rena angelidaki a sustainable solution for pig manure treatment: environmental compliance with the...
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Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Rena Angelidaki
A sustainable solution for pig manure treatment: Environmental compliance with the
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive (PIGMAN)
PIGMAN
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Cost EU project - PartnersCost EU project - Partners
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
• Contamination soil and ground waterContamination soil and ground water
• Contamination surface waterContamination surface water
• Emission of green house gasses Emission of green house gasses (carbon dioxide and methane)(carbon dioxide and methane)
• Emission of ammonia gas Emission of ammonia gas (acidification)(acidification)
• Odour emissionOdour emission
Main environmental problems caused by pig manure
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Pig manure on Cyprus
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
To develop and test a working prototype To develop and test a working prototype of a digester + water treatment plant:of a digester + water treatment plant:
• Removal of organic matter (anaerobic Removal of organic matter (anaerobic digestdigestion)ion)
• P precipitation as struviteP precipitation as struvite• N remN removal by partial ammonia oval by partial ammonia
oxidation processoxidation process
Main objective PIGMAN
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Process flow chartProcess flow chart
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Biogas
Digester
Other
Manure Water Water treatment
Solids Compost
Anaerorbic digestionAnaerorbic digestion
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Mg2+ + NH4+ + HPO4
2- + 6H2O MgNH4 PO4 · 6H2O + H+ P removal as struvite
Struvite precipitation
• > 90% of the phosphate is removed from the water
• Solids and organic matters are removes which gives50% COD reduction and 30% N reduction
• Every kg P gives 7,9 kg MgAP(MgAP is a fertilizer which can be dry used)
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Ammonia removalAmmonia removal• Conventional: nitrification/denitrificationConventional: nitrification/denitrification
• Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrificationautotrophic nitrification/denitrification
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Flowsheet suggestionFlowsheet suggestion
Anaerobic dig.
Separation
UASB reactor
Anphos Oland process
Clean Waste Water
CH4-prod., COD reduction
COD reduction
CH4-prod., COD reduct., Part. P removal
P removal, partial N removal
N removal
Filtrate (permeate)
Fibers
Concentrate
Decanted effluentAnaerobic
Digester
Membranefiltrationtank
Decantercentrifuge
Pig manure
Biogas
UASB
1
2 4
5 6
8
Storage tank
7 ANPHOS
biogas
OLAND
3
Filtrate (permeate)
Fibers
Concentrate
Decanted effluentAnaerobic
Digester
Membranefiltrationtank
Decantercentrifuge
Pig manure
Biogas
UASB
1
2 4
5 6
8
Storage tank
7 ANPHOS
biogas
OLAND
3
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
DTU’s activities:DTU’s activities:
• Codigestion of manure together with Codigestion of manure together with animal byproductsanimal byproducts
• Ultrafiltration of centrifugateUltrafiltration of centrifugate
• Struvite precipitationStruvite precipitation
• UASB reactor for further COD UASB reactor for further COD removalremoval
• Oland processOland process
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Hegndal biogas plantHegndal biogas plant
Reactor Decanter Centrifuge Ultra filter
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
The effluent from the decanter centrifuge is collected in an underground tank (Hegndal Biogas plant).
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
The tank (H=170cm, D=130cm) where the membrane was installed
Technical specifications of Mitsubishi membranes MBR test unit given by the supplier:
Membranes: Submerged, capilliar
Producer: Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Japan
Surface membrane: 1.5 m2
Withdrawal flow: 30 l/hr
Back flush flow: 1.5 * withdrawal flow = 45 l/hr
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Membrane filtration unit.
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
The liquor in the membrane filtration tankThe liquor in the membrane filtration tank
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Foaming 12 hours after initiation of the Foaming 12 hours after initiation of the filtrationfiltration
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Clogged membrane after 3 days of Clogged membrane after 3 days of operationoperation
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
The liquor after membrane The liquor after membrane filtrationfiltration
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Biofilm formation on the Biofilm formation on the membrane surfacemembrane surface
Microbial communites in the Microbial communites in the biofilm studied by FISHbiofilm studied by FISH
Biofilm microbial Biofilm microbial community overview (DAPI)community overview (DAPI)
EubacteriaEubacteria (EUB 338 and EUB 338+) (EUB 338 and EUB 338+) ArchaeaArchaea (ARC 915) (ARC 915)
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Conclusions for the membrane Conclusions for the membrane filtration stepfiltration step
• Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour.Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour.• Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12 Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12
hours.hours.• Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4 Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4
days of operation (back flushing with water was not days of operation (back flushing with water was not able to completely remove accumulated particles).able to completely remove accumulated particles).
• The membrane was not suitable for practical The membrane was not suitable for practical application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge effluent).effluent).
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) experimentsexperiments
Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark
Future activitiesFuture activities
• Treatment of the Treatment of the UASB effluents with:UASB effluents with:
– AnphosAnphos
– OlandOland