remote sensing of our environment
DESCRIPTION
Remote Sensing of Our Environment. Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface. CIR Film at Close Range. Air Photos. Artist’s Rendition of SPOT Satellite. Definition of Remote Sensing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Remote Sensing of Our Environment
Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface
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CIR Film at Close Range
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Air Photos
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Artist’s Rendition of SPOT Satellite
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Definition of Remote Sensing
• Remote sensing is the science and art of acquiring information (spectral, spatial, temporal) about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact.
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EMR
• In remote sensing, information transfer is accomplished by use of electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Geraniums - Normal Color Film
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Geraniums - CIR Film
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Normal Color/CIR Comparison
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Thermal Radiometer
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Archeology Site - South Dakota
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Big Brother Watching…..
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Interactions between Matter and Electro-magnetic Radiation
• All matter reflects, absorbs, penetrates and emits electro-magnetic radiation in a unique way.
• For example, the reason why a leaf looks green is that the chlorophyll absorbs blue and red spectra and reflects the green spectrum
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Types of Remote Sensing with Respect to Wavelength Regions
• Remote sensing is classified into three types with respect to the wavelength regions; – (1)Visible and Reflective Infrared Remote
Sensing, – (2)Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing and– (3)Microwave Remote Sensing
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Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of vegetation, soil and water
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Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of different kinds of trees
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Landsat MSS - Where??
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Where?
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Where?
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Where?
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Where?
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Gemini Film Image
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What Season?
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See the Line?
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Significant Variations in Land Cover and Land Use
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Ready to Go!
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What Scale?
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MSS vs. TM
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SPOT - Washington DC
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Pacman Farm….
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Gharb, Morocco
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Gharb - Pre-Harvest
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Gharb - Post-Harvest
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Sakur, Japan
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Chernobyl - 1986
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Ocean Measurements
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California Mosaic
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Resolution
• Spectral Resolution
• Radiometric Resolution
• Spatial Resolution
• Temporal Resolution
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Landsat MSS
• Spectral Resolution– Band 4 (0.5 – 0.6 um, green)– Band 5 (0.6 – 0.7 um, red)– Band 6 (0.7 – 0.8 um, photo IR)– Band 7 (0.8 – 1.1um, near IR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte (256 levels (0 – 255))
• Spatial Resolution– 80m (260ft)
• Temporal Resolution– 16 days
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Landsat MSS
• Orbital altitude – 570 miles
• 11.560 FOV – 115 mile swath
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SPOT
• Spectral Resolution– Band 1 (0.50 – 0.59 um, green)– Band 2 (0.60 – 0.68um, red)– Band 3 (0.79 – 0.89um, RIR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte
• Spatial Resolution– 20m
• Temporal Resolution– 26 days vertically downward. Can move mirror 270, increasing
repeatability to 7x in 26 days.
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SPOT
• Orbital altitude – 516 miles
• 73 mile swath
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Commercialization of Space Remote Sensing
Here is a SpaceImaging high resolution panchromatic scene that shows the pyramids outside of Cairo, Egypt
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Quickbird-2 is the flagship of Digital Globe
The Pentagon (a year after it was damaged by a terrorist air assault) on the Virginia side of the Potomac River outside Washington, D.C.
2.8m spatial resolution.
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IKONOS
• 1999 launch
• Spatial Resolution: – B/W: 82-cm– Multispectral: 4-meter
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IKONOS
• Spectral Range– 526–929 nm
445–516 nm (blue)506–595 nm (green)632–698 nm (red)757–853 nm (near IR)
• Revisit Time– Approximately 3 days
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GeoEye-1 and IKONOS Comparison
Satellite Feature GeoEye-1 IKONOS
Panchromatic Resolution .5-meter 1-meter
Multispectral Resolution 1.64-meter 3.28-meter
Spectral Range R G B IR R G B IR
Launch Date 9/6/08 9/24/99
Orbit Altitude 681-km/423-miles 681-km/423/miles
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GeoEye-1: Ayers Rock
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GeoEye-1: Canyonlands, Utah
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GeoEye-1: El Capitan
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GeoEye-1: Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska
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GeoEye-1: The Moon
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GeoEye-1: Niagara Falls
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GeoEye-1: Rainbow Bridge, Utah
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GeoEye-1: Nile River Delta
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GeoEye-1: Burning Man 2009
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GeoEye-1: Burning Man 2009
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GeoEye-1: Sand & Gravel Plant Arkansas
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GeoEye-1: Sand & Gravel Plant Arkansas
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Aster: Yukon Delta
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Military Intelligence Satellites
The KH-12 series, the last for which some specifications can be found, is reputed to achieve a resolution of 2+ cm, although images of this sharpness haven't been released.
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US Spy Imagery Sources
• U-2 • SR-71 • TARPS (Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance Pod System) • ATARS (Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance System) • Predator UAV TESAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) • Predator UAV Electro-optical • KH-4 CORONA • KH-5 ARGON • KH-11 KENNAN/CRYSTAL • KH-12 IMPROVED CRYSTAL
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Spatial Resolution Detection vs.Recognition
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NYC Landsat TM
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Landsat 5 NYC
(summer 1997)
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ASTER: NYC - 9/22/02