remote sensing of our environment using satellite digital images to analyze the earth’s surface
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Remote Sensing of Our Environment
Using Satellite Digital Images to Analyze the Earth’s Surface
CIR Film at Close Range
Air Photos
Artist’s Rendition of SPOT Satellite
Definition of Remote Sensing
• Remote sensing is the science and art of acquiring information (spectral, spatial, temporal) about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact.
EMR
• In remote sensing, information transfer is accomplished by use of electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Geraniums - Normal Color Film
Geraniums - CIR Film
Normal Color/CIR Comparison
Thermal Radiometer
Archeology Site - South Dakota
Big Brother Watching…..
Interactions between Matter and Electro-magnetic Radiation
• All matter reflects, absorbs, penetrates and emits electro-magnetic radiation in a unique way.
• For example, the reason why a leaf looks green is that the chlorophyll absorbs blue and red spectra and reflects the green spectrum
Types of Remote Sensing with Respect to Wavelength Regions
• Remote sensing is classified into three types with respect to the wavelength regions; – (1)Visible and Reflective Infrared Remote
Sensing, – (2)Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing and– (3)Microwave Remote Sensing
Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of vegetation, soil and water
Spectral Reflectance of Land Covers
Spectral reflectance of different kinds of trees
Landsat MSS - Where??
Where?
Where?
Where?
Where?
Gemini Film Image
What Season?
See the Line?
Significant Variations in Land Cover and Land Use
Ready to Go!
What Scale?
TM vs MSS
SPOT - Washington DC
Pacman Farm….
Gharb, Morocco
Gharb - Pre-Harvest
Gharb - Post-Harvest
Sakur, Japan
Chernobyl - 1986
Ocean Measurements
California Mosaic
Resolution
• Spectral Resolution
• Radiometric Resolution
• Spatial Resolution
• Temporal Resolution
Landsat MSS
• Spectral Resolution– Band 4 (0.5 – 0.6 um, green)– Band 5 (0.6 – 0.7 um, red)– Band 6 (0.7 – 0.8 um, photo IR)– Band 7 (0.8 – 1.1um, near IR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte (256 levels (0 – 255))
• Spatial Resolution– 80m (260ft)
• Temporal Resolution– 16 days
Landsat MSS
• Orbital altitude – 570 miles
• 11.560 FOV – 115 mile swath
SPOT
• Spectral Resolution– Band 1 (0.50 – 0.59 um, green)– Band 2 (0.60 – 0.68um, red)– Band 3 (0.79 – 0.89um, RIR)
• Radiometric Resolution– 1 byte
• Spatial Resolution– 20m
• Temporal Resolution– 26 days vertically downward. Can move mirror 270, increasing
repeatability to 7x in 26 days.
SPOT
• Orbital altitude – 516 miles
• 73 mile swath
Commercialization of Space Remote Sensing
Here is a SpaceImaging high resolution panchromatic scene that shows the pyramids outside of Cairo, Egypt
Quickbird-2 is the flagship of Digital Globe
The Pentagon (a year after it was damaged by a terrorist air assault) on the Virginia side of the Potomac River outside Washington, D.C.
2.8m spatial resolution.
Military Intelligence Satellites
The KH-12 series, the last for which some specifications can be found, is reputed to achieve a resolution of 2+ cm, although images of this sharpness haven't been released.
Spatial Resolution Detection vs.Recognition
San Francisco
2x Enlargement
4x Enlargement
8x Enlargement
NYC Landsat TM