remote sensing & environmental change workshop. 12-13 june, 2007 nairobi integrating remote...
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Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Integrating Remote sensing and GIS for mapping
community rangelandsLucy Waruingi
African Conservation CentreKENYA
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Objectives of Study• Objective 1: Integrating remote sensing
and GIS to analyse the land cover/land-use on community rangelands
• Objective 2: Determining areas of biological importance with regard to wildlife in community rangelands
• Objective 3: Selecting areas suitable/viable for monitoring by community game scouts
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Community rangelands• Dry lands make up 40% of the earth’s land mass
and support nearly 2 billion people (White et al., 2002).
• Well endowed with flora and fauna and scenic landscapes with major tourism potential
• In Kenya they are set up as group ranches, members share the natural resources
• Maasai have long history of co-existence • Occupation mainly pastoralism or mixed farming
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Threats to rangelands• Population growth• Sedenarisation• Land subdivision• Habitat fragmentation• Conflicting land uses• Human-wildlife conflict• Competition for resources• Drought• Climate change
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Mapping of rangelands• Collection and compilation of biological data and
mapping of resources has been the preserve of scientists
• In Kenya remote sensing research has been generally focused on land cover changes and habitat distribution in and around national parks (Serneels et al. 2001; Oindo et al. 2003).
• Involvement of the local people in collecting and mapping information of their own rangelands is critical for sustainable use of their resources
• Use of landsat imagery, various GIS techniques, with other biological data provides a framework for mapping of community rangelands
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Why use maps?
• Maps provide a common language for communities to participate in managing of their lands
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Landsat ETM+ 2000 – 2001False color
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Classified Landsat ETM+land cover/use
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
GIS analysis of Wildlife Resources
• Wildlife census on 5*5 km grid (30 years of data) analysed for wet and dry seasons
– Use remote sensing to get a snapshot of landscape (landcover/landuse)
– Use GIS to summarise historical ecological and biological data
– Train scouts on basic ecology, human-wildlife conflict, tourism, map reading, use of GPS and environmental management
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Landcover * Wildlife
distribution (WET)
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Landcover * Wildlife
distribution (DRY)
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Scientists - Scouts
• Conventional mapping of resources:– field biologists to
collect data regularly for years
– Special equipment– Set of tools and
methods
• Community scouts- Unschooled &
unskilled- No equipment /
tools- Foot/bicycle patrols+Knowledge of their
landscape+Have co-existed
with for decades with nature
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Engaging the local people
• Modified monitoring sheets translated to local languages
– Use remote sensing to get a snapshot of landscape (landcover/landuse)
– Use GIS to summarise historical ecological and biological data
– Train scouts on basic ecology, human-wildlife conflict, tourism, map reading, use of GPS and environmental management
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Simplified monitoring sheets WEEKLY
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Community Scouts - Transects
Viewshed analysis
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Community Scouts NetworkScouts Radio Network in Amboseli
•On predetermined walking transects
•Selected habitats from classified image
•Use of DEM and visibility to determine suitable sampling areas for each habitat
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
r
rr
r
$
$
;$
;
Kitengela
Nairobi City
Amboseli Park
Maasai MaraReserve
Nairobi National ParkNairobi National Park
Kajiado
KAJIADO
NAROK
Lorngosua
Ngatataek
Ntulele
Suswa
Bisil
Kiserian
Elangatawuas
Lake Natron
Maisigiria
Entasopia
Kitengela
Oltepesi
Oloika
Skybed
Mosiro
Namanga
Magadi
Shompole
Meto
Kajiado
Emotoroki
Nairobi City
Torosei
KAJIADO
NAROK
Amboseli Park
Maasai MaraReserve
Nairobi National Park
NAROK
Nairobi National Park
Donyo Seleken
Fig. 4 - SOUTH RIFT CROP DAMAGE, HUMAN INJURY, DEATH ANDPROPERTY DAMAGE
Administrative boundaries
Wildlife protected areas
Elevation Contours
LEGENDCrop damageHuman death or injuryProperty damage
Map prepared by the African Conservation CentreGIS dept. and Elephant Programme, 2006
N
r$
;
Crop damage, Human death, injury, property damage
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Tourism (facilities and activities)Livestock (grazing patterns)
Security (communication, patrols)Agriculture
InfrastructureMarketing
Conservation areaSettlements
Map A
Map B
Joint management plan
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Achievements
• Monitoring over the last 2 years has enhanced understanding of the area and resource use and conflict
• Information of wildlife numbers, habitat conditions, impact of drought and poached species available
• Joint participatory landuse zoning brings ownership to the agreed on landuse plans
• Joint security operations and anti-poaching patrols
• Environmental protection – charcoal burning
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
More achievements….
• Engaging in eco-tourism enterprises
• Setting aside of conservation areas
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Challenges• Current satellite imagery quite
costly, this study used data of 2000, 2001
• Technical expertise is required in interpretation of images
• Establishing consistent classes for landcover interpretation
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Conclusion• GIS and Remote sensing can be used as tools to
enhance the monitoring & mapping community rangelands
• Maps provide a framework for integration of local spatial knowledge and provides a common language
• Local communities can learn adapted data collection methodologies for management and use of their environment and natural resources.
Remote sensing & Environmental Change workshop. 12-13 June, 2007 Nairobi
Asante Sana!
www.conservationafrica.org [email protected]