remote sensing

REMOTE SENSING

HYDROLOGY2013 EVENT TRAINING POWERPOINT

PRESENTED BY:

Cele MorrisNorthwest Indiana Center for Data & AnalysisIndiana University NorthwestLibrary

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:

• Identify significant changes in the focus and rules for the 2013 Remote Sensing competition (See Handouts)

• Provide a description of remote sensing and its associated terms

• Demonstrate instructional strategies that may be used to create an event training program for event trainers and students

• Identify resources that may be used to help prepare students for the 2013 Remote Sensing Event (See Handout)

EVENT DESCRIPTION:The 2013 Science Olympiad Remote Sensing competition will focus on hydrology-the study of the occurrence, circulation, distribution and properties of the Earth’s waters and atmosphere :

• The role of water in maintaining the radiative balance of Earth’s atmosphere

• Hydrologic cycles

• Local and global ecological effects of changes in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures

EVENT DESCRIPTION:Remote sensing technologies are used to record data and monitor changes in the atmosphere and oceans by acquiring radiometric measurements of:

• Atmospheric and ocean temperature• Greenhouse gases• Changes in land/sea/ice elevations

• Changes in land/sea vegetative cover

EVENT DESCRIPTION:These radiometric measurements are acquired by sensors that detect interactions between electromagnetic energy and the atmosphere, oceans and Earth.

EVENT DESCRIPTION:Sensors are placed aboard satellites, which orbit our planet in Earth Observation Missions.

EVENT DESCRIPTION:Data acquired by the sensors is then analyzed and interpreted and used to create a variety of images

WHAT STUDENTS WILL DO:Students will be presented with one or more tasks requiring the use of science process skills to complete tasks related to the study of remote sensing and including:

• Using remote sensing imagery to describe local and global changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures, hydrologic cycles and vegetative cover

• Describe interactions between electromagnetic energy and the atmosphere, oceans and earth

• Identify and describe significant Earth Observation Missions related to climate change and land use

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The best way to describe electromagnetic radiation is by describing its most basic component the electromagnetic ‐wave.


The higher the frequency of a wave, the shorter its wavelength will be

The lower the frequency of a wave, the longer its wavelength will be


Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) refers to the emission of atoms in gases that take the form of waves.

The movements of electrons from one energy state into another cause the emission of radiation in a band spectrum.


The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.


Most satellite pictures are pictures of reflected sunlight that makes its way through the atmosphere and is collected by the satellite sensor.


These are usually ‘near’ infrared images that collect EMR (Electromagnetic Radiation)

Compare these two images of the Detroit area. The one on the right is a visible light image taken from the Space Shuttle. The one on the right is a LANDSAT image in the near infrared range

Water is darker in the near-infrared image (right) because water absorbs-infrared light more strongly than it does visible light giving a darker appearance.

Now, compare the near-infrared intensity reflected from forested regions. Leafy deciduous vegetation reflects more infrared radiation than grasses and coniferous trees-which absorb more energy and appear darker

How do concrete and roadways in both images appear?

What are some problems that you could see with asphalt pavement on NI (near-infrared) images

Now, let’s move into the thermal range of near-infrared and see the difference between visible light on the left and thermal imagery (1013 ) to the right.

In studying weather, TI is useful in determining convection between warm and cold air in local atmospheres

Why are the clouds in the region of warmer temperatures on the left image darker than those with colder air?


• Electromagnetic energy moves in waves

• Remote sensing sensors can detect and record EM energy that cannot be seen by the human eye

• Different wavelengths of EM energy interact with water in different ways

• Remote sensing imagery can help us to understand how changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures may affect us

SETTING UP A TRAINING PROGRAM

Students

Event Content

Coach

TRAINING RESOURCES

In planning your Event Training Program, you will need to acquire or create training resources for each event.

TRAINING RESOURCESMore than likely, students and coaches will use the Internet to research content knowledge needed for events.

But there are often questions about whether or not to purchase prepared resources or create your own training resources

COMMERCIAL TRAINING RESOURCES

Commercial training resources may be more cost and time effective to use

Commercial training resources may be expensive, too difficult for students to understand, or unable to comport with the Event Rules

CREATING TRAINING RESOURCES

Practice activities can be calibrated to Event Rules, your Minimum Performance Standards and student ability levels

In-house preparation of training materials will take time and perhaps require additional training, resources

CREATING A RESEARCH NOTEBOOKCreating a Research Notebook is one of the best ways that you can have students acquire the content knowledge needed for their events.

CREATING A RESEARCH NOTEBOOKResearch Notebooks can be created using conventional binders with tabbed organizers.

Or you may wish to use software such as MS One-Note to electronically organize your research

BINDERS AND TABS

Binders are low cost and familiar to most students

Binders are limited in storage capacity and limit sharing

BINDERS AND TABSPurchase a large (3”) binder and sets of vertical and horizontal tabs

BINDERS AND TABSUse the horizontal tabs that will run along the top of the binder to organize subtopics within each of the key event topics as shown.

BINDERS AND TABSNext, use the vertical tabs that will run along the right side of the binder to organize the Key Event Topics

BINDERS AND TABSTo guide student research, do the following:

• Have students acquire a set number of websites, text, illustrations, etc. for the assigned subtopic

• Have students copy the resource and place it into the binder in its correct subtopic tab

• Use Information Analysis Skills to extrapolate information from the resource

Summarizing ResearchHave students summarize their research in their own words. This can be done by:

• Study the article before you read it. Examine the title, headings, illustrations-anything that will help them to focus on what is to be read

• Read the article carefully identifying the main idea, major subordinate ideas and their relationship to one another

BINDERS AND TABSYou can then follow up with Practice Activities geared towards the KET subtopic that students researched

SOFTWARE

Notebook software is portable, customizable and allows greater collaboration between students

Students and coaches may not be familiar with software, some students may not have computers or Internet access

SOFTWAREThere are a number of e-notebook programs available such as MS One-Note 2010.

GLACIAL MOVEMENT

This image TERRA image of College Fjord, Alaska shows two large glaciers. Harvard Glacier is the large continental glacier shown at the left. Yale Glacier is shown on the right.

COLLEGE FJORD

Which of the two glaciers appears to be shrinking?

Which appears to be growing into the fjord?

Yale Glacier

Harvard Glacier

COLLEGE FJORD

Which glacier appears to be producing the most icebergs?

Harvard Glacier

COLLEGE FJORD

Where are the largest concentrations of vegetation shown on the image?

Along the fjord walls

COLLEGE FJORD

What wavelength was likely used to create this image?

Infrared

GLACIAL MOVEMENT



• Remote sensing imagery can help us to understand how changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures may affect us

• Remote sensing imagery is easy and fun to use

CREATING EVENT NOTESRemote Sensing, like most Science Olympiad events allows the use of student notes and other resources during competition.

In Remote Sensing, each team is allowed up to five 8.5x11” double-sided sheets of computer or hand-generated notes

CREATING EVENT NOTESLimits are placed upon the amount of material that students may bring to competitions

CREATING EVENT NOTESWrite the information in each section so that it can be clearly understood by both team members and can be communicated during competition with a minimum of conversation

CREATING EVENT NOTESHave competition notes in clear view of the Event Supervisor and be sure you have the latest Event Rules and Rule Clarifications specifying what may be brought to competition.

INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS

Wetlands are important transitional landforms between bodies of water and land.


For at least part of the year, wetlands are flooded with water.


Covering just 6% of Earth’s surface, wetlands including marshes, tundra, peat bogs, lagoons, river deltas and floodplains account for 10-20% of terrestrial carbon.


Wetlands slow the decay of organic material trapped in them and hold as much as 771 gigatons of C02, methane and other greenhouse gases


Wetlands are also important in the prevention of floods in floodplain areas, acting as sponges that soak up excess water.


They also capture sediments needed for agriculture, cleanse waters of organic pollutants and limit seashore and riverbank erosion.


Given their importance, wetlands are vital to the health global ecosystems as well as local regions.

PARKER RIVERMASSACHUSETTS


What do the bright tones of red in the Parker River, Massachusetts Image indicate?

What do the tan and green tones on the image indicate?


What does black indicate on the Parker River, Massachusetts image?

What do the blue and white tones on the image indicate?


Why does the red color of the image seem to become darker at the mouth of the river (upper left)?

What type of landform will likely occur over time in the area indicated by the orange circle?


What do the angular lines indicate in the area shown in the black circle?

The small puddles and ponds shown throughout the image provide evidence of what geologic process?




• Remote sensing imagery can allow us to see changes in natural and human activities that would otherwise be invisible.

RESOURCES FOR REMOTE SENSING

• 2012 Remote Sensing Training Handout

• 2012 Science Olympiad Remote Sensing Resource CD

• 2011 Division C Test Bank CD

• State Coach’s Resource Webpages

• Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology Eighth Edition 2009

American Geological Institute and National Association of Geoscience Teachers Edited by Richard M. Busch and illustrated by Dennis Tasa

Pearson Publishers

RESOURCES FOR REMOTE SENSING

• NASA Earth Observation Mission Satellite Technical Manual

• NASA Earth Change and Space Flight

• NASA Earth From Space Website for Images

PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:

• Identify significant changes in the focus and rules for the 2013 Remote Sensing competition

• Provide a description of remote sensing and its associated terms

• Demonstrate instructional strategies that may be used to create an event training program for event trainers and students

• Identify resources that may be used to help prepare students for the 2013 Remote Sensing Event

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