remote controlled fan regulator

30
Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator  MET‘S School of Engineer ing Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering MET’S SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MALA, THRISSUR DISTRICT MINI PROJECT REPORT ON “REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR”  Submitted i n accordance with the cur r icul um r e qui r e me nts for Six th s e mes ter of th e de gr ee cour se i n BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In the branch of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING of UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT YEAR 2009 Submitted by ALVASIM P. A. ANUMOL R. GEO JOY NIMMY YESUDAS PRADEEP K. VIJAYAN

Upload: usamah-farooqui

Post on 17-Oct-2015

42 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Remote controlled Fan Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic equipment in our day today life. It has become essential element without which people can’t lead a smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the making it controlled by a remote.In remote controlled fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by using a remote. Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for regulating the speed.Any button on the remote can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using this circuit, we can change the speed of the fan from our couch or bed. This circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation can be a success only if people are made aware about its advantages and how user-friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the intensity of light. This innovation finds its use mainly to help old age people who don’t want to walk in order to control the speed of fan. It also finds its use of somebody wants to change the speed while sleeping.

TRANSCRIPT

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    1/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    METS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

    MALA, THRISSUR DISTRICT

    MINI PROJECT REPORT

    ON

    REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR

    Submitted in accordance with the curr icul um requirements for

    Sixth semester of the degree cour se in

    BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

    In the branch of

    ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

    of

    UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

    YEAR 2009

    Submitted by

    ALVASIM P. A.

    ANUMOL R.

    GEO JOY

    NIMMY YESUDAS

    PRADEEP K. VIJAYAN

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    2/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    METS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

    MALA, THRISSUR DISTRICT

    CERTIFICATE

    This is to certify that this mini project entitled REMOTECONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR has been completed byALVASIM P.A., ANUMOL R., GEO JOY, NIMMY YESUDAS, PRADEEP K.VIJAYAN during sixth semester in partial fulfillment of the award of thedegree in BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL AND

    ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING of CALICUT UNIVERSITY during the

    academic year 2008-2009.

    Project guide Staff in charge Head of the Department

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    3/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    CONTENTS

    1. Abstract 32. Introduction 4

    3. Block Diagram 6

    4. Block Diagram Description 7

    5. Circuit Diagram 16

    6. Working of the Circuit 17

    7. Component List 19

    8. PCB Fabrication 20

    9. Soldering 23

    10. PCB Layout 24

    11. Component View 25

    12. Application 26

    13. Advantages 27

    14. Conclusion 28

    15. Reference 29

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    4/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    ABSTRACT

    Remote controlled Fan Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to

    increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic

    equipment in our day today life. It has become essential element without

    which people cant lead a smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or

    office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in

    the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put

    down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance.

    Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the making it controlled by a

    remote.

    In remote controlled fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by

    using a remote. Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for

    regulating the speed.

    Any button on the remote can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using

    this circuit, we can change the speed of the fan from our couch or bed. This

    circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation

    can be a success only if people are made aware about its advantages and how

    user-friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the intensity of light.

    This innovation finds its use mainly to help old age people who dont want

    to walk in order to control the speed of fan. It also finds its use of somebody

    wants to change the speed while sleeping.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    5/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    INTRODUCTION

    A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to

    move around is a revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of the

    fan is a boon to many. This product brings to you this very concept.

    Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or

    office from a distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and

    also to operate, a system that would be cheap and affordable, a reliable and

    easy to maintain system of remote control and durable system irrespective of

    usage. It adds more comfort to everyday living by removing the

    inconvenience of having to move around to operate a fan regulator. The

    system seeks to develop a system that is cost effective while not

    undermining the need for efficient working.

    The first remote control, called lazy bones was developed in 1950 by

    Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation).

    The device was developed quickly, and it was called Zenith space

    command, the remote went into production in the fall of 1956, becoming

    the first practical wireless remote control device. Today, remote control is a

    standard on electronic products, including VCRs, cable and satellite boxes,

    digital video disc players and home audio players. In the year 2000, more

    than 99 percent of all TV set and 100 percent of all VCR and DVD players

    sold are equipped with remote controls. The average individual these days

    probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a day.

    Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is

    pressed. This completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    6/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    line signal specific to that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and

    sends it to the LED which translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor

    on the appliance detects the infrared light and reacts appropriately.

    The remote controls function is to wait for the user to press a key and then

    translate that into infrared light signals that are received by the receiving

    appliance. The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is typically around

    36kHz.

    The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan

    regulator. The remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is

    received by the infra-red sensor on the regulator and the speed of the fan is

    increased.

    One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to endeavor to deliver the

    best product or the most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user.

    The system was found to meet the expected results.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    7/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    BLOCK DIAGRAM

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    8/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    BLOCK DIAGRAM

    DESCRIPTION

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    9/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Infrared Receiver Module

    Infrared receiver module is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the

    remote control.

    Here, TSOP 1738 is used as infrared receiver Module. It is capable of

    receiving signals up to 38 KHz.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    10/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Monostable Multivibrator

    A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of

    simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. Amonostable multivibrator, as its name indicates, has a stable state and a

    quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to change from the

    stable state to the quasi-stable state.

    Here, two NE 555 ICs are wired as monostable multivibrators. The trigger

    to the first multivibrator is the signals from the infrared receiver module.

    This multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter. The

    second multivibrator is triggered by the opto coupler.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    11/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Decade Counter

    In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and

    sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has

    occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Decade counter is a counterthat counts through 10 states. It is also known as a mod-10 counter.

    Here, CD 4017 is used as decade counter. Here actually ten outputs are there

    from which five are used (Q0 to Q4), Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset.

    The output of monostable multivibrator(IC1) is used to delay the clock pulse

    of the decade counter.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    12/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Transformer

    A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to

    another through inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils or"windings". Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a

    level suitable for the low voltage components.

    The transformer used here is a 230/(12V-0-12V) step down transformer.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    13/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Regulator Section

    A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automaticallymaintain a constant voltage level.

    IC 7809 is used here. It is a 9V regulator. It regulates the rectified 12V to

    9V. This 9V is supplied to the whole circuit.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    14/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Opto Coupler

    An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from

    one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It

    is used for low voltages.

    MCT2E is the opto coupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar

    phototransistor optically coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting

    diode. It is used to trigger the monostable multivibrator(IC3).

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    15/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Opto Isolator

    An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information

    from one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of the

    potentials. Its operating voltage is higher than that of an Opto coupler.

    Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    16/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    Triac BT 136

    A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an electronic component

    approximately equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers

    (SCRs/thyristors) joined in inverse parallel (paralleled but with the polarity

    reversed) and with their gates connected together. The formal name for a

    TRIAC is bidirectional triode thyristor. This results in a bidirectional

    electronic switch which can conduct current in either direction when it is

    triggered (turned on) and thus doesn't have any polarity. It can be triggered

    by either a positive or a negative voltage being applied to its gateelectrode

    (with respect to A1, otherwise known as MT1). Once triggered, the device

    continues to conduct until the current through it drops below a certain

    threshold value, the holding current, such as at the end of a half-cycle of

    alternating current (AC) mains power. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at

    a controllable point in an AC cycle allows one to control the percentage of

    current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control).

    The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A

    snubber circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the

    firing angle of Triac. This firing angle determines the speed of the fan.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    17/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    CIRCUIT DIADGRAM

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    18/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

    The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by

    IC7809, capacitor and Diodes to 9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing

    supply to the entire circuit. Any button of remote control can be used to

    control the speed of the fan. The remote control produces infrared rays which

    is received by the TSOP infrared receives module. The TSOP used here is

    TSOP 1738. It is capable for receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The infrared

    rays are received by the TSOP sensor and its output is given as a trigger to

    the first monostable multivibrator NE 555 through a LED and Resistor R4.

    This NE555 which is wired as Monostable multivibrator is used to delay the

    clock to decade counter CD 4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP

    to decade counter, but while doing so all the small pulse or noises may also

    act as clock to counter and counter starts counting. The decade counter has

    ten outputs from Q0 to Q9. But here we are using only Q0 to Q4. Q5 is not

    used and Q6 is used to reset the counter. The output of decade counter is

    taken through Resistors R5 to R9. The resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5

    controls the pulse width which is actually determining the speed of the fan. If

    the Q0 output is high the capacitor C5 is charged through R5, if Q1 is high

    capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so on, thereby controlling the speed

    of the fan accordingly. Here we are controlling the speed of the fan in five

    levels that is why we are taking five outputs (A0 to Q4).

    Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostable

    multivibrator. This monostable multivibrator is triggered by pulses from opto

    coupler MCT2E. It is wired as Zero crossing detector. The output from

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    19/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    decade counter is given to NE555 and this is given to the transistor BC548.

    It is given to the Opto isolator MOC 3021. It is used for driving the Triac

    BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor. Here the resistor R13 (470hm) and

    capacitor C7 (0.01F) combination is used as snubber network for the Triac.

    The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width.

    When Q0 output is high the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is

    high pulse width is decreased slightly. As the pulse width decreases firing

    angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. By using

    remote control we are actually controlling pulse width, which in turn varies

    the firing angle of triac, and there by varying the speed of the fan.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    20/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    COMPONENTS LIST

    1. IR Receiver Module - TSOP 1738

    2. IC NE555

    3. Opto Coupler - IC MCT2E

    4. Opto Isolator - IC MOC 3021

    5. Voltage Regulator - IC 7809

    6. Decade Counter - IC CD4017

    7. Transformer230/(12V -0-12V)8. Light Emitting Diode

    9. Diodes - IN4148, IN 4007

    10. Transistor - BC548

    11. Triac - BT136

    12. Resistors - 1K, 100K, 330, 47K , 33K, 27K, 20K,

    12K, 3.3K, 470 , 5.6 K, 10 K, 47

    13. Capacitors - 0.01 F /400V, 4.7 F /16V, 10 F /16V,

    1 F /16V, 0.22F, 470 /50V

    14. Zener Diode - 5.1V

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    21/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    PCB FABRICATION

    Printed Circuit Boards play a vital role here in determining the overall

    performance of the electronic equipment. A good PCB design ensures that

    the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is

    held within limits while still providing components years of assembly

    maintenance and performance reliability.

    WHERE AND WHY ARE PCBS USED?

    Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track

    which are firmly bonded to an insulating base.

    Advantages of PCB over common wiring are:

    1. PCBs are necessary for connecting a large number of electroniccomponents in a very small area with minimum parasitic effects.

    2. PCBs are simulated with mass production with less chance of writingerror.

    3. Small components are easily mounted.4. Servicing in simplified.

    The base materials used for PCBs are glass epoxy, epoxy paper, polyesteretc. Copper foil used for copper clad is manufactured by the process of

    electronic deposition.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    22/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    The properties of copper foil are:

    Thickness35 meter Thickness tolerance+5 meter

    Purity of Copper99.8% Resistivity at 20oC.0.1594

    PREPARATION OF SINGLE SIDED PCB

    In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on one side of copper

    clad board. Thus crossing of conductors is not allowed. Base materials are

    selected according to application. It is mechanically and chemically

    cleansed. The photo resist is an organic solution which when exposed to

    light of proper wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after

    exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist is done by

    (i) Spray coating(ii) Dip coating(iii) Roller coating.

    The coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate

    contact with each other.

    The assembly is exposed to UV light and is rinsed in the developer tank.

    Proper developer has to be used for a particular photo resist and then the

    PCB is dyed in a tray. The dye reveals the flux to be used for a particular

    photo resist. Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    23/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    LAYOUT

    The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB designing software

    like ORCAD or PROTEL.

    FABRICATION

    The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is done on the

    component side as well as the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for

    holes to insert the respective components. Etch resistant ink coatings are

    given on the interconnecting marks.

    ETCHING

    The copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution containing a

    small amount of Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing activeness of Ferric

    Chloride in etching. Wherever the varnish coating is there the copper

    remains. Then it is washed with water and Oxalic Acid.

    DRILLING

    The required holes of suitable size are drilled using twist drill. Now the

    Printed Circuit Board(PCB) is complete and ready for soldering.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    24/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    SOLDERING

    Soldering is the process of joining of two metals using an alloy solder

    consisting of Tin and Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the melting whereas the

    Lead is used to reduce the cost. After the PCB fabrication is done, the

    various components are arranged at proper locations on the PCB and then the

    soldering is done. All liquids consist of particles which attract each other.

    The surface is always trying to shrink and this is because of surface tension.

    The principle behind soldering is that when liquid particles are brought in

    contact with the walls of the solid surface, it may happen that the solid

    attracts the liquid surface. This property is called adhesive property. Care

    must be taken that the melting point of solder is below that of the metal so

    that its surface is melted without melting without the metal.

    NEED FOR FLUX

    During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for improving the

    degree of melting. The basic functions of flux are mentioned below:

    1. Removes oxide from the surface.2. Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the joining and provides

    a liquid cover including air gap.

    3. Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering operation.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    25/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    PCB LAYOUT

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    26/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    COMPONENT VIEW

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    27/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    APPLICATION

    Remote controlled Fan Regulator is used to control the speed of fanfrom our bed or couch.

    The same circuit finds its use to control the Intensity of light at variouslevels.

    This circuit also finds it use for switching ON and OFF any electroniccircuit.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    28/30

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    ADVANTAGES

    This circuit is simple to use and efficient. It can be assembled with ease. It is cheap and hence very economic. It is small in size.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    29/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    CONCLUSION

    With the knowledge of new techniques in Electronics we are able to make

    our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in

    REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR.

    The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the

    intensity of light can be controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can

    be controlled in five levels from off position to maximum intensity possible.

    So it finds use as a night lamp by keeping the intensity of lamp in low level.

    The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic

    circuitry. Our normal T.V remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is

    very useful or a real help to old age and sick people, since they can control

    the speed from the place where they are sitting.

    We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to

    present it before this prosperous world.

  • 5/27/2018 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    30/3

    Mini Project 2009 Remote Controlled Fan Regulator

    METS School of Engineering Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

    REFERENCE

    www.electronicsforyou.com www.howstuffworks.com www.wikipedia.org Electronics for You Magazine Electronic Devices and CircuitsJ. B.Gupta Linear Integrated circuitsGaykwad