remote
DESCRIPTION
NiceTRANSCRIPT
1 Project Objective
This project wants to achieve the design, construct and operate a large remote camp to
accommodate 12,000 persons in south Iraq.
The remote camp will be used as Shell's personnel transit center, training center and
emergency rescue center, etc. and further support its Middle East market exploitation.
Therefore, the remote camp shall be established a safe, comfortable and sustainable
residential area as key for the design.
Due to the site selection has not confirmed yet, situations of this camp would be
assumed as ‘Island’ without existing infrastructure provisions available.
2 Design philosophy
2.1 Human oriented, safety first
Combining local factors, political environment and experience of similar project, we
adopt appropriate security measures to guarantee human safety.
After consideration of local residents for living, working and culture demands of local
residents, we aim to design a comfortable environmental space and convenient living
facilities and strengthen their sense of belonging.
2.2 Phased construction and flexible planning
Phased construction is considered according as per the project headcount.
The planning shall be laid emphasis on changes in terms of scale, structure and layout,
propose flexible develop planning under integral control, put forward a planning
scheme enabling alternative land use, public service facilities and leave room for
growth of various functions.
2.3 Standardization, Modularization and Industrialization
By means of standardized and modularized design for buildings and facilities, format
reproducible, optional, compostable multi-polar modules, aiming to achieve various
combinations and function mode to adopt phased construction and development of the
camp.
After standardized and modularized design for buildings and facilities, create the
condition for plant construction.
2.4 Energy conservation, environment protection and sustainable development
Combining local environment and project demands, we provide economical and
suitable technical schemes which lay emphasis on environment protection as well.
A full life circle philosophy embracing design, construction, operation, modification
and demolishment are taken into account to provide a sustainable development.
2.5 Localization and internationalization
Full account of local natural conditions, political conditions, material supply,
construction and other factors to determine the safety, economic, reasonable and
viable technology and construction programs, taking into account the need for
international cooperation.
3 Planning and design
3.1 Planning and design method
Through the analysis of human social and behavior property (such as walking, resting,
neighborhood, group, community, etc.), obtain the spatial and environmental demand,
and then avail of modularization design philosophy, eventually form our basic idea
and method of "modules -blocks-groups"(see Figure 1).
Figure 1 "module -block-group" design method
3.2 Planning and design process
3.2.1 Functional partitioning
First, the whole camp is divided into 5 main functional areas:
1) Residence - 5 groups of resident inclusive, corresponding to 4 types of house.
2) Public service - includes catering, entertainment, service, leisure, training and
transport facilities, etc.
3) Auxiliary facilities - include office, storage, security, firefighting, electricity and
water, waste, etc.
4) Landscape and parking - landscaping of gathering spaces outdoors and all kinds of
parking lots.
5) Roads and Miscellaneous the others - roadways, sidewalks and other lands.
Residence is core function of all while the resting exists as its supporting and assistant
functions. Public service should vary with status differences except for those public
facilities serving all the residents; For auxiliary facilities, reasonable service radius
and development land should be taken into account meanwhile avoiding noise and
pollution; Landscape should provide various resting intercourse spaces for all types of
residents; Design of parking and road systems should take the entrance and
exit ,functional partition and traffic flows into account.
3.2.2 Phased construction
According to the projected headcount, scale and modes of phased construction are
obtained.
"Figure Projected Headcount" in the bidding shows that : there will be estimated 300
persons in October, 2017; the number reaches 1500 in January, 2019; gets to 6000 in
January 2020; then climbs to 10000-12000 in January, 2020 and steadily decline
since.
According to the projected headcount above, we divide the whole project into 4
phases to control one-time investment while meeting project demand. Related
auxiliary facilities for each phase should be equipped with to meet daily usage and
development requirements.
Some auxiliary facilities (such as water supply, drainage and garbage disposal, etc.)
need to be concentrated arranged to reduce their impact on surrounding environment,
to save land and to leave growth space as well. Land for these auxiliary facilities are
allotted to phase 1 due to its small population. However, facilities and equipment in
these auxiliary areas can be gradually installed along with project rolling forward.
Power generation and distribution and sewage lifting should be close to their load
centers, meanwhile, constructed by stage and by area.
3.2.3 Groups
We divided the residential land into several residential groups according to functional
partition and population demands, in which public service and auxiliary facilities of
corresponding amount are equipped, which ensures each group running
independently.
Due to its small population and high demand for service, manager residences
constitute an independent group; the remaining populations of different statuses are
proportionally mixed and then form mixed groups. As we are short of specific
personal ratio for each phase ,we assume that population of all kinds is allotted to
each group at equal proportion.
Public service, auxiliary facilities, landscape and parking area should be intensively
arranged respectively .Among them, public service facilities serving all residents
should be located at the center part of the camp for easy access; Concentrated
auxiliary facility area should be arranged at the edge of the camp.
Scale function and outline of each group could be adjusted according to practical
demand.
3.2.4 Blocks
Each group is sub-divided into blocks to lodge different types of residents to have less
interruption. Public service facilities are located at the center block of the group to
cover as many blocks as possible.
Blocks of different scale and function are chosen to form various group to suit
demands of project and its development.
3.2.5 Modules
Different blocks comprise different modules, which can be duplicated, grown and
transformed.
Modularization structures of the camp see Figure 2
Figure 2 Modularization formation diagram
Block of service
Blocks of residence
Modules of plot
Modules of facilities
Modules of building
Modules of
building
Modules of
building
Modules of building
Modules of plot
Modules of facilities
Modules of building
Groups of other
residences
Block of service
Group of auxiliary facilities
Group of public service
Camp
Group of manager residences
Blocks of residence
Modules of container
Referring to previous engineering, modularization design is adopted to residential
building, using basic container modules to constitute single buildings of different
levels and dimensions to accommodate a variety of residents.
3.3 General layout
Basing on the design philosophy and methods above, we provide two general layouts
according to different schemes of residential building modularization.
The two schemes are similar to each other in terms of design philosophy ,functional
partition and phased construction. For both of the two schemes, latticed structure from
constitution of modules is adopted where roads of different level divide the camp into
a series of groups and blocks further. This kind of latticed layout is neat and
compacted in appearance, meanwhile, has a clear and close functional partition.
Major differences between the two schemes lay in:
In Scheme 1 (see Figure 3-5) single-storied containers are used for workers dorm
building and two-storied container for the rest. This type of two-storied container
building could be replaced by fabricated steel structure buildings if it is too expensive
and difficult to construct. The advantage of Scheme 1 is its small land occupancy and
it creates a better view due to its height difference in architecture. A larger budget and
harder construction are the major disadvantages of Scheme 1.
Scheme 1 has a total area of 1679616㎡(168ha, 1296m×1296m). Phase 1 consisting
of manager residential group and concentrated auxiliary group, having a capacity of
600 persons, containing main access and logistics access as well. Center service group
and mixed residential group near the main access would be constructed in phase 2,
can accommodate 1704 persons then. Two mixed groups close to the center service
group would be built in phase 3, promoting its capacity to 5802. The rest 3 mixed
residential groups would be completed in phase 4, and the total population would
reach 12000.
Figure 3 General layout, Scheme 1
Figure 4 Group modularization, Scheme1 Figure 5 Phased construction ,Scheme 1
In Scheme 2 (see Figure 6-8) all residential buildings are single-storied container
architectures, its high modularization and single-story structure because its lower
budget and easier construction but a bigger land occupancy. Moreover, this kind of
layout creates a pubic activity space and intercourse space compared with scheme 2.
Scheme 2 has a total area of 2101176 ㎡ (2101ha, 1386m×1516m). Phase 1
consisting of mixed residential group and concentrated auxiliary group, having a
capacity of 756 persons , containing main access and logistics access as well .Center
service group ,its adjacent part of managers residential group and mixed residential
group would be constructed in phase 2,can accommodate 2928 persons then. Left
managers group and 2 mixed groups close would be built in phase 3, promoting its
capacity to 6984.The rest 2 mixed residential groups would be completed in phase 4,
and the total population would reach 12000.
Figure 6 General layout, Scheme 2
Figure 7 Group modularization, Scheme2 Figure 8 Phased construction ,Scheme2
3.4 Function analysis
The camp is divided into
blocks by grip pattern
roads;
The whole came centers
on core leisure area;
Each residential group
centers on its service and
activity block;
Managers, engineers and
supervisors live in the
blocks that are close to
center leisure area;
Workers living blocks
are located at the outer
part of the camp, but close to Figure 9 Function analysis, Scheme 1
the center of respective group.
Each living block is equipped with self-service laundry, commercial laundry is set
at core block;
Independent power generation and distribution and sewage lifting device are
equipped in each group;
Concentrated auxiliary
facility area and its
access are located at the
edge of the camp;
Gathering area and
concentrated landscape
area are set at core area
and main entrance;
Worship is located at
core area near gathering
area;
Bus stops are set for
every group, bus
terminal and parking lots
are located at main
entrance.
Figure 10 Function analysis, Scheme 2
3.5 Road transportation
3.5.1 Road system
The grip pattern roads of the camp can connect groups and blocks with each other and
ensure firefighting safety, the road system can be classified into 4 levels.
Main road: connecting groups, red line 32m, with a 3m width sidewalk, 4m width
bicycle lane and 2m green belt on each side, 14m width roadway(2 lanes).
Figure 11 Section of main road
Ring road: Set up along the inner side of camp fence, red line 20m, with 3m sidewalk
on each side, 14m roadway(2 lanes)
Secondary road: Internal roads of each group, red line 10m, with 3m sidewalk on each
side, 4m roadway(lane for fire-fighting)
Sidewalks: Connect buildings in the same block, 2m width.
Road structure: Asphalt road for roadways and sidewalk-bricks for sidewalks.
3.5.2 Entrance and exit
Basing on its large land occupancy and population, entrance and exit is set up on each
side of the camp to ensure smooth flows of vehicles and pedestrians.
There are parking lots for private vehicles, visiting vehicles and office vehicles near
the main entrance.
Logistic entrance for warehouse logistics, maintenance construction, firefighting and
security is set up near the concentrated facility area.
The other two entrances and exit can meet the requirement of evacuation under
emergent situation.
3.5.3 Bus system
Bus stops are distributed in every group, together with bus terminal and bus parking
lot at main entrance constitute an integrated bus system .Locations of bus stops
through routes optimization can minimize cross interference.
3.5 Landscape
Large size landscapes are set near main entrance and central area of the camp
providing a beautiful and pleasant view.
Inside each group, combinations of courtyards, landscapes and buildings create
relatively private space.
Native plants of different heights or species should be planted in a matching way at an
appropriate density, which would increase survival rate and create a layering view
while harmonious with the architecture and environment.
4 Architectures
We aim to provide a human oriented architecture design creating private comfortable
and convenient living environment.
According to local circumstance, buildings use various structures such as
prefabricated part, prefabricate, container or modular building unit that can be
industrial produced , standardized construction and reused .
4.1 Container architecture
Container architecture is a new-style welded trailer coach which is easy to transport,
install and move. Due to its low cost and convenient installment; it is widely used as
temporary office, accommodation and kitchen, etc. In this project, container
architecture is mainly used as accommodation.
4.1.1 Main features
1)Mobility: Removable and reusable.
2)Rapid construction:short schedule,foundation free.
3)Safety:Steel framed structure, resistant to earthquakes and Typhoon.
4)Durability: Can resist both corrosion during long sea voyage and high temperature
exposure in desert area, has a long life up to 20 years
5)High weight capacity, stackable and stable attachments.
6)Good heat and sound insulation and reliably sealing.
7)High performance, low cost.
4.1.2 Interior trim
1)Floor: lay composite floor on top of 18mm thick fibred cement plate for living
room; 2mm thick Aluminum embossed sheet for bathroom.
2)Interior wall and ceiling: 12mm thick fibred cement plate painted latex paint,or
decorated with high density fiberboard for living room; 50mm thick polystyrene
sandwich steel plate for bathroom.
4.1.3 Heat preservation
Fill the wall and roof with 100mm thick rock wool, unit weight 26Kg/m3, as shown in
Figure 11.
Figure 11 Sketch of container building wall
4.1.4 Doors and windows
Refrigerator door and double-paned windows are used for good heat preservation and
air-tightness,steel shield could be used to keep out the sunshine and rain.
4.2 Accommodation
According to the bidding document, there are 5 types of resident inclusive,
corresponding to 4 types of house.
Modularized architectures through transformation and connection of containers
accommodate all types of personnel .Dimension of the modular container is
3.5m×12m.
Architecture schemes 1: Separate house or room for every person. All use two-storied
buildings (container or fabricated steel structure) except for workers single-storied
container buildings.
Architecture schemes 1: All use single-storied container buildings to lower the budget,
use double en-suited and quad room (bunk bed) and different furniture for residents of
various levels.
Use reinforced concrete foundation (precast or cast-in-place) for both of the two
schemes above.
4.2.1 Accommodation for Manager
Managers accommodation is executive single en-suited room with bedroom, living
room and bathroom..
Scheme 1 :Two-storied piled up container building ,its usable area is 36.5 ㎡ /person
(public area excluded).
Scheme 2 :Single-storied container building free of extra public transportation
area ,its usable area is 42㎡/person.
Figure 12 Standard room, Scheme 1 Figure 13 Standard room, Scheme 2
4.2.2 Accommodation for Managers
Managers’ accommodation is single en-suited room with bedroom and bathroom.
Scheme 1: Two-storied piled up container building ,its usable area is 18.03
㎡/person(public area excluded).
Scheme 2: Single-storied container building free of extra public transportation
area ,its usable area is 21㎡/person.
Figure 14 Standard room,Scheme 1 Figure 15 Standard room, Scheme 2
4.2.3 Accommodation For Engineer and Supervise
Engineer and Supervise accommodation is double en-suited room with bedroom and a
shared bathroom
Scheme 1: Two-storied piled up container building with 2 bedrooms and a shared
bathroom ,its usable area is 10.5㎡/person(public area excluded).
Scheme 2: Two-storied piled up container building with 2 bedrooms and a shared
bathroom free of extra public transportation area ,its usable area is 10.5
㎡/person(public area excluded).
Figure 16 Standard room,Scheme 1 Figure 17 Standard room, Scheme 2
4.2.4 Accommodation For Workers
Workers accommodation is single-storied container building.
Scheme 1: 3 bedrooms and a shared living room and a shared bathroom, its usable
area is 7㎡/person.
Scheme 2: Bunk bed room ,4 worker share a bedroom and a bathroom, its usable area
is 5.3㎡/person.
Figure 18 Standard room,Scheme 1 Figure 19 Standard room, Scheme 2
Due to the less usable
area of workers
accommodation,
independent public
activity rooms
(container) are provided, see Figure 20. Figure 20 Workers accommodation
combination sketch
4.2 Dining
There is public canteen in center area and each group has its own canteen, different
kitchen utensils (Western food, Chinese food or Muslim food) are equipped according
to religious faith of residents. Each kitchen has separate cold working area, hot
working area and storage area.
Center area public canteen: Has a 2000 ㎡ covered area. Serve different types
(nationalities) of foods for 800-1000 people in separate dining areas. Two-storied steel
structure architecture with a grid structure roof and independent reinforced concrete
foundation.
Group canteen: Its scale varies with population in the group but at least for 1/3 of
group' population at a 2㎡/person estimated area.
4.3 Amenities
Comprehensive service center is located in the center area of the camp including
supermarket, laundry, bank, post office and salon, etc. Service center of each group
has stores, clinic, coffee house, library and internet bar in it. Laundry and smoking
shed are set up at certain blocks as well.
Medical center located at the center area of the camp is to provide medical service for
people of all the camp having a 1200 ㎡ covered area ,and it is equipped with
ambulances. Firefighting emergency center is arranged in the concentrated auxiliary
facilities area, near to the firefighting pump house. It has firefighting control room,
office room and parking lot and training field.
Worship is also in the center area, surrounding by gathering space and landscapes. It
has a 1050㎡ covered area and can hold worship of 500 persons.
Buildings above are large steel structure architectures with grip structure roof and
independent reinforced concrete foundation except for the laundry.
4.4 Leisure & Recreation
A 2000㎡ gym is in the center area to provide leisure and recreation space including
indoors sports such as basketball ,volleyball ,table tennis and bowling ,etc. Together
with outdoors sports fields and swimming pools, it is part of sports center.
Each group has its own activity center for sports and leisure such as basketball, table
tennis and bowling, surfing and music, etc.
Gym is large steel structure architecture with grip structure roof and independent
reinforced concrete foundation. Activity center has a steel structure and independent
reinforced concrete foundation.
4.5 Training
Training center is set up in the center area near gathering space, with outdoor training
space. Training center is a two-storied architecture of steel structure with grip
structure roof and independent reinforced concrete foundation and it can hold 300
persons and covers an area of 1200㎡(4㎡/person workstation).
4.6 Facility Management (FM)
Facility management building is in the concentrated auxiliary facilities area, covering
an area of 1200 ㎡ . It has a steel structure and independent reinforced concrete
foundation.
4.7 Storage and Warehousing
A 600 ㎡ thermostat storage and two 1200 ㎡ regular storages are arranged in
concentrated auxiliary facilities area to guarantee the normal operation of the camp.
All storage buildings above are large steel structure architectures with grip structure
roof and independent reinforced concrete foundation
4.8 Security
To meet the demands of office and training of 200 security personnel ,there is a
security building set up in concentrated auxiliary facilities area ,equipped with
surveillance center , outdoor gathering space and parking lot. It covers an area of 1200
㎡ and has a steel structure and independent reinforced concrete foundation.
5 Security measures
5.1 Fence
Referring to similar engineering of that area, design of the fence has taken terrorism
attack in full account.
Ditch and berm are out of metal fence, inside the fence is 3m height reinforced T-Wall
with lamp on top of it. Weld mesh is used on top of all fences to prevent climbing,
patrol lane is set along the fence and at inner corners of T-Wall are the security
observation towers at maximum spacing of 400, as shown in Figure 21.
Figure 21 Fence sketch
Separate distance between fence and internal activity places should be no less than 50
m to protect against explosion hazard.
5.2 Gates
There are guard house and gates with roadway and pedestrian way at main entrance,
outside the gates are buster slab and obstacle-walls to protect against bullets and
slamming into the camp .In addition, shelter is arranged near the guard house.
Security check area big enough for a tank or car should be set at vehicle entrance for
explosive and hazard check with T-wall on both sides.
Swing door and security check room should be set up at pedestrian
entrance .Fingerprint reader could be used if possible.
5.3 Shelter
Reinforced concrete shelter should be arranged at activity places providing shield
against shooting and explosion.
Figure 22 Shelter sketch
5.4 Height of buildings
All buildings are under two-story .High and crowed buildings are located at the inner
side to avoid being seen through from outside of the camp.
5.5 Monitoring system
5.6 safety management
Except for necessary security personnel and facilities, thorough
safety management system should be built to further safeguard the camp. For
instance, set various warning and evacuation signs and organize regular fire, anti-
terrorist and first-aid drills.