reminders exam ii next thursday, april 14! practice exam posted on website - same format as first...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
213 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REMINDERS
• Exam II next Thursday, April 14!
• Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam –
Multiple Choice & Short Answer
• Review session (Q & A only) Tuesday, April 12 @ 7 pm
Location: normal lecture hall in Physics
![Page 2: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
REMINDERS
• Exam II next Thursday, April 14!
• Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam –
Multiple Choice & Short Answer
• Review session (Q & A only) Tuesday, April 12 @ 7 pm
Location: normal lecture hall in Physics
![Page 3: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
REMINDERS
• Exam II next Thursday, April 14!
• Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam –
Multiple Choice & Short Answer
• Review session (Q & A only) Tuesday, April 12 @ 7 pm
Location: normal lecture hall in Physics
![Page 4: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Discussion REVIEW plan
• 1 Chapters covered
• 2 Main equations to know
• 3 Brief overview & summary
• 4 Sample discussion questions
• 5 Sample multiple choice
![Page 5: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Material Covered
• Chapter 5 – Light, interaction with matter, telescopes
• Chapter 10 – The Sun • Chapter 11 – Stars – overview / properties• Chapter 12 – Stellar evolution• Chapter 13 – Deaths of stars
• Textbook, lecture notes, discussion section activities!
![Page 6: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Important Relations
E = hc / λ = h * frequencyphoton
T ~ 1 / λ peak
distance = 1 / parallax
L = 4 π r σ T ~ r T 2 24 4
Brightness or Flux ~ 1 / (distance)2
L ~ M3
![Page 7: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Key things to Memorize:
• Equations already mentioned• EM spectrum• HR diagram (most time on main sequence)• Life cycle of a low & high mass stars• Stellar Cutoffs – 8 M, 2 M, 1.4 M, 3 M• Types of spectra & how they are formed• Structure of our SUN• What makes the sun shine? Evidence for nuclear fusion
in the core.• H fusion – (4 H → 1 He + energy + neutrinos)• Spectral Sequence, luminosity class - OBAFGKM
![Page 8: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Key Concepts:
• Longer wavelength photon → lower E
• Shorter wavelength photon → higher E
• Hydrostatic Equilibrium– Radiation pressure, degeneracy pressure
(electron and neutron) vs. gravity
• Doppler Effect
• Distance determination – distance modulus, parallax
![Page 9: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Key Concepts (continued):• Bohr atomic model – explaining
absorption/emission through electron transitions
• Telescopes improve with collecting area and angular resolution
• Positive nuclei repel, so high T required in stellar cores for fusion of heavier and heavier elements
• Solar thermostat
• Main sequence is a sequence of MASS
![Page 10: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Essay topics may include:
• Describe the evolution of a low mass/high mass star
• Draw and label an HR diagram
• Emission/Absorption/Continuous spectra – Describe how each is produced
• Newton’s form of Kepler’s 3rd law – calculating stellar masses
• Binary star systems
![Page 11: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Essay topics may include:
• Inverse square law (Flux vs. Luminosity)• Doppler shift• Describe Heliocentric Parallax and discuss
the limits of this method• Why do we put telescopes into space?• Why does the sun shine?• What is the sun’s structure?
![Page 12: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other stuff to emphasize:
![Page 13: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Know GENERAL idea ONLY:
![Page 14: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Concept Overview & Summary
![Page 15: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The electromagnetic spectrumFigure 3.5
Identify the following portions of theElectromagnetic spectrum:
A B D EC
![Page 16: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The electromagnetic spectrumFigure 3.5
Which end of the spectrum is more energetic, A or B? Why?
A B
![Page 17: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Gamma raysX-raysUltravioletVisibleInfraredMicrowavesRadio
SHORT Wavelength ( λ ) HI Frequency ( ν or f )
LONG Wavelength ( λ ) LOW Frequency ( ν or f )
![Page 18: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
These two pictures describe what?
“photon”wave
&
![Page 19: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Light has a DUAL NATURE!
“photon”wave
&
Energy of photon = (Planck’s constant) x (frequency) or (c / λ)
![Page 20: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
If the Hydrogen
gas cloud is moving towards
Earth, the absorption line marked will shift in
which direction?
BA
An absorption line of Hydrogen measured at rest
![Page 21: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How do light and matter interact?KNOW THESE DEFINITIONS!
• Emission
• Absorption
• Transmission
• Reflection or Scattering
![Page 22: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electromagnetic radiationFigure 3.8What does this diagram illustrate?
![Page 23: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What types of light spectra can we observe?
1. Continuous spectra
2. Absorption spectra
3. Emission spectra
![Page 24: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Which is the absorption spectra?
![Page 25: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Which is the continuous spectra?
![Page 26: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Which is the emission spectra?
![Page 27: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
BLUE
Yellow
RED
BLACK
Which spectrum is coming from the coolest object?
![Page 30: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BLUE
Yellow
RED
BLACK
At what wavelength does the peak of the yellowspectrum lie? What type of star might this be?
![Page 31: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
BLUE
Yellow
RED
BLACK
Is the star producing the yellow or red spectrum hotter? Why?
![Page 32: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BLUE
Yellow
RED
BLACK
Which spectrum is coming from the hottest object?
![Page 33: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Which star is more luminous?
T = 15,000 KRadius = 1 unit T = 15,000 K
Radius = 2 units
![Page 34: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Which star is more luminous?
T = 3,000 KRadius = 1 unit
T = 15,000 KRadius = 1 unit
![Page 35: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Which star is more luminous?
T = 3,000 KRadius = 7 units
T = 12,000 KRadius = 1 unit
![Page 36: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
REMEMBER!
Luminosity of a star is intrinsic.
Depends on Temperature & Radius.
L ~ R T 2 4
![Page 37: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
For which stars would we observe a Doppler Shift?
A
B
C
![Page 38: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Doppler shiftFigure 3.18
![Page 39: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Doppler Effect Summary
Motion toward or away from an observer causes a
shift in the observed wavelength of light:
• blueshift (shorter wavelength)
motion _______ you
• redshift (longer wavelength) motion AWAY
from you
• greater shift greater speed
![Page 40: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Doppler Effect Summary
Motion toward or away from an observer causes a
shift in the observed wavelength of light:
• blueshift (shorter wavelength) motion toward
you
• redshift (longer wavelength)
motion ______ from you
• greater shift greater speed
![Page 41: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
How do telescopes help us learn about the universe?
• Telescopes collect more light than our eyes light-collecting area
• Telescopes can see more detail than our eyes angular resolution
• Telescopes/instruments can detect light that is invisible to our eyes (e.g., infrared, ultraviolet)
![Page 42: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Angular Resolution
• The minimum angular separation that the telescope can distinguish.
![Page 43: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What is this diagram illustrating?
![Page 45: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Why can parallax only be used for nearby stars?
![Page 46: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Are the emission lines locatedin the UV part of the spectrum or
the IR part of the spectrum?
![Page 47: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Is it on FIRE?
Which is the correct explanation for the sun’s shining?
Is it CONTRACTING?
Is it powered by NUCLEAR ENERGY?
![Page 48: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
E = mc?
- Einstein, 1905
In Einstein’s famous equation, what should the exponent be?
This means that a ‘lil bit of mass can be converted to a LOT of energy
![Page 49: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The balance of the inward force of gravity with the outward force of pressure due to radiation is referred to as ?
![Page 50: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Solar wind
A) Corona
B) ChromosphereC) Photosphere
D) Core
Give the approximateTemperatures of eachOf these layers.
![Page 51: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
What enables nuclei to overcome repulsion and get close enough to fuse in the core of a star?
![Page 52: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Sun releases energy by fusing four hydrogen nuclei into what?
?
![Page 53: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
IN4 protons
OUT4He nucleus2 positrons
2 gamma rays2 _______????
What else results besides a He
nucleus?
Total mass is 0.7% lower
![Page 54: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Solar Thermostat
Temperature Restored
Temperature Decreases
Fusion Rate (Increases or Decreases)?
Core (compresses or expands)?
![Page 55: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
How does the energy from fusion get out of the Sun?
![Page 56: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Why do sunspots appear dark on the surface of the sun?
![Page 59: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Number of sunspots rises and falls in cycle of ________ years.
![Page 60: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
A difference between an ultraviolet photon and a radio photon is that
• A. the energy of the radio photon is
greater
• B. only the radio photon is an
electromagnetic wave
• C. only the ultraviolet photon is an
electromagnetic wave
• D. the energy of the ultraviolet photon is greater
• E. none of the answers are correct
![Page 61: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
A difference between an ultraviolet photon and a radio photon is that
• A. the energy of the radio photon is
greater
• B. only the radio photon is an
electromagnetic wave
• C. only the ultraviolet photon is an
electromagnetic wave
• D. the energy of the ultraviolet photon is greater
• E. none of the answers are correct
![Page 62: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The speed of a radio wave is
• A. the speed of sound
• B. slower than the speed of light
• C. slower than the speed of sound
• D. the speed of light
• E. none of the above
![Page 63: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The speed of a radio wave is
• A. the speed of sound
• B. slower than the speed of light
• C. slower than the speed of sound
• D. the speed of light
• E. none of the above
![Page 64: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The sun
• A. is composed of ionized gas that is mostly
neon
• B. is composed of molecular gas that is mostly
neon
• C. is composed of ionized gas that is mostly
hydrogen
• D. is composed of molecular gas that is
mostly hydrogen
![Page 65: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The sun
• A. is composed of ionized gas that is mostly
neon
• B. is composed of molecular gas that is mostly
neon
• C. is composed of ionized gas that is mostly
hydrogen
• D. is composed of molecular gas that is
mostly hydrogen
![Page 66: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
The energy source for the sun is
• A. combustion of hydrocarbons
• B. solar flares
• C. nuclear fission, the splitting of two
hydrogen atoms
• D. nuclear fusion, the joining of two
hydrogen atoms
• E. combustion of hydrogen
![Page 67: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The energy source for the sun is
• A. combustion of hydrocarbons
• B. solar flares
• C. nuclear fission, the splitting of two
hydrogen atoms
• D. nuclear fusion, the joining of two
hydrogen atoms
• E. combustion of hydrogen
![Page 68: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The layer of the sun that emits most of the light we see is
• A. the corona
• B. the chromosphere
• C. the photosphere
• D. none of the answers are correct
![Page 69: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The layer of the sun that emits most of the light we see is
• A. the corona
• B. the chromosphere
• C. the photosphere
• D. none of the answers are correct
![Page 70: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Electromagnetic radiation from astronomical objects can be studied from the surface of the Earth in which part of
the spectrum?
• A. gamma-rays
• B. x-rays
• C. radio
![Page 71: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Electromagnetic radiation from astronomical objects can be studied from the surface of the Earth in which part of
the spectrum?
• A. gamma-rays
• B. x-rays
• C. radio
![Page 72: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
The hotter an object
• A. the brighter it appears at all wavelengths, and the longer the wavelength at which it appears brightest• B. the shorter the wavelength at which it appears brightest• C. The brighter it appears at all wavelengths, and the shorter the wavelength at which it appears brightest• D. the longer the wavelength at which it appears brightest• E. the brighter it appears at all wavelengths
![Page 73: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The hotter an object
• A. the brighter it appears at all wavelengths, and the longer the wavelength at which it appears brightest• B. the shorter the wavelength at which it appears brightest• C. The brighter it appears at all wavelengths, and the shorter the wavelength at which it appears brightest• D. the longer the wavelength at which it appears brightest• E. the brighter it appears at all wavelengths
![Page 74: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Heat affects wavelength Figure 3.6
![Page 75: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
An object emits an emission line spectrum. If the object moves towards
an observer,• A. the observed emission lines shift to
shorter wavelengths
• B. the observed emission lines shift to longer
wavelengths
• C. the emission line spectrum shifts to a
continuous spectrum
• D. the emission line spectrum shifts to
an absorption line spectrum
![Page 76: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
An object emits an emission line spectrum. If the object moves towards
an observer,• A. the observed emission lines shift to
shorter wavelengths
• B. the observed emission lines shift to longer
wavelengths
• C. the emission line spectrum shifts to a
continuous spectrum
• D. the emission line spectrum shifts to
an absorption line spectrum
![Page 77: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
The hottest part of the solar atmosphere
• A. found in sunspots
• B. is the photosphere
• C. is the corona
• D. is the chromosphere
![Page 78: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
The hottest part of the solar atmosphere
• A. found in sunspots
• B. is the photosphere
• C. is the corona
• D. is the chromosphere
![Page 79: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Which of the following is ordered by increasing wavelength?
• A. infrared, visible, radio, gamma-ray
• B. visible, infrared, radio, gamma-ray
• C. gamma-ray, visible, infrared, radio
• D. radio, visible, infrared, gamma-ray
![Page 80: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Which of the following is ordered by increasing wavelength?
• A. infrared, visible, radio, gamma-ray
• B. visible, infrared, radio, gamma-ray
• C. gamma-ray, visible, infrared, radio
• D. radio, visible, infrared, gamma-ray
![Page 81: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
An atom is ionized if
• A. it has lost a proton
• B. it has lost an electron
• C. it has lost a neutron
• D. it has absorbed a photon
![Page 82: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
An atom is ionized if
• A. it has lost a proton
• B. it has lost an electron
• C. it has lost a neutron
• D. it has absorbed a photon
![Page 83: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding photosphere because
• A. they have a carbonaceous composition
• B. they have an icy composition
• C. they are cooler than their surroundings
• D. they are shadowed from coronal
radiation
![Page 84: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding photosphere because
• A. they have a carbonaceous composition
• B. they have an icy composition
• C. they are cooler than their surroundings
• D. they are shadowed from coronal
radiation
![Page 85: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
High mass stars have shorter lifetimes than low mass stars because high mass
stars• A. have luminosities that are far larger than low
mass stars
• B. have less hydrogen than low mass stars
• C. have less helium than low mass stars
• D. release less energy per nuclear reaction
than low mass stars
![Page 86: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
High mass stars have shorter lifetimes than low mass stars because high mass
stars• A. have luminosities that are far larger than low
mass stars
• B. have less hydrogen than low mass stars
• C. have less helium than low mass stars
• D. release less energy per nuclear reaction
than low mass stars
![Page 87: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
If the Sun were replaced by a black hole of the same mass,
• A. a great sucking sound would be heard
• B. the Earth would continue to orbit pretty much
as it does now
• C. the Earth would fall directly towards the
black hole
• D. the Earth would spiral into the black hole
over the next 1000 years
![Page 88: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
If the Sun were replaced by a black hole of the same mass,
• A. a great sucking sound would be heard
• B. the Earth would continue to orbit pretty much
as it does now
• C. the Earth would fall directly towards the
black hole
• D. the Earth would spiral into the black hole
over the next 1000 years
![Page 89: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
The most common stars are
• A. lower main sequence stars
• B. supergiants
• C. giants
• D. upper main sequence stars
• E. neutron stars
![Page 90: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
The most common stars are
• A. lower main sequence stars
• B. supergiants
• C. giants
• D. upper main sequence stars
• E. neutron stars
![Page 91: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Main sequence stars
• A. are stars which have no hydrogen or
helium
• B. have nuclear fusion of hydrogen
occurring in their cores
• C. are stars which are mostly made of
hydrogen
• D. are stars found in spiral arms
![Page 92: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Main sequence stars
• A. are stars which have no hydrogen or
helium
• B. have nuclear fusion of hydrogen
occurring in their cores
• C. are stars which are mostly made of
hydrogen
• D. are stars found in spiral arms
![Page 93: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
A planetary nebula is
• A. produced by a supernova explosion
• B. a nebula within which planets are
forming
• C. the expelled outer envelope of a
medium mass star
• D. a cloud of hot gas surrounding a planet
![Page 94: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
A planetary nebula is
• A. produced by a supernova explosion
• B. a nebula within which planets are
forming
• C. the expelled outer envelope of a
medium mass star
• D. a cloud of hot gas surrounding a planet
![Page 95: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
The density of a __________ is greater than the density of a ___________.
• A. neutron star, black hole
• B. pulsar, neutron star
• C. pulsar, white dwarf
• D. white dwarf, pulsar
• E. white dwarf, black hole
![Page 96: REMINDERS Exam II next Thursday, April 14! Practice exam posted on website - Same format as first exam – Multiple Choice & Short Answer Review session](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649d7b5503460f94a5f759/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
The density of a __________ is greater than the density of a ___________.
• A. neutron star, black hole
• B. pulsar, neutron star
• C. pulsar, white dwarf
• D. white dwarf, pulsar
• E. white dwarf, black hole