THREE R’S AND AN M: REMEMBERING WHAT

YOU’VE READ AND HEARD

LUNCH AND LEARNSTUDENT SUCCESS

Do you think that reading your textbook and

studying are the same thing?

Or… do you have trouble

remembering what you have read?

READING VS. STUDYING

Requires that you put the material into your own words

Making sense of what you have read

Annotation

Critical thinking

REFLECTING:THINKING ABOUT INFORMATION

REHEARSING: GETTING INFO INTO YOUR MEMORY

Acting on information in a way that it moves from STM to LTM

Two basic ways of rehearsingSay it againGet it in writing

REHEARSING: GETTING INFO INTO YOUR MEMORY

Say it againRepeat the information to yourself over and over

Get it in writingConcept CardsConcept MapsChartsTime LinesQuestions and Answers

CONCEPT CARDS

1. On the front of the concept (flash) card, put the term you want to learn

2. Under the term, put the page in the text where more information can be found

3. In the upper-right-hand corner, put a word or phrase that helps you organize the information by providing the larger concept

4. On the back of the card, write all the important information you need to remember-definition, examples, etc

5. When you rehearse, look at the front of the card, say the term and all of the information you should know about it- Flip the card over to see how much information you remembered

Memory

Short-Term Memory

p. 322

-brief-lasts only ~30 sec-capacity = 7 +/- 2 items-chunking helps keep add. Info in STMEx – 555-1085 (last 4 digits are my birthday month and year)

CONCEPT MAP

Outlines that are constructed in such a way that you can see how information is related

CHARTS

Charts are a good rehearsal strategy to use when you know you will have to compare and/or contrast information

STM LTM

Purpose Stores info for brief periods

Store info for long periods

Length ~30 sec Unlimited

Capacity 7 +/- 2 items Unlimited, never fills up

Role of rehearsal

Maintenance reh.-“refreshes” info in STM

Elaborative reh. -Necessary to get info to LTM

TIME LINES

Time lines are used only when you have information you need to know in chronological order

Include more information- not just the event, but the event was important to know

Date

Events and Impacts

1971 Nixon installs secret tape recorder in White House. Wants to stop info leaks out of WH. Washington Post begins publishing the Pentagon Papers

1972 Fiver burglars arrested in Democrats national office at Watergate hotel trying to place “bugs.” GOP aide among those arrested. Nixon reelected with large majority vote.

1973 Former Nixon aides Liddy and McCord are convicted. Senate hearing on Watergate begin. VP Agnew resigns due to charges of tax evasion. Nixon ordered to turn over WH tapes---missing 18.5 minutes go unexplained

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Begin with traditional question words/ If you know your test will focus mostly on memorizing info, concentrate on questions that begin with who, what, where, and when.

If the test questions will be more thinking and synthesis questions, write quite a few why and how questions

Use the right format. Put your questions on the left-hand side of your paper and the answers on the right.

When you study, cover up the answer to the question and talk through the info.

Uncover the answer to see how accurate and complete your talk through was.

Use highlighter to mark questions that you need to spend more time on.

Questions Answers

Define and give an example of chunking.

Chunking is the grouping of items together so that you can increase the capacity of STMEx. Telephone #

Why would you have trouble remembering this sequence of letters in your STM:imagoodstudent?

Because 14 pieces of info exceeds the capacity of STM. It only holds 7+/- 2 pieces of info

Reviewing helps you to hold onto the info you’ve learned

Ways to review:Talk-Through Cards

Study Group

REVIEWING: KEEPING INFO IN MEMORY

Talk-Through Cards

Use an index card and list the key pieces of info you need to remember in an organized way.

How much info you will put on your cards depends on the topics-for a difficult concept, you might just talk through one or two pieces of info per card.

Memory3 Processes

1. Encoding 2. Storage 3. Retrieval

3 Types1. Sensory Store 2. Short-term (STM) 3. Long-Term(LTM) gatekeeper capacity capacity role of senses length duration processing role of chunking & ex role of rehearsal-

maintenance and elaborative

STUDY GROUPS

They include classmates, but not necessarily your good friends.They are relatively small. Five members is about the max any

group should have. All members pull their weight.The groups don’t take place of reflecting and rehearsing on your

own.Study groups are best used for reviewing info, for

troubleshooting difficult material, and for testing each other. If you have regular study group, meet at the same time and

place each week.

Professors expect you to be aware of any problems you are having understanding the material.

If you are not understanding the material you can ask the professor, get a tutor, or get help from another student in class. DON’T wait till the last minute to read over the material for your

test.

Make notes on any concepts you do not understand.

MONITORING YOUR LEARNING

Keep up with your reading and other assignments.

Think about your understanding of the concepts as you complete each assignment and hear lecture.

Evaluate your learning at the end of each study period by quickly talking through or summarizing what you have learned.

Be honest with yourself- if you don’t understand something, get help.

MORE ON MONITORING YOUR LEARNING