remembering 2o10’s earthquakes and tsunamis walter hays, global alliance for disaster reduction,...
TRANSCRIPT
REMEMBERING 2O10’s EARTHQUAKES
AND TSUNAMIS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
IMPACTED NATIONS
• Haiti, Chile (Pacific Rim Nations), Turkey, Indonesia, China, Iran, …
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010
• Over two hundred-twenty thousand people killed and even more injured.
• Millions of homes without power, damaged, or destroyed.
• Millions displaced, and their lives and livelihoods adversely affected.
• Importance of building codes with seismic design provisions highlighted.
• Infrastructure damaged and destroyed.
• Health care needs sharply increased.
• $ Tens of billions in insured and uninsured economic losses.
EARTHQUAKES
• HAITI
• CHILE
•TURKEY
•INDONESIA
•CHINA
•TAIWAN
•IRAN
M7.0 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES HAITI
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE’S POOREST NATION WITH 8 IN 10 AT
POVERTY LEVEL
4:53 p.m.; JANUARY 12, 2010
THE HAITI EARTHQUAKE AND THE CARIBBEAN PLATE
PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION IN A NATION OF NINE MILLION
DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION
SOCIETAL IMPACTS
• The lives of 3 million+ Haitians were adversely impacted.
• The Dominion Republic, Haiti’s neighbor, which experienced a M8.0 earthquake and tsunami in 1946 on a thrust fault, escaped with minimal impacts, but remains at high risk in future quakes.
CATASTROPHIC DEATH TOLL OF 220,000+
• The estimate of 220,000+ casualties became reality after burial in mass graves and search and rescue by Haitian and Int’l teams ended, and the rubble of thousands of collapsed buildings was cleared.
EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT AU PRINCE
COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING; PORT AU PRINCE
DEATH TOLL REACHED AN ESTIMATED 220,OOO+
INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
• Power was knocked out.
• Communication was disrupted.
• Utility service was interrupted.
• Roads were damaged.
• The airport’s control tower was badly damaged, limiting useage.
• The port was damaged.
PORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERS
HAITI’S POOREST OF THE POOR IN TENT CITIES FOR MONTHS
M8.8 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL CHILE:
3:34 am on February 27, 2010
Subduction Zone Quake 500 Times More Energy than the M7.0 Haiti Quake
800+ Deaths; 500+ Injured
Numerous Aftershocks
Tsunami Waves Travel Across Pacific
Estimated Loss: $30 Billion
LOCATION: 330 KM (200 MI) FROM SANTIAGO
LOCATION: 100 KM FROM CONCEPCION; 330 KM FROM SANTIAGO
The Chilean people had to cope with the demands associated with: 1) a mega-quake, 2) a vigorous aftershock sequence with large events, 3) tsunami wave run up, 4) looting by some of the affluent sector, and 5) recovery after the loss of 15 percent of the GDP.
DAMAGED BUILDING IN CONCEPCION
CONCEPCION: URGENT MASS CARE NEEDS
CONCEPCION: LOOTERS
CONCEPCION: ELEVATED HIGHWAY COLLAPSED
TSUNAMI(after the Chile earthquake)
• LOCAL AND PACIFIC- WIDE IMPACTS FROM THE FEBRUARY
27, 2010 CHILE EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI WAVES MOVE ACROSS THE PACIFIC
LOCAL TSUNAMI DAMAGE
M7.7 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES INDONESIA NEAR
EPICENTER OF 2004 QUAKE
SUBDUCTION ZONE OF SUNDA AND INDO-AUSTRALIA PLATES
5:15 AM, APRIL 7, 2010
This earthquake, although much less powerful than the 2004
earthquake, awakened memories of the December 26, 2004 earthquake
and Indian Ocean tsunami that killed over 216,000 people in 14 countries and caused losses of
over $10 B.
LOCATION
THE SLAB MODEL OF THE SUBDUCTION ZONE (USGS)
TOWN OF SINABANG (60 KM FROM EPICENTER)
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a watch for tsunamis
in Sumatra and Indian Ocean countries, but a destructive ocean
surge never happened.
M6.1 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES EASTERN TURKEY AT 4:32 AM
THREE VILLAGES DESTROYED ALONG WITH MANY FARM ANIMALS
AT LEAST 57 DEAD
MARCH 8, 2010
Turkey has a long history of damaging earthquakes.
The quake struck the in Elazig province at 4:32 am, leaving the
village of Okcular and two others devastated .
LOCATION MAP
The earthquake occurred near the intersection of the Northern Anatolian and the
East Anatolian faults.
NORTH AND EAST ANATOLIAN FAULTS
The pre-dawn earthquake struck as residents slept, shaking the poorly made buildings into piles of rubble and causing survivors to flee into the narrow streets to escape the aftershocks.
TRAPPED WHILE SLEEPING
OKCULAR: POOR CONSTRUCTION
AN INTRAPLATE, M6.9 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES
WESTERN CHINA
STRONG AFTERSHOCKS FOLLOWED THE MAIN SHOCK
7:49 AM OCCURRENCE WAS DEADLY FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN
APRIL 14, 2010
This earthquake didn't occur where the Indo-Australia and Eurasia plates meet; instead, it was an intraplate earthquake, occurring in the Tibetan plateau within
the Eurasian plate.
The Tibetan Plateau was created, along with the Himalayas, about 50 million
years ago, as part of the Indian subcontinent began to collide with
Eurasia.
The M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in
Sichuan Province, which was 32 x stronger, was generated on the
Longmenshan fault system.
The earthquake was centered in the township of Jiegu, in the county of Yushu, a rural, mountainous area that is part of the Tibetan Plateau
populated mainly by farmers, sheepherders, and trades people.
Qamdo, Tibet is the largest city near the epicenter.
LOCATION: QINGHAI PROVINCE NEAR TIBET
QINGHAI PROVINCE
YUSHU COUNTY: QAMDO, TIBET IS THE LARGEST NEARBY CITY
More than 90 % of the sun-dried mud brick and wood houses and buildings in the epicentral area
collapsed, killing an estimated 1,144 people and injuring about 10,000..
NO QUAKE RESISTANCE
An estimated 70 % percent of the schools were destroyed, and
residents, paramilitary, and soldiers used shovels in a frantic effort to
save children trapped in the rumble.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
TYPICAL DAMAGE
The minority nationalities living in the epicentral region don't normally
keep the dead overnight, so the funerals that occurred April 14th will
make accurate estimates of the death toll impossible.
Communication and transportation systems in the area were knocked
out, slowing local disaster assistance and search and rescue efforts, and limiting international assistance.
SURVIVORS FACED HARSH TEMPERATURES
Temperatures in the mountainous Tibetan plateau 5 km above sea level can reach
minus six degrees at night, so the government quickly arranged to send five
thousand tents and fifty thousand blankets for the homeless survivors.
The government allocated $30 million for relief and mobilized more than 5,000
soldiers, medical workers and other rescue workers to join with 700 troops
already on the ground.
TAIWAN: APRIL 26, 2010
APRIL 26, 2010
M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND 3- DAYS OF RAIN CREATE
CONDITIONS FOR LANDSLIDES
LANDSLIDE
LANDSLIDE
SEARCH AND RESCUE
DECEMBER 21, 2010
M6.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES SOUTHEASTERN
IRAN
The M6.5 earthquake, centered near the location of the 2003 Bam quake in
southeastern Iran, killed at least 11, damaged 1,800 homes, downed phone
lines, and triggered landslides.
Almost exactly seven years ago in the same region, a M6.6 earthquake struck the
nearby city of Bam, killing more than 25,000 people and destroying a medieval
castle that was one of Iran's most treasured archaeological sites.