2006 Remembered Questions

2006 Remembered Questions NBDE Part I

1. Where are the renal pyramids located in the kidney Medulla

2. Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla

Loop of henle

3. The most hyperosmotic portion of the kidney

ascending loop of henle, prox tubule, inner medulla, distal tubule, collecting duct ???4. The majority of water is reabsorbed.

Proximal tubule

5. If you have a Kidney or Heart infarctwhat type of necrosis is this

Liquefactive, Coagulative, Caseous .Caseous is for Tuberculosis

6. What causes inc filtration fraction in the glomerulus

Inc pressure (constriction) of efferent arteriolar pressure?7. What kind of Necrosis will lead to soap formation and calcification Fat necrosis Usu in the pancreas

8. L. Monocytogenes causes Parastie, Gastroenteritis, Meningitis9. Which Hepatitis will cause symptomatic chronic hepatitis Hep C

I think B is easiest to transmit in dentistry via blood, OSHA precautions for this10. Several ?s on Pathology of Liver Vit K ?s--Coumadin stops vit KWhich leads to lack of prothrombin or Thromboplastin???

VIT K is required by the liver to make prothrombin Pt has Liver Failure/Damage what is most likely cause of bleeding Dont have enough prothrombin,,maybe thromboplastin

11. When mast cells degranulate what is contents of granules. Histamine + Something else look it up Eo chemotactic factor + histamine??

Histamine + Leukotrienes + ECF-A + Heparin

12. What is most responsible for interstitial osmolarity Sodium, albumin (more for blood osmolarity) Sodium b/c Interstitial fluid is in the ECF so Na is ( in Ecf

13. If pt has a ( plasma osmolarity what is most effective substance that the patient needs

renin or ADH14. What is most likely organism in perio infected oral cavity and infected pulp

Porphyromonas or streptococcus

It said in book that this was for deep subgingival sites and advanced perio dx

Predominant supragingival= streptococcus

Mutans= Enamel, plaque

Strep Anginosus= gingival crevice, dentoalveolar and endo infections??

Strep Vestibularis= vestibular mucosa

S. Salivarus= dorsum of tongue and saliva

15. In perio pockets what is there. Bacteria that are not indigenous to the normal flora, bacteria that are normal indeginous flora????

16. Neisseria Gonnorhea virulence factors Endotoxin (gram neg. have this)17. Pt gets an extraction, presents w/ fever and blood under his fingernails (splinter blood clots), what disease process was the most likely cause of this

---DIC, thrombocytopenia??, Google says Endocardtis or Vasculitis18. Which is least likely to infect a burn lesion

C. tetani, S. aurues, M. Ulceratum, P. Aeruginosa

19. Neisseira Meningitis virulence factors, which of these is not a virulence factor

Capsule, endotoxin, Iga protease, enterotoxin

20. Predominate Ig in saliva

IgA or Secretory IgA???? Secretory IgA just has a role in protection for external secretions

21. What is the ideal polio vaccine, what it produces Produces a secretory IgA from gastrointestinal cells???, secr. IgA from respiratory tract cells Polio vaccine is of two types: the killed (Salk) vaccine and the live attenuated (Sabin) vaccine; the latter given orally is the more popular. The live vaccine produces more IgA22. How does Mililary Tb spread Bloodstream (hematogenous), lymphatics23. Which cell type In newly forming bone is the most mitotic

Osteogenic progenitor cells?, osteoblast precursor??

24. Cribiform bone in the periodontium??? 2?s one was a picture having to label where the Picture Synonyms for lamina dura include alveolar bony socket, alveolar bone, true alveolar bone, alveolar bone proper, and cribriform plate of the alveolar process. The alveolar bone proper is a plate of compact bone, the radiographic image of which is termed lamina dura. 25. Nerve of pterygoid canal

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

26. Lose Control of muscles of face below zygomatic arch on the left

Upper motor lesion, cerebrocortical lesion on upper right Neural pathway for upper and lower musclesUpper= crossed and uncrossed, Lower= uppermotor nerurons from opposite side EXTRA

27. Operate on parotid gland what is at risk other than the facial nerve of being damaged External carotid and auriculotemporal

28. Which nerves innervate the anterior part of the TMJ

Auriculotemporal or masseteric branch of max. nerve???, look up

29. What type of joint is a Gomphosis PDL TMJ=Synovial

30. What does Rotaviruses cause in infants Gastroenteritis

31. Which dx affects the most organ systems

Herpes, HPV, Rubell32. What causes the Most birth defects in industrialized countries

Cytemegalovirus???

33. Which virus infects B cells

Epstein Barr virus

34. Syphylis aneurism occurs where?

Descending aorta (thoracic), Arch of Aorta??35. Which muscle abducts the Vocal Cords

Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle

36. Severe abducens nerve (6) Cant abduct the eye due to LR

37. Numbness to skin and muscle of the thumb and forefinger Median nerve, Radial Nerve38. Structure that is most superficial in deltoid triangle

Cephalic vein

39. Difference between cementum and bone

Cementum continues to get deposited throughout life??????, weird answers40. Cell bodies of the facial touch

Trigeminl ganglion

41. Bacteria thrives in co2 environment

Capnophiles

42. Source of cysts in the midline of the neck

Thyroglossal duct

43. Carotid triangle of the neck, superior border

Posterior Digastric?

44. Floor of the submandibular triangle?

Floor not Borders.mylohyoid

45. 53, Cyclic Amp and its role in glycogen breakdown Glycogen phosphorylase---It leads to phosphorylation of this and makes it active46. Cells that produce gastrin

..G Cells (was not an answer, maybe gastric glands via parasympathetic impulses??)47. Difference b/tw large and small intestine

Large intestine d/n have villi Stomach has rugae?

48. Where does myasthenia gravis effect

Myyoneural jnxn

49. Thick filament of muscle

Myosin

50. Cells that hypertrophy due to injury

Cardiac muscle 51. What is in the jnxal epithelium

Hemidesmosomes + zona occludens? If Hemidesmosomes + Basal Lamina is an answer choose this b/c that is what is on the decks

52. Which epithelium can sustain trauma the best

Transitional ????, Stratified Squamous non-keratinized

53. What makes up the Nissl substance???

Rough ER

54. How does pancreatic lipase get activated

Trypsin

Some ?s about trypsin activating pancreatic enzymes

55. What hormone stimulates gastric secretion

Gastrin, CCK (inhibits), secretin (no), (Chief Cells (Secrete Pepsinogen), Parietal Cells (secrete HCl from oxyntic glands)

Mixing and Emptying Actions Following a meal, mixing actions of the stomach turn the food into chyme and pass it toward the pyloric region using peristaltic waves. The rate at which the stomach empties depends on the fluidity of the chyme and the type of food. As chyme fills the duodenum, stretching of its wall triggers the enterogastric reflex, which inhibits peristalysis and slows the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine

56. What is the enterogastreal reflex

Feed back system to stomach

The brain alerts the stomach that it should expect arrival of a meal and the stomach comes out of its inter-digestive quiescence and begins low level motor and secretory activity (cephalic phase). After a meal is consumed, the gastric motor and secretory activity is fully turned on (gastric phase). If the meal is at all substantial, the gastric phase is periodically suppressed by signals from the small intestine and, if gastric pH falls to very low levels, from the stomach itself. Eventually, the meal is fully liquefied and emptied, and the stomach falls back into a state of very low motor and secretory activity, where it remains until the next cephalic phase.

57. What stimulates glucose intake uptake into adipose tissue

Insulin

58. Ehler-Danlos causes all of the following except

Delayed wound healing, collagen, something didnt make sense59. Best way for Bacteria to transfer multi drug resistance, depends on the ? Conjugation or transformation Transductiontransfer via viral replication

Transformationno cell to cell contact, most primitive way for bacteria to transfer genetic info

Conjugationcell to cell contact, jay put this so not sure

60. Usual outcome of HSV-1 exposure

No Outcome (most people dont have symptomssubclinical dx)61. Usual transmission of Chlamydia Genital

62. Where is best place to take spinal tap

L3-L5???, subarachnoid space (L2-L3)63. Section below T4 of the spinal cord, and they come into the office for a 2 hr appt what do you worry about

Bowel emptying, high bp, temp regulation???64. How doe Influenza get its genetic diversity

Mutation and whole gene rearrangements??? Both were answers, and both are on the decks65. Lag phase

( in mass but not #, ( in # but not mass

66. Pt has Hypotension, peri-oral pigmentation, nausea vomiting

Addisons (this one), Peutz-Jagers(d/n have hypotension), Gardners (d/n have hypotension)

67. Stain for Acid-Fast stain

Mycolic Acids (lipids and waxes)

This stains for Mycobacterium tuberculosis= Lipid and wax in cell wall

Mycoplasma pneumoniae= NO cell wall

68. Bacteremia

What causes it----probing causes endocarditis, seeding of bacteria into the bloodstream

69. Difference between IgM and IgA

Constant region of Heavy Chain, Constant Of Light, Variable of Heavy, Variable of Light

70. Which is not true of the Properties of Fungal Cells (eukaryotes) Chitin is cell wall, 2 forms (hyphae, yeast), asexual and sexual, Cholesterol in cell membranes (they have pergesterol)71. How do quantitate mRNA

Western blot, Southern blot, Northern blot??? Western blotdetect protein

Southern blotdetect DNA

Northern blotdetect RNA and mRNA72. How do you know if hep B carrier is infective state (actively dividing) HBs Antigen (ag) 73. How do you know if pt has been infected and now have immunity (test for post vaccination immunity) Test for hepatitis b surface antibody, (HBs-AB) or (anti-HBs)74. Sickle Cell anemia difference btw hemoglobin a and hgb S

Single DNA base pair substitution

75. What is the relationship where both members benefit

Mutualism (wasnt a choice, this is a form of symbiosis), Commensalism (1 benefit, 1 not affected), Symbioisis (Can both benefit but not always???)76. Acquired active immunity, natural and artificial

Look it up

77. Oshas standard for Blood Borne Pathogens is intended to protect

Patient, Licensed hc provider, employees??78. What is a risk factor for endometrial cancer

Obesity (causes an ( in estrogen), multiple partners, sex at early age (cervical)

Other risk factors for endometrial carcinoma are Diabetes, HTN, and Infertility79. What is not a risk factor for cervical cancer

Early sex, Hpv, multiple partners, high risk male partners.. something else d/n make sense b/c all of these are the risk factors80. What is most common cancer of lung

SSC of lung

81. Least likely to metastatize to bone

Kidney, colon, thyroid, breast, and tongue???82. Appearance of breast cancer, which one is false

Skin is dimpled, change in color of nipple, non tender mass, large red painful swollen mass83. What the marker for choriocarcinoma

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

84. Smoking is a risk factor for all of the following cancers except

Stomach, esophageal, kidney, pharynx Could also be called colon, Look up what kind of cancers is caused by Smoking

85. What are not Symptoms of Bronchitis

Look up, Hyaline mmb formation (not related)

86. What dx is a disorder of plasma cells that shows multiple punched out radiolucencies

Multiple Myeloma

87. What are pituicytes

Neurohypophysis

88. Which of the following is most likely to cause cancer

Dysplasia or Metaplasia

89. Osteocyte most resembles

Cementocyte

90. How does the body regulate Calcium absorbtion

Based upon body Need (???)

91. What is an indication of malabsorption Steatorhea

92. What is the vitamin deficiency that causes rickets

Vit D

93. What vitamin deficiency causes gingival inflammation, pocket, and bleeding

Vit C (ascorbic acid)

94. What is the role of MHC class 2

CD4, presents extracellular antigen to T helper cells on the cell surface

95. What could be a possible cause of pulmonary emboli

Arterial thrombosis, parapalegic96. Multiple Sclerosis

Plaques of demyelination In the CNS

97. Which complement is for alternate pathway

C3= alternate

C1= classical

98. 65 yo with an ill fitting denture show cotton wool radiographic appearance

Osteitis Deformans (Pagets Disease), Fibrous Dysplasia

( risk factor for osteosarcoma99. Which of the following activates Osteoclasts

Thyroxine, Calcitonin, Insulin

PTH was not listed100. All of the following structures exit the middle cranial fossa

Jugular foramen

101. Elevation of what marker will cause Acute Pancreatitis

Amylase

Lipase was not listed

102. What is a bone disorder of endocrine origin Acromegaly (caused by GH), fibous dysplasia, pagets103. What are the symptoms of asthma one of them will be false

Look at the decks

104. What is the process when the chromatin condenses in the nucleus of a cell Pyknosis1st stage of necrosis (unprogramed cell death), then Karyolysischromatin is degraded by enzymes (DNAses) which causes

Karyorrhexisfragmentation of the nucleus

Apoptosisprogrammed cell death

105. All of the following are examples of the Heat Sterilization Technique except

Load instruments in when wet, sterilize for 6min @ 190, 12 min for

106. Which of the following is an immersing sterilant Gluteraldehyde

107. Which amino acid forms an inflammatory mediator that causes vasodilation Histidine

108. What is Penicillins MOA

Inhibits cross linking of growing gram + Cell wall(inhibits the terminal step in peptidoglycan synthesis)109. Which of the following inherited dx is associated with high levels of LDL in the blood stream

Familial Hypercholestrolemia

110. How is Cholesterol transported in the blood

LDL, VLDL??

Chylomicrons= Transfer triglycerides from lymph to adipose

HDL= good, transport from liver to blood

111. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to

Asbestosis 112. What organ is affected by Exposure to carbon tetrachloride

Massive hepatic necrosis (liver problems)

113. Which of the following is X-linked Recessive

Hemophilia A

114. What is the cause of hyperventilation

Respiratory alkalosis (blowing off all of your CO2)

Hypoventilation (building up your CO2 so you are resp. acidosis)

115. What happens to cause Troponin elevation in the blood

MI????, dont remember the options, just a guess

116. Actinomycosis Sulfur granules, Anaerobic, gram-positive filamentous, branching rods; "sulfur granules" in pus are mats of intertwined bacteria, Actinomyces israelii, Found in anaerobic crevices around teeth; intrauterine devices --> Actinomyces israelii endometritis

117. Active Acquired Immunity

Decks

118. Diagram of mesencephalon 119. Extrapyramidal neurons

Dont cross, control posture 120. ID Lacrimal Gland

121. What receptor does Epinephrine react with Stimulates alpha receptors

122. How does epinephrine raise the blood glucose level

Glycogenolysis in the liver???123. What is least amount of opening of teeth

MI

124. What enzyme is used for transamination reaction

Pyridoxine (B6)

125. By checking hydroxyprloine levels what are you testing for

Collagen

126. Immediate source of methy groups in amino acid synthesis??? SAM??, S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) A source of transferable methyl groups is choline

127. What root of the maxillary 1st PM would have 2 roots

??

128. What structure is epinephrine most closely related to

tyrosine129. What is split into urea, the last amino acid before urea is released

?arginine??130. In a highly acidic environment the GC content of DNA is

Highest, Intermediate, Low

131. What enzyme is secreted from the pancreas that stimulates an alkaline secretion

Secretin

132. Where are the JG cells located in the kidney

? bowmans capsule

133. The breakdown of glycoproteins happens due to what organelle

Peroxisomes, lysosomes, golgi

134. What structure is emptied into the inferior meatus

Nasolacrimal duct

135. which canal creates a direct entry from the oral cavity to the nasal cavity

?pterygopalatine, greater palatine

136. Which of these structures is located in the temporal bone

Internal acoustic meatus

137. Which taste receptor has the lowest threshold for taste.

Bitter, sour, salty, sweet

138. Which papillae is associated with vonEbner glands

Circumvallate

139. A 6 yo kid presented to your office with diffuse small red spot on the ant 2/3 of the dorsal tongue what is most likely affected

Filliform papillae, fungiform papillae, lingual tonsil, foliate papillae

140. Look up something about a striated duct

Weird ?

141. When your mandible moves in lateral excursion, the TMJ on the lateral working side moves

Lateral, medial, inferior, superior

142. What covers the tmj articulating surfaces

Fibrous cartilage

143. in what layer is the large vessels in the floor of the mouththe tongue located

Submuosa, lamina propria

144. The deep dermis is composed of what

Dense irregular CT, Dense Regular CT, Reticular Layer

145. What is true insided the pulp

Type I collagen>Type III collagen

146. A fungal infection most common in diabetics

Mucor mycosis

147. What artery does middle meningeal a tributary of

Maxillary artery

148. What artery parallels the the ptergoid plexus of veins

Maxillary

149. What structure stores sperm

Testis, vas defrens, seminiferous tubules

150. If a pt develops right heart failure with an otherwise healthy left side what is the problem

Cor pulmonale

151. If a patient can only rotate his jaw and not translate what is the max amount of opening 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm

152. What foramen connects the sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity

Sphenopalatine forman??

153. Which muscle of the tongue pulls the side of the tongue inferior

Hyoglossus

154. What muscle does the parotid duct pierce

Buccinator

155. What formane directly connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity

Incisive

156. The lingual nerve before it joins the c. tympani has what type of fibers

Afferent ant 2/3 tongue

157. How many heme molecules and globulin protein chains??? Does hemboglobin have

4 hemes, 4 chains

158. How does the mandible form

Intramembraneous bone formation around Meckels cartilage

Hint: meckels bone does not ossify

159. What is the primary growth center of long bones

Epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, metaphysic, diaphysis

160. What deformity is due to lack of Vit D

Rickets

161. What cell cycle phase is characteristic of separating nuclear material?

M phase

162. Asbestos exposure most likely causes what

Mesothelioma

163. What nerve innervates the TMJ Auriculotemporal nerve the capsule??

164. Which of these is located in the anterior mediastinum

Vagus, esophagus, thoracic duct, anterior interventricular artery, trachea, remnants of the thymus

165. What structure is located at the level of the trachea bifurcation

Sternal angle, suprasternal notch??

166. What is a positive chronotropic agent that will stimulate carotid bodies Low O2 tension

167. The nerve that stimulates the submandibular ganglion (c. tympani) has its origin in what nucleus

Superior salivatory nucleus

168. The adventia of the arterioles is derived from what???

Crazy stuff

169. The tip of the tongue receives its blood supply from

Deep lingual artery

170. What is a direct tributary of the celiac trunk

Left gastric??

171. The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the

thyrocervical trunk

172. Which part of the gastric mucosa has no vili and limited mucous glands

Ileum, stomach, duodenum, jejunum

173. What vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart

Pulmonary vein174. What is the function of synovial fluid

Lubrication and nutrition

175. What lines the ventricles of the brain Choriod plexus

176. Where is the Brocas area of speech

Frontal lobe

177. What is a relay station for sensory stimuli from the spinal tract to cortex Thalamus178. What structure is the midbrain derived from

mesencephalon179. If you ( the permeability of a nerve cell to K what will happen

It will go 0, +30, - 30, -50, -80180. Complete cardiac block of the nerve transmission will show what on an EKG

..Dissociation of QRS and P181. The Right 1st, 2nd, and 3rd posterior intercostal veins drain into the right superior intercostal which then drains into what structure

Hemiazygous, azygous, superior vena cava182. Which of the following causes a

183. Osteoblasts are derived from

Mesenchyme

184. What lines the articulating surfaces of the mandi. Fossa

Fibrous connective tissue

185. TMJ lower rotation, upper translation

Both true186. The tip of the tongue drains directly to

Submental nodes

187. If you have an abcess of the 1st PreMolar what space is infected

Submental, submandibular

188. Which of these will ( during a contraction

A&I zone, H bands189. If your tongue deviates to the right what is wrong

Right hypoglossal nucleus

190. Which antimicrobial affects lipid and non-lipid membranes

191. What will cause over secretion of saliva

Epinephrine, atropine, curare, something else was the answer starts with a P

192. Staph aureus

Heat stable enterotoxin

193. What type of necrosis is most common in alcoholics

Liquefactive???

194. What type of necrosis is most common for infarcts

Coagulative

195. Patients with cystic fibrosis Will have a sweat that contains NaCl

196. SCID is due to hypoproduction of

B cells, T cells, stem cells

197. Most common type of meningitis

Strep Pneumoniae

198. What is false about Chylamydia Trachomatis

I think I narrowed it down to , the majority of women are symptomatic

199. Whata disease is most common to resemble primary syphilis (chancre)

Gingival herpetic stomatitis, herpangina

200. What is the most common renal tumor in kids

Neuroblastoma

201. What infects skin, hair, and nails

Trichophyton

202. Which of these cause cancer in the genital tract of females

HPV (cervical cancer)

203. What causes a blood clot, terminal step

Monomeric fibrin

204. Hemophailiac A is caused by a deficiency of

Factor, or something????

205. How is VZV spread

Airborne, direct skin contact

206. Chicken pox stays latent where Sensory ganglia

207. Cytomegalovirus and EBV are familys of

Heresviridae

208. Which of the following are not viruses of the brain

..

209. HIV is a rotavirus

False, it is a retro virus

210. Intervertebral disc is composed of

Fibrocartilage

211. What is endotoxin associated with

Gram (-)

212. What is the most common severe rxn in transplants

Graft vs. Host disease, Host vs. Graft213. What is associated with the mushroom toxin that affects mRNA

I put Rifampin ?? who knows geez

214. If pt has a RV (something like that) quotient of 0.7 what is the main source of fuel

I put fats?

215. Hertwigs epithelial root sheat forms

Epithelial cell rest of malasez

216. Enamel formation is due to

Stratum intermedium

217. Crown dentin is different from root dentin by

Granular layer of tomes

218. Know the pathogens in adult and juvenile Periodontitis

Directly on cards

219. Crutzfiel Jacobs dx

Something about infected carcasses of cow is the correct answer

220. What is a secondary messenger

Cyclic AMP

Could also be cyclic GMP

221. Which of the following can you not measure using a respirometer

222. Which of the following would be going on if Oxaloacetate was depleted

High use of the TCA cycle (thats what I thought made sense)

223. What enzyme is used in the oxidation of energy

Cytochromes

224. What is the function of secretory IgA

Protect mucous membranes

225. Which salivary enzyme breaks down starch (or maybe it said proteins)

Alpha-amylase, beta amylase

226. Which is true of polyunsaturated fatty acids Have a high mp

227. The storage form of Iron in the liver is called Ferritin

If it is transferable= transferring

228. If a person has antibodies anti-A and anti-B in their blood what blood type are they O

229. If a patient comes in with a cyanotic blue looking lip what is their problem

I put low hemoblobin count (low o2), other answers were anemia related problems (which would mean normal o2 tension, just not enough of normal cells???)

230. The breakdown of Lactose yields

Glucose+ galactose

231. Which of the following could cause glucosuria

Low Insulin

232. Inulin is a measure of

GFR

233. Pt had a diastolic pressure of 140 and a systolic pressure of 80, what is the mean arterial pressure MAP = [(2 x diastolic)+systolic] / 3234. Which of the following is the most common autoimmune thyroid problem

Hashimotos, Graves, DiGeorges, etc..??235. What causes exopthalmous, bony defects, etc

??

236. What is the storage form of Thyroid hormone

Thyrogloblulin

237. How does DNA, RNA, and protein replication occur

53, 53, N-terminalC-terminal

238. What is the function of the nuclear pore

Transfer of proteins and ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm239. What is the cDNA libraries made up of

mRNA sequences, the entire DNA genome, ???

240. What is useful for detecting DNA sequences

Southern Blot

241. The most important buffer system in parotid secretions of saliva

Bicarbonate, that was the only was that made sense, phosphate also an answer

242. How is glucose mediated across cell membranes 2ndary active transport

243. What hormone is responsible for producing milk in the mammary glands

Prolactin, Oxytocin If during breast feeding I think its Oxytocin, depends on how its worded

244. What is the hormone that has the direct effect on growth of a bone

Somatotrophin (GH)

245. What hormone binds to an intracellular receptor and has a long slow response

Estrogen, GH

246. What is the major regulator of Ca in the body

Calcitonin, PTH247. What disease is caused by an excessive formation of uric crystals in the big toe Gout

248. What is the Mechanism of destruction in rheumatoid arthritis

Look up??

249. What is true of a micelle

The hydrophobic portion is pointed toward the interior???

250. Urea is produced by the hydrolysis of

Arginine

251. What reflex controls posture to the spine

Stretch reflex

252. The pentose phosphate will generate

Ribulose 5-phosphate

253. Isotopes have The same atomic # but different atomic mass

254. What virus most closely resembles herpangina Hand foot and mouth disease

255. What is the cytopathic effect of HIV

Giant cell formation

256. Hypoplasia

Decrease in cell production

257. Sjorgens syndrome is associated with destruction of what two glands

Salivary and lacrimal

258. What is the disease called that causes tumors in the gi tract

Puetz-Jeghers

259. What is the difference between Th1 and Killer T cells

Th1= MHC2 & CD4, Killer T= MHC1 & CD8

T Cell SubsetCoReceptorMHC Recognition

Immunity TypeCytokines

Cytotoxic (CTL)CD8Class 1CMI

(Killer Ts, NK, Macrophages)Tc1, Tc2

T Helper (Th1)CD4Class 2IL-2, IFN-g

T Helper (Th2)Humoral

(B Cells and AbIL 4, 5, 10

260. What pathway is shut down in arachidonic acid pathway to cause a ( of leukotrienes Lipoxygenase patway

Know this good, know that asprin will shut AA synthesis off, probably 2-3?s related to this

261. What strep bacteria is not found in dental plaque Strep pyogenes, s. sanguis, S. mutans, s. salivarius, s. mitis

262. What is the best way to monitor a malignant tumors prognosis

Size, location, degree of differentiation

263. UV light causes damage to DNA by

Damaging the cross-links of pyrimidine bases to form dimmers

264. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of Factor VIII

265. If your bile duct is plugged it will cause you to be deficient in what vitamins

I have no idea, each answer was like ADE, kde, kab, etc

266. What is the most common fungal infection of humans in the US

Either Blastomycosis, or A

267. A cell that stains heavily in the center and is tightly packed has undergone

Pyknosis

268. What lung diseases causes you to not be able to keep the alveoli open, also common in CF pts

Bronchectasis???

269. Down syndrome is mainly caused due to what

Non-Disjunction

270. Thats all folksANATOMICAL SCIENCES 2006

271. Which foramen is not in the middle cranial fossa?

Option: foramen Lacerum, Rotundum, Ovale, Jugular...272. Which is in the Retroperperitoneal? (Kidney)273. Which structure innervate Orbicularis Oculi( or Oris) or supply nerve to them is

Option: superior orbital fissure, mental,......274. Which nerve abduct the eye....? Option: Abducens N, Adduct N...275. Diagram of eye and asked to locate lacrimal glands276. (2-3) more Q's regarding triangles of the Neck?277. Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from?? Option: right thorax, full right side, Head and Neck.....278. More Q's about Lymph nodes??279. What causes cleft lip? Maxi process, Medial nasal process, Max and Medial nasal process...280. Which cell cycle is more variable is most variable in mammal? G1, G2, M, G0...281. What forms Philtrum?( Maxi process & Medial nasal process)282. Which is seen continuously throughout the circulatroy system? Adventitia (larger in veins), Endothelium (intima), Vasa Vasorum

283. Function of hyaline cartilage in bone growth???\284. Something about notochord?????285. Which one is propriception nucleus in face? Mesencephalic nucleus!!286. Jaw-Jerk-reflex goes through what ganglion?? Mesencephalic nucleus!!287. Bell stage definition?????288. What is the lateral boundary of retromandi space??/289. Ipsilateral-contra lateral Q's about facial and something about pain innervation??290. Q's about Hypothalamus and its Hormones Oxytocin, ADH, ??(Acromegaly)

291. Numbness to thumb and forefinger caused by damage of???

Option: radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median.......

292. Abduction of vocal cord caused by??? Posterior Cricoarytenoid293. Engterogastric reflex???294. Where respiratory bronchiole subdivides into? ...terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, primary bronchi

295. Know type I collagen fibrils well???296. Where is trapeful M??????? Option: Medial, Lateral, Superior, Inferior...

297. Paralysis of lateral rectus causes interference with what eye movement?? Abduction298. Trapezius inserts into?? Scapular spine299. Jugular foramen found in which part of cranium?? Posterior cranial fossa300. Hard palate supplied by??

Greater palatine NAV301. Aggregated mass of lymphoid tissue found between palatoglossus and palatophanryngeus ...? palatine tonsil302. What is usually mistaken for subgingival calculus??

Option: Concrescent teeth, dens in dente.......

303. Carcinoma of larynx would affect- ????

Option: deep cervical nodes, submandibular, thorax....

304. Postganglionic sympathetic to head region???/ From Intermediolateral cell column in the thorax region305. Postganglionic parasympathetic to spincter pupillae???306. What is the function of nuclear pore???BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY--2006

307. Enzyme helping in transamination reactions??? B6 (Pyridoxyl) 308. Immediate source of methy groups in amino acid synthesis??? SAM??, serine309. Something about DNA transcription??310. Which glucose, that is not degraded in muscle??311. How to check protein level in meat hydroxyproline level???312. Activation of complement by alternate pathway take place at??? C3313. TCA cycle??? know it well couple of Q's about it...

314. Enzyme not found in muscle??

Option: glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,.....

315. Which one is used to pick out amount of mRNA sequence??

Option: western, southern, northern...

316. Q about GFR and inulin?317. Greatest osmotic pressure is found in what part of nephron???

Option: PCT, DCT, Collecting duct, Henle loop..318. HCL secreted by which cells of stomach??.. parietal cells, chief cells319. Something about Kw calculations????320. Movement of solute against an ectrochemical gradient requires???

Option: simple diffusion, facilitated, active transport..

321. Difficult in breathing in neonates is due to ????

Option: puctured lung, collapsed alveoli, increased surface tension of tissue...

322. A DNA sequence was given and the corresponding RNA seq had to be chosen???? A-- T (RNA=U), G ---C Study their sequence and know it by heart......

323. What maintain the tertiary structure of proteins?? The primary structure is held together by covalent peptide bonds, which are made during the process of translation. The secondary structures are held together by hydrogen bonds. The tertiary structure is held together primarily by hydrophobic interactions but hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and disulfide bonds are usually involved too.

324. (2-3) Q's about hyperventilation & hypoventilation??

PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY--2006

325. Bacteria surviving in CO2???

Option: anaerobic,fac anaerobes, capnophiles....326. Legionella pneumophila causes?? pneumonia327. Miliary tuberculosis spread by?? hematogenous328. Rotavirus causes what.... in infant? Gastroenteritis329. Staining in tubercle bacilli is possible due to ??? Mycolic acids?, lipids and waxes make up the cell wall Mycobacterium Tuberculosis= lipid and wax cell wall

Mycoplasma pneumoniaethere is no cell wall330. What is the cause of cervical cancer?? hpv331. Mechanism of action of chloramphenicol??? Act on ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis332. Q about multiple sclerosis!!!! Seen as plaques of demyelination in CNS??

333. Four choices of combination of O2,Co2, and N were given...Which would Affect the central chemoreceptor the most?? CO2???334. Patient have HepB would show??

Option: HBsAg, HBsAg antibodies, ...etc

335. What is the symptom of malabsorption?? Steatorrhea!!!336. What cause bronchogenic carcinoma??? Asbesto....etc?337. A few Q's about sterilization, OSHA. OSHA established for ??

Option: patient Health provider, public, employees...etc

338. Cell wall of mycoplasma made up of??? NO cell wall, its lipids and waxes??339. Acute pancreatitis can be caused by elevated level of??? Serum Amylase and Lipase???340. What is the main cause of Down Syndrome??? Option: Non-Disjunction, translocation, or Mosaic DS

All cause Trisomy 21, non-disjunction is most common cause341. Hepatitis B what indicates active replicaiton?? HBeAg!!!!!

342. Listeria monocytoigens causes what?343. If a susceptible person were given tetanus antitoxin what kind of immunity would result: Option:1. Innate 2. Natural active 3.Natural passive 4. artificial active 5. artificial passive

(If tetanus antitoxin is given, then, artificial passive immunity results, because tetanus antitoxin is nothing but antibodies aganist the toxin. since artificial antibodies are given from outside , it is called passive imunity.)

DENTAL ANATOMY--2006

344. Lots of Q's about Max/Mand 1st & 2nd premolars know them well and put more effort in learning their difference in shape , roots #, eruption, angulation, which one is more prone to have anamoli345. Some Q's about TMJ & articular disc

346. High frequency Q's about Occlusion movement[ lateral movement, metrio,,, on the posterior teeth, Cuspid protective occlusion, Condylar guidance, Anterior guidance,...]347. How many primary and permanent teeth are present in the 6.5 year old child??348. Earliest sign of mixed dentition phase??? When Mand Centrals erupt349. If upper first premolar had 3 roots, where would that be???350. Cervical contours + contacts in Icp + anatomical features of premolars, anterior teeth and first molar??351. A woman in her second trimester, took tetracycline, what teeth of her baby would be affected???352. Amount of swallowing in one day?? [geez, I have search a lot of books to find answer , the only answer I found was in book by Okeson "597 times perday"]

353. Tooth formation stages and it histology and embryology??354. What is the difference between Max 1st and 2nd Premolar??355. Lot's of Q's on Premolars356. What muscles moves the condyle Superior- Anteriorly- superioanterio- ( 3 Q's )

357. What are used to record mandibular movement in horizontal plane???

Gothich arch tracer?