remember this quote: review your class notes! go over …

Mid-Term 2014-2015STUDY GUIDE

First Semester

NAME___________________

REMEMBER THIS QUOTE:

“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” [GEORGE SANTYANA]

REVIEW YOUR CLASS NOTES! GO OVER OLD TESTS!!!

KNOW BOTH PREAMBLES - word perfect! I will not grade off on spelling.

THE U.S. CONSTITUTION

1. The Constitution was written with YOU in mind. How do we know this? [Review the first three words to the PreAmble]

2. What is the Constitution?

“The ___________ _______ of the land” [HINT: six words in Article VI, Section 2]

OR

“A bundle of _____________________”

3. Our Constitution is divided into SEVEN ARTICLES. List what each article is about:

1 - _____________________________________________

2 - _____________________________________________

3 - _____________________________________________

4 - _____________________________________________

5 - _____________________________________________

6 - _____________________________________________

7 - _____________________________________________

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Mid-Term STUDY GUIDE

4. America’s system of government is divided into THREE equal portions. Name them:

5. We have a bicameral system of legislative. What does bicameral mean?

“Two ______________ or two ______________”

6. What makes up our CONGRESS [HINT: there are two portions of congress]

HOW MANY ARE IN EACH PORTION?

7. According to Article II of the Constitution, slaves (called “other persons”) were considered how much of a human being?

__________

8. Article 2, Section 4 states a President may be impeached for what four acts?

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

9. Article 5 is your teacher’s favorite portion of the Constitution because it provides an AMENDMENT process. What does AMENDMENT mean?

_______________________________________________________

10. Our Constitution establishes a REPUBLICAN form of government. What is a REPUBLIC?

_______________________________________________________

How is this different from DEMOCRACY?

_______________________________________________________


FEDERALISM Fill in the remainder of the CAKE layers showing how the Separation of Powers is applied in our Federal system of government:

STATE

LOCAL

FEDERAL


44 U.S. PRESIDENTS Be prepared to list ALL 44 U.S. Presidents, FIRST and LAST NAME as well as the DATES OF THEIR ADMINISTRATION

A list of U.S. Presidents, listed in the order with their administration dates:

1. George Washington (1789-1797)

2. John Adams (1797-1801)

3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

4. James Madison (1809-1817)

5. James Monroe (1817-1825)

6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

9. William H. Harrison (1841)

10. John Tyler (1841-1845)

11. James K. Polk (1845-1849)

12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)

16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

17. Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)

19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)

20. James A. Garfield (1881)

21. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)

22. Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)

23. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

24. Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)

25. William McKinley (1897-1901)

26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

27. William H. Taft (1909-1913)

28. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

29. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)

30. Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

31. Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)

33. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

35. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)

37. Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)

38. Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)

39. Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

40. Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

41. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)

42. Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

43. George W. Bush (2001-2009)

44. Barack Hussein Obama (2009-Present)

Be ready to place events in American history with any of the 44 Presidents.


John Locke’s Social Contract

PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA

1. Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Catholic monk, suggested in his Mexican mission that the people of Mexico resembled people in Asia. His idea lead to a theory that people MIGRATED from Asia to North America across an ancient land bridge that no longer exists.

What does MIGRATE mean? _________________________________

Where was the land bridge? ______________________________

2. During the PALEOLITHIC Stone Age, mankind were mainly HUNTER/GATHERERS (they foraged for their food - which meant they were NOMADIC).

What does PALEOLITHIC mean? _________________________________

Review the following characteristics of the HUNTER/GATHERER societies.

[1] Small groups

[2] Nomadic - WHAT DOES NOMADIC MEAN? __________________________________

[3] They were vulnerable to:• climate• disease• famine

[4] NO permanent dwellings

[5] Few personal possessions


3. During the NEOLITHIC Stone Age, mankind changed from HUNTER/GATHERERS (where they had to MOVE with their food) into FARMERS (where they no longer moved around, since they could now grow their food in one location).

What does NEOLITHIC mean? _________________________________

Review the following characteristics of the FARMER societies.

[1] Domestication of animals[2] Small agricultural (small farms grown mainly for the families)[3] Family oriented society[4] Male dominated society[5] The size of their herds provided them with social status

4. In North America there were several PRE-COLUMBIAN cultures. Know these main tribes and their main locations:

ANASAZI - SW North America MISSISSIPPIAN - Mound builders in central North America OHIOAN or HOPEWELL - Mound builders in north-central North America AZTEC - Mexico

What does PRE-COLUMBIAN mean? _____________________________ When was the PRE-COLUMBIAN time period? _____________________

AGE OF EXPLORATION

1. European nations began exploring the NEW WORLD during what centuries?

_________________________________

What does SIGLO DE ORO mean and why is it significant? __________________________

____________________________________________________________________

In what century did SIGLO DE ORO occur? _________________

In what year did SIGLO DE ORO end and what caused it’s end? ______________________

____________________________________________________________________


2. What was the TREATY OF TORDESILLAS? _____________________________________

Who made the treaty? [HINT: he was a Pope] ___________________________________

When was the treaty made? [HINT: two years after Columbus sailed to America] ___________

3. We studied several EXPLORERS.

Review the following chart of EXPLORERS, what they explored and when:

EXPLORER DATE of EXPLORATION REGION of EXPLORATION

Christopher Columbus 1492 North America / San Salvador

John Cabot 1497 North America / Newfoundland

Amerigo Vespucci 1499 South America

Vasco de Balboa 1513 Pacific Ocean (first European to see it)

Hernan Cortes 1519 Mexico (conquered the Aztecs)

Hernando de Soto 1539-1542 SE USA / Mississippi River

Henry Hudson 1609-1611 North America / Hudson River and Bay

4. With the sinking of the SPANISH ARMADA, what major power change occurred in the world? [HINT: one world power came to end, making way for another to rise]

_______________________________________________________________

COLONIAL AMERICA

1. Name the three types of ENGLISH COLONIES [HINT: the “Big Three”] Provide at least ONE example of each.

Ruled by the King’s Governor

Owned by a sole invididual who may use it as he

pleases

Estalbished through a contract between the King and people who colonized (Joint Stock Companies)

EXAMPLE

________________

EXAMPLE

________________

EXAMPLE

________________


2. What was signed by KING JOHN in 1215 that

• limited the power of the MONARCHY, or the King, and • established a PRINCIPLE of FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS of citizens? The ____________ _______________

3. Following the bloodless GLORIOUS REVOLUTION in 1688 another pair of British Monarchs, William and Mary, signed another document that

• limited the power of the MONARCH even further • established a PRINCIPLE of HABEAS CORPUS, and • provided rights NOT JUST TO THE NOBILITY but ALL British citizens (rights including freedom of speech, freedom of religion and the right to bear arms)

Name the document. The ____________ _________ ____ _________

4. Name the THIRTEEN COLONIES and know their main regions:

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

1 - ___________________________________ 2 - ___________________________________ 3 - ___________________________________ 4 - ___________________________________ MIDDLE COLONIES

1 - ___________________________________ 2 - ___________________________________ 3 - ___________________________________ 4 - ___________________________________

SOUTHERN COLONIES

1 - ___________________________________

2 - ___________________________________ 3 - ___________________________________ 4 - ___________________________________ 5 - ___________________________________

5. Review the JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT in your reading.

In what date did the Virginia Company of London receive its charter to settle Jamestown? _______

Jamestown is significant as the FIRST what? _______________________________________

Who was put in charge in 1608 with tough new rules? ________________________________

One of his tough rules was, “He who works not ___________ __________.” [HINT: it is a quote from the Bible - II Thessalonians 3:10]

Review STARVING TIME.

In 1612, John Rolfe discovered that a certain crop grew well in Jamestown, which brought it prosperity and helped save the colony economically. Name the crop. ________________

In 1619, the FIRST REPRESENTATIONAL GOVERNMENT in America met in Virginia. Name this REPRESENTATIONAL GOVERNMENT. _____________ ___ ________________


6. Review the following colonial leaders (be ready to know what colony they lead or founded, and the significance of each person)

LEADER COLONY LEAD or FOUNDED SIGNIFICANCE

John Winthrop

Anne Hutchinson

Thomas Hooker

William Penn

Roger Williams

7. Review the following chart/map.

Review THE MIDDLE PASSAGE.


8. The British fought the French in the French-Indian Wars from 1754-1763 - At the end of the war, Britain controlled most of North America east of the Mississippi River. Native Americans, lead by the Ottawa leader, PONTIAC, feared the British settlers were encroaching on their land. They began attacking British forts and settlements. This lead to a British Proclamation banning colonizing west of the Appalachian Mountains, to avoid further conflicts with the natives.

Name the Proclamation.

____________________ ___ _______

9. The British fought the French in the French-Indian Wars from 1754-1763 - all the fighting took place in the American Colonies. To pay its war debt, the British taxed the colonies in a variety of new taxes and controls. Review your reading on the following:

TAX or CONTROL DATE(S) DESCRIPTION

SUGAR ACT

QUARTERING ACT

STAMP ACT

DECLARATORY ACT

TOWNSHEND ACTS

TEA ACT

INTOLERABLE ACTS

REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1. What did the FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS accomplish?

_______________________________________________________________

2. What did Ralph Waldo Emerson mean by “Shot Heard Round the World”? Where did it happen?

_______________________________________________________________

3. Using percentages, how were the 13 Colonies divided before the Revolutionary War?

PATRIOTS seeking independence ___________

TORIES or LOYALISTS seeking a return to British law and government ___________

INDIFFERENT riding the fence ___________


4. What three things did the SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS accomplish to prepare for war?

1 - _____________________________________________________________

2 - _____________________________________________________________

3 - _____________________________________________________________

5. By June 1775, 10,000 American Colonial MILITIA surrounded Boston. About 6,500 British soldiers were camped in Boston. Nearly 1,600 Colonial MILITIA situated on BREED’S HILL (next to Bunker Hill) pushed back the British advance twice, only to be defeated on the third attack.

Why was this battle significant?

_______________________________________________________________

6. On May 10, 1775, Ethan Allen and 83 of his GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS captured Fort Ticonderoga. Why was this significant?

_______________________________________________________________

7. On October 17, 1777, British General Burgoyne surrendered to the American General Gates at the village of SARATOGA, New York. Why was this significant?

_______________________________________________________________

8. List the MAJOR PHASES of the Revolutionary War WITH THEIR DATES!

PHASE DATES

9. Know the difference between DIVINE RIGHT and NATURAL RIGHTS.

10. What three main themes are found in Thomas Paine’s COMMON SENSE?

***GO OVER YOUR READINGS FROM COMMON SENSE.

11. Know the significance of LEE’S RESOLUTION.


12. The DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE can be divided into four major portions. Use your reading and your notes to fill in a description of each portion:

PORTION DESCRIPTION

Preamble

General Ideas About

Society & Government

List of Grievances

Conclusion

13. The DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE defines that all men have certain inalienable rights, including LIFE, LIBERTY and the PURSUIT of HAPPINESS.

14. The DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE was approved on JULY 4, 1776 but it will not be signed by all delegates of the Congress of the Confederation until August 2, 1776.

15. Review the weaknesses of the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION including SHAY’S REVOLT and the lack of a central government military response.

16. What we the NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 and how did it establish a system of forming territories and states in our country?

17. What was the initial purpose of the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION in Philadelphia in 1787?

18. Review the VIRIGINIA PLAN and the NEW JERSEY PLAN. What was the GREAT COMPROMISE and how did it solve the representation debate in the Convention?

19. Explain the 3/5 COMPROMISE and it’s relation to slavery.

20. Be prepared to know the arguments of the ANTI-FEDERALISTS. What are the BILL OF RIGHTS? Know the main points of the FIRST AMENDMENT [HINT: RSPAP]

remember this quote: review your class notes! go over …

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