REMEDIAL MEASURES OF HEALTH AND SAFTY IN

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

PREPARED BY: AELYA SHAH

University of Karachi

SUBMITTED TO: MADAM SHUGUFTA

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE:To identify hazards in textile industry and provide with

appropriate remedial measures.

OUTCOME:• To make working environment more safer and healthier.

Immediate action must be taken to control this hazard to save

workers health and promote safety.

DEFINE HEALTH AND SAFETY?

• Regulations and procedures intended to prevent accident or injury in workplaces or public environments.

REMEDIAL MEASURES:Remedial Measures means taking steps

to alleviate something we don't desire to experience.

AGENDA:

• The study of Occupational Health and Safety in Textile industry examines to promote Health and safety to the workers in Pakistan. The Hazards and risk involved in the textile industry is high compared with other industries and least importance is given to textile industries. Most of accident does not come to the legal formalities. The People are not aware of Health & safety is due to the workers are uneducated and management not given importance due to promote OHS in Textile industry becomes a barriers in implementing OHS. The major hazards happen are physical, chemical, ergonomically & physiologically hazards along with these some of things which can create hazards are more working hours, improper ventilation. The RPN (Risk priority number) has been find out for all the hazards in the textile industry and FEA is done for the hazard with highest RPN no.

The Major Health And Safety Issues In The Textile Industry

EXPOSURE TO COTTON

DUST

EXPOSURE TO

CHEMICALS

EXPOSURE TO NOISE

ERGONOMIC ISSUES

METHODOLOGY

GINNING INDUSTRY:

• The cotton in a machine which is used to separate the

cotton fiber from the seeds and the cotton send to the

textile for making yarn. The one of main Hazard in

ginning industry is fire, the causes of fire happens in

the Ginning Industry are Electrical, Manmade

Behavior, spark from the Machine and stored Raw

cotton in sunlight and other causes

METHODOLOGY

• SPINNING INDUSTRY:

The textiles are fabricated into clothes. Noise is the

main hazard in textile industry. The noise pollution

(Regulation and control) rule 2000 in industrial area

was 75db at Day Time [6 AM to 10 AM] and Night

time [10 PM to 6 AM].The fire accidents occur in

textile mills are often. The Hazards in the spinning

mills are more compare to other sectors of textile

industry because the Raw material cotton exposed to

the fire easily.

TYPES OF HAZARDS

PHYSICAL

ELECTRICAL

ERGONOMICALLY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

PHYSICAL HAZARDIt includes noise,fire,temperature etc

HAZARD

• NOISE

(noise induced hearing loss Tinnitus)

REMEDIAL MEASURE

• Isolation of the machine and silencer must be kept

• Inverted drive control noise in ring frame

• Proper maintenance lubricating control noise

PHYSICAL HAZARD

HAZARD

• DUST

(causes respiratory problems and causes Byssinosis, a disease caused by cotton dust)

REMEDIAL MEASURE

• Dust collector

• Proper house keeping

• Necessary PPE should wear by worker

PHYSICAL HAZARD

HAZARD

• LIGHT (eye strain and glaring)

• LIFTING HEAVY WEIGHT

(muscular skeletal disorders)

REMEDIAL MEASURE

• Proper lightening condition

• Keep your backbone straight while lifting load

• Pull the load as close to the body

• Lift and carry loads with straight arms

PHYSICAL HAZARD

HAZARD

FIRE HAZARDS

Loss of life, damages to the equipment

• WELDING OPERATION

(Spark ignition is very dangerous)

• ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT HAPPENS

(if no trips occur it gets sparks and get fire

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Restrict unauthorised person to do welding

• ACB ( Air circuit breaker), MCB (motor circuit breaker)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

HAZARD

• SMOKING

(easily gets fire)

REMEDIAL MEASURE

• Safety signs and workers must aware of not using any ignition product

ELECTRICAL HAZARDSIt includes short circuit etc

HAZARD

• Improper earthing

(trip occurs)

• Improper isolation

(electric shock)

• Moisture

(proper wiring)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Avoid improper earthingand loose connections

• All circuits to be enclosed in a proper circuit

• Moisture to kept in control

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

HAZARD

• Motor high speed rotating due to high voltage

(causes problem to the machine)

• Usage of old wire

(not proper current flow)

• Input power cable exceeds more output

(cable melting and heated)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Circuit breaker must be individual

• Use of wires as per electrical standards

• Input wire must be more power than output

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

HAZARD

• Looping in the running line

(electronics PCB)

• Electrical maintenance

(ECB board check the connection grease the motor frequently)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Avoid looping

• Needs preventive maintenance

ERGONOMICAL HAZARDSIt includes Continuous work and improper

workstations

HAZARD

• Uncomfortable work station and height

(pain in hands and legs)

• Repetitive strain injuries

(wrist, neck, shoulder, neck, knee, angle)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Importance to ergonomics

• Proper working procedure

PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDSIt includes personal problems, financial problems

HAZARDS

• Not interested to work

(physiological problem)

• Production target

(stress to the worker)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Give counselling

• Set achievable target

FEA For Fire Hazard In Textile Industry

FEA stands for Fire and Explosion Assessment (hazard prevention)

Air Pollution Created by Textile Machineries

• All textile-manufacturing processes generate environmental pollution. Workers are exposed to the risk of breathing air polluted with dust and fly and contracting respiratory ailments, byssinosis (lung disease), chronic bronchitis etc.

• Cotton diseases called as Bygones is the most common problem found in ginning industry.

FEA For Cotton Industry

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• To minimize the effect of these floating fibers or impurities, the humidified air which is circulated in the spinning and weaving department is filtered so as to separate these floating impurities from the air.

• The workroom should not be more than 0.2mg\m3 and controlled by some specific task.

• The cotton dust should be dumped with proper care and avoid storing in open container.

• Excessive drying should be avoided, if it dry the cotton dust will fly fast.

NOISE LEVEL

• Because of high spindle speeds reached on new machines (ring spindles up to 20000 rpm, rotor up to 110000 rpm) spinning mills can generally be assumed to generate a great deal of noise. Noise levels of 70 to 100 dB are commonly recorded in workrooms.

• However, permissible limit set up at 90 dB by Federal Standards of USA for maximum exposure duration of 8 hours per day.

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Noise level can be lowered by the use of noise control enclosures, absorbers, silencers and baffles and by the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as earmuffs.

• Where technical methods are insufficient, noise exposure may be reduced by the use of hearing protection

• By administrative controls such as limiting the time spent in noisy environment .

• Scheduling noisy operation outside normal shifts or at distant location.

SUMMARY

• The above presentation has demonstrated the hazards and risk involved and their remedial measures in the five main sector of textile industries Ginning Industry Spinning Industry Weaving Industry Dyeing Industry and Garment Industry but the spinning and ginning industries are highlighted more due to their immense impact on workers regarding health and safety.

• The hazards involved in textile industries are mainly noise, dust, fire and electrical hazards are found by calculated RPN number,

• The RPN number is calculated by the multiplication of severity, probability and detect ability. RPN = Severity x probability x Delectability, comparing to other hazards the maximum RPN is found to be harmful to the workers.

• Immediate action must be taken to control this hazard to save workers health and promote safety.

SUGGESTION

• Upgrade the existing technology or apply PAK-EPA act. It is an act to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable development.

• In order to reduce dust emission from machinery it is proposed to cover up the moving parts of machines, the proper maintenance and correct alignment of the gin machinery.

• Also OSHA standards can be used in textile industry of Pakistan in order to improve the health and safety aspects of the labor.

REFRENCES

• [1]. C.W Kan..,”Occupational safety and health management system in textile industry” , international lconference textile & fashion 2012 july3-4-12 bangok Thailand.

• [2]. D.S Padmini..,” Unsafe work environment in garments industries”,journal of environment research and development, volume 7 no.1A 2012.

• [3]. Nazia malik..,” Role of hazard control measure in occupational health and safety in the textile industry of Pakistan, pak j.agri sci vol47(1), 72-76,2010.

• [4]. Hafiz Danish asraf.,”frequency of hearing loss among textile workers of wearing units in Karachi, Pakistan.

• [5]. Jamro K. (2013), Remedial measures of health and safety in ginning industry of Pakistan, BE Thesis.

• [6]. Tiwari meenaxi..,” Causes of musco- skeletal disorders in textile industry”, Issn 2329-3563.vol 1(4),48-50,December 2012.