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V i c i n i t y , 1964-19833 - 4 M o n t h l y P r e c i p i t a t i c n / E v a p o r a t i o n D a t a f o r F r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t e

V i c i n i t y . 19804 - 1 B o r i n g / W e l l L o c a t i o n a n d S i t e S e l e c t i o n R a t i o n a l e4 - 2 P h y s i c a l T e s t s a n d S t a n d a r d s4 - 3 P h y s i c a l T e s t s o n A l l u v i u m4 - 4 P h y s i c a l T e s t s o n P l e i s t o c e n e S o i l s4 - 5 W e l l C o n s t r u c t i o n D e t a i l s4 - 6 P e r m e a b i l i t i e s f r o m S l u g T e s t4-7 Lake G a u g e E l e v a t i o n s4 - 8 P i e z o m e t r i c L e v e l s i n M o n i t o r i n g W e l l s4-9 G r o u n d w a t s r G r a d i e n t s and V e l o c i t i e s on December 7 , 19834-10 C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s o n W e l l s S a m p l e d i n E i t h e r A p r i l o r N o v e m b e r

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1 9 8 3 — F r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t e4-13 Core O b s e r v a t i o n s i n M a i n P i t , N o v e m b e r 19834-14 Core O b s e r v a t i o n s i n Lake S o u t h o f G u l f Pump R o a d , N o v e m b e r 19834-15 S u r f a c e W a t e r S a m p l e S i t e s4-16 F r e n c h L i m i t e d M a i n P i t S t r a t i f i c a t i o n S u r v e y R e s u l t s

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S e d i m e n t S a m p l e S i t e , F r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t eF r e n c h L i m i t e d S e d i m e n t s C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s R e s u l t s , A p r i l 1983F r e n c h L i m i t e d S e d i m e n t s C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s R e s u l t sH e a d S p a c e A n a l y s i s o f S E 2 5P h y s i c a l C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f S e d i m e n t C o m p o s i t eF r e n c h L i m i t e d M a i n P i tF r e n c h L i m i t e d S e d i m e n t s C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s R e s u l t sF r e n c h L i m i t e d S e d i m e n t s C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s R e s u l t sS o i l S a m p l e S i t e s , F r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t eF r e n c h L i m i t e d S o i l s C h e m i c a l A n a l y s i s R e s u l t sF i s h T i s s u e S a m p l e s S i t e s , F r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t eF r e n c h L i m i t e d F i s h T i s s u eP e a k C o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n M a i n P i t S l u d g e sF r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t e

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A p p r o x i m a t e A r e a o f G r o u n d v a t e r C o n t a m i n a t i o nW a t e r D e p t h s — A p r i l 1983 M a i n P i tS l u d g e T h i c k n e s s e s — M a i n P i tCore L o c a t i o n s — L a k e S o u t h o f S i t eS u r f a c e a n d L a g o o n W a t e r S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n sS e d i m e n t S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n s

O f f s i t e S e d i m e n t S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n sS o i l S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n sF i s h S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n sF l o o d F l o w P a t t e r n s , M a y 23-24, 1983C o n t a m i n a t e d G r o u n d W a t e r M i g r a t i o n f r o m M a i n W a s t e P i t

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W a s t e S i t e . " Roya l J . N a d e a uQ C e n t e r f o r D i s e a s e C o n t r o l MemoR Q u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e P r o g r a m f o r F r e n c h L i m i t e dS S i g n i f i c a n c e o f I n d i c a t o r P a r a m e t e r s

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1 . 0 E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R YI n J a n u a r y 1983 t h e T e x a s D e p a r t m e n t o f W a t e r Resourc e s c o n t r a c t e d w i t hL o c k w o o d , A n d r e w s , & N e w n a r o , I n c . i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n c e a n dE n g i n e e r i n g , I n c . a n d H a r d i n g Lawson A s s o c i a t e s t o c o n d u c t a r e m e d i a l s i t ei n v e s t i g a t i o n a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d a b a n d o n e d h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s i t e . T h e22.5-acre a i t e i s l o c a t e d i n N o r t h e a s t H a r r i s C o u n t y , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 m i l e sf r o m C r o s b y , T e x a s . I t i e t r i a n g u l a r i n s h a p e b o r d e r e d o n t h e n o r t h u e s t b yU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d o n t h e s o u t h b y G u l f P u m p R o a d . T h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i q j ^l i e s i m m e d i a t e l y to the s o u t h w e s t and has an a c t i v e p o p u l a t i o n o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y1 0 0 p e o p l e . E a s t o f R i v e r d a l e a n d i m m e d i a t e l y s o u t h o f t h e s i t e , H a r r i s C o u n t yo p e r a t e d a s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l in the 1960'o on an 18.5-acre a i t e . A p o r t i o n oLt h e l a n d f i l l s i t e i s c u r r e n t l y used o n a n i n t e r m i t t e n t b a s i s a s a p i p e s t o r a g £ - >y a r d . T h e r e m a i n i n g a r e a s s u r r o u n d i n g t h e s i t e a r e l a r g e l y u n d e v e l o p e d w i t hnumerous abandoned sand p i t s a n d l o w - l y i n g s w a m p y areas . S o m e c o m m e r c i a lt i m b e r o p e r a t i o n s a n d m i n e r a l e x p l o r a t i o n have been c o n d u c t e d i n t h e p a s ti m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h o f t h e s i t e . I n d i s c r i m i n a t e d u m p i n g o f h o u s e h o l d g a r b a g e a n dc ommerc ia l r e f u s e i s p r e v a l e n t a l o n g area r o a d s a n d d i t c h e s . T h e area p l a y shost to s p o r t f i s h e r m a n as v e i l as wat er s p o r t e n t h u s i a s t s on the n e a / b y l a k e sa n d p o n d s a n d t h e S a n J a c i n t o River .

O p e r a t i o n s at the F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e were c o n d u c t e d be tween 1966 and 1972d u r i n g w h i c h t i m e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 . 4 m i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t o f i n d u s t r i a l w a s t e swere rece ived. The m a j o r i t y o f t h i s vaste was d e p o s i t e d in an u n l i n e d p i t ,f o r m e r l y *n a c t i v e sand p i t ; however, some w a s t e a were s t o r e d upon a r r i v a l ins ev era l l a r g e t a n k s and burned in an open pi t proce s s . The d i s p o s a l s i t e waso p e r a t e d under a t e m p o r a r y p e r m i t i s s u e d b y t h e T e x a s W a t e r Q u a l i t y B o a r d .T h i s p e r m i t w a s revoked a n d F r e n c h L i m i t e d w a s o r d e r e d t o cease o p e r a t i o n s i n1973 a f t e r e x t e n s i v e p u b l i c h e a r i n g s end l e g a l p r o c e e d i n g s . As par t o f t h es e t t l e m e n t , F r e n c h L i m i t e d w a s o rd er ed t o remove a l l o f t h e a i t e s t r u c t u r e s ,t a n k a g e , a n d p r o c e s s e q u i p m e n t .

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o v e r t o p p e d a n d b r e a c h e d , a n d c o n t a m i n a t e d s l u d g e s were d i s c h a r g e d i n t o a na d j a c e n t s l o u g h . A n e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n r e p a i r e d t h e d i k e a n d p u m p e d t h e m a j o r i t yo f t h e d i s c h a r g e d s l u d g e s back i n t o t h e p i t . T h e f l o a t i n g p o r t i o n o f t h e s es l x d g e a w a s removed a n d d i s p o s e d o f d u r i n g a l a t e r i m m e d i a t e r e m o v a l .

A broad s a n d y d e p o s i t t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 5 t o 5 5 f e e t t h i c k , u n d e r l i e s t h e s i t ea n d f o r m s a s h a l l o w a q u i f e r u p o n w h i c h many o f t h e l o c a l i n h a b i t a n t s r e l y f o rd r i n k i n g w a t e r . G r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e s h a l l o w a q u i f e r h a s been h e a v i l yc o n t a m i n a t e d i n t h e areas i m m e d i a t e l y s u r r o u n d i n g t h e w a s t e p i t b y l e a c h i n ga c t i o n o f t h e s l u d g e s . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e areas around t h e c o n t a m i n a t e d•lough a n d s o u t h o f t h e main w a s t e p i t i n d i c a t e a much l ower l e v e l o fc o n t a m i n a t i o n . R e s i d e n t s o f t h e n e a r b y R i v e r d a l e c o m m u n i t y have i n t h e p a s tc o m p l a i n e d o f o r g a n i c o d o r s , o i l y s h e e n s , a n d b a d t a s t e i n t h e d r i n k i n g w a t e rfrom s h a l l o w w e l l s .

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D e v a t e r i n g o p e r a t i o n s a t s u r r o u n d i n g sand p i t s h a s r e s u l t e d i n numerous s h i f t si n area g r o u n d w s t e r g r a d i e n t s w i t h t h e s u b s e q u e n t s p r e a d o f c o n t a m i n a n t s . A tt h i s t i n e , s i g n i f i c a n t g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n a p p e a r s t o b e m o v i n g f r o m t h ew i n w a s t e p i t t o t h e a o u t h . C o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h e s h a l l o w ground w a t e ri n c l u d e :

* V o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s- Benzene- N u m e r o u s c h l o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s

* B a g e / n e u t r a l organic compounds- N a p h t h a l e n e- O t h e r p o l y n u c l e a r a r o n t a t i c s

* P h e n o l s« H e a v y M e t a l s

- C h r o t a i u r a- C o p p e r- Lead- Z i n c

U n d e r l y i n g t h e s h a l l o w a q u i f e r , s e p a r a t e d b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 0 f e e t o f a h a r d ,h i g h l y p l a s t i c c l « y , i s a 3 0 - f o o t t h i c k sand s t r a t u m . G r o u n d w a t e r s i n t h i sa q u i f e r a p p e a r t o have l i t t l e t o n o c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

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U n d e r l y i n g t h e t w o a q u i f e r s p r e v i o u s l y d i s c u s s e d a n d s e p a r a t e d b y s e v e r a lh u n d r e d f e e t o f c l a y a r e t h e C h i c o t a n d E v a n g e l i n e a q u i f e r s , t h e p r i m a r yd r i n k i n g wa t e r source f o r m e t r o p o l i t a n H o u s t o n . T h e s e a q u i f e r s a p p e a r t o b e i nl i t t l e d a n g e r o f i m m e d i a t e c o n t a m i n a t i o n , however s h o u l d t h e y becomec o n t a m i n a t e d a l a r g e number o f p e o p l e c o u l d p o t e n t i a l l y b e a f f e c t e d .

T h e s u r f a c e o f t h e s i t e c a n b e s e p a r a t e d i n t o d i s t i n c t g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s ,based u p o n l a n d use or t o p o g r a p h y :

* T h e main w a s t e p i t ;• T h e s l o u g h i m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h a n d wes t o f t h e p i t ;• T h e a l o u g h a n d d r a i n a g e w a y s nor th c f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 ;* T h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n ;• T h e O l d H a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l ; a n d* T h e a b a n d o n e d sand p i t a n d d r a i n a g e w a y s o u t h o f t h e s i t e .

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ooThe main w a s t e pit cover s an area a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7.3 acre s in s i z e and has anaverage d e p t h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 10.6 f e e t . T h e p i t c o n t a i n s a p p r o x i m a t e l y48,000 cub i c y a r d s o f s l u d g e s a n d c o n t a m i n a t e d s e d i m e n t s a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 24.5m i l l i o n g a l l o n s o f c o n t a m i n a t e d w a t e r . T h e s l u d g e s a r e c o m p o s e d o f a w i d ev a r i e t y o f o r g a n i c s i n c l u d i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g :

* V o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s- Benzene and benzene d e r i v a t i v e s- N u m e r o u s c h l o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s

* B a s e / n e u t r a l o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s- N a p h t h a l e n e- O t h e r p o l y n u c l e a r h y d r o c a r b o n s

• P C B s ( a t g r e a t e r t h a n 5 0 p p m l e v e l s )• M e t a l s

- Z i n c- Chromium

T h e w a t e r q u a l i t y i n t h e p i t a p p e a r s t o vary w i t h t h e s e a s o n ; h o w e v e r , t h ec o n t a m i n a t i o n in the water i s of the same na tur e as t h a t in the s l u d g e s , e x c e p ta t a much lower l e v e l C p p h v er su s p p m ) . C o n t a m i n a t i o n i n t h e p i t w a t e r w a sg e n e r a l l y r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e l ower l a y e r s ( f r o m b o t t o m t o a p p r o x i m a t e l yr a i d - d e p t h ) .

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I T h * s l o u g h n o r t h o f t h e main w a s t e p i t runs a l o n g t h e s o u t h s i d e o f U . S .H i g h w a y 9 0 f r o m about t h e m i d - p o i n t o f t h e w a s t e p i t t o a p o i n t a p p r o x i m a t e l y7 0 0 f e e t f r o m t h e w e s t e r n m o s t p o r t i o n o f t h e p i t . I t i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 0 f e e tv i d e a t i t s w i d e s t p o i n t b u t i s g e n e r a l l y 5 0 f e e t w i d e w i t h d e p t h s r a n g i n g f r o m4 to 6 f e e t . The s l o u g h received the m a j o r i t y o f was t e s f r o m the main pi t whenthe d i k e was breached. S e d i m e n t s in the s l o u g h exh ib i t the f u l l range o fc o n t a m i n a n t s f o u n d in the main pi t s l u d g e s , bu t a t much lower c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .S o i l s a l o n g t h e banks o f t h e s l o u g h a r e l i t t e r e d w i t h p a t c h e s o f d r i e d a n ds e a l - d r i e d s l u d g e s o f n i m i l a r c o m p o s i t i o n a n d c o n t a m i n a n t l e v e l s a s t h o s e f o u n di n t h e p i t . S u r f a c e w a t e r s d o n o t a p p e a r t o b e a f f e c t e d , e x c e p t f o r t r a c ec o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f m e t a l s ( p r i m a r i l y chromium, c o p p e r , a n d z i n c ) .

T h e « l o u g h north o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 i s h y d r a u l i c a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e s l o u g hn o r t h o f t h e main w a s t e p i t d u r i n g h i g h w a t e r . T h i s s l o u g h i n c l u d e s t h e" f i s h i n g ho l e" b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e i m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h o f t h e mainw a s t e p i t . F r o m t h e " f i s h i n g hole" t h e s l o u g h runs i n a w e s t e r l y d i r e c t i o na l o n g the north a i d e o f th e highway f or a d i s t a n c e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1,500 f e e t .It i s g e n e r a l l y 30 f e « t wide w i t h d e p t h s ranging f r o m 4 to 10 f e e t . The s l o u g hi s d r a i n e d by a broad swampy d r a i n a g e w a y e x t e n d i n g f r o m the n o r t h w e s t corner oft h e f i s h i n g h o l e n o r t h a n d west t o w a r d s t h e S a n J a c i n t o River . S e d i m e n t s i nt h e s l o u g h e x h i b i t e d t ra c e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s ev era l b a s e / n e u t r a l c o m p o u n d s a n dP C B s . T h e h i g h e r l e v e l s o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n were seen i n t h e s e d i m e n t s t a k e n f r o ml o c a t i o n s h y d r a u l i c a l l y c l o s e r t o t h e main waste p i t . S u r f a c e waters were f r e eof organic c on tamina t i on but had low level c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of several m e t a l s .F i s h t i s s u e f r o m s p e c i m e n s taken in th e f i s h i n g ho l e i n d i c a t e d a l ow l e v e lb i o a c c u m u l a t i o n o f P C B s and gome m e t a l s .

S e d i m e n t s a m p l e s t ak en i n t h e d r a i n a g e w a y d r a i n i n g t h e s l o u g h e x h i b i t e d t r a c ee o n c e n t r a t i o n a o f PCBs u n j s everal b a e e / n e u t r a l s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e f o u n d i n t h emain vsaCe pit a l u d g c a . A soil ea iap l e taken from the dry bank of thedra inageway i n d i c a t e d trace concentra t ions of PCBs and two o h t h a l a t ec o m p o u n d s .

T h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n l i e s i t j e n e d i a t e l y s o u t h w e s t o f t h e s i t e acros s G u l fPump Road . D u r i n g f l o o d ev en t s water f l o w i n g down t h e s l o u g h f r o m t h e s i t e

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1I III d i s c h a r g e s i n t o t h e s u b d i v i s i o n . Pond s e d i m e n t s a n d s o i l s f r o m d r y d r a i n a g ed i t c h e s i n d i c a t e d t r a c e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f P C B s a n d s e v e r a l p h t h a l a t e s . F i s ht i s s u e f r o m s p e c i m e n s t a k e n o n f t pond i n t h e s u b d i v i s i o n i n d i c a t e d a l o w l e v e lb i o a c c u m u l a t i o n o f P C B s and some m e t a l s . The p r i m a r y concern in R i v e r d a l e i st h e s h a l l o w ground water upon which most o f t h e r e s i d e n t s r e l y f o r d r i n k i n gw a t e r . G r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e s f r o m t w o r e s i d e n c e s a n d o n e m o n i t o r i n g w e l l l o c a t e di n t h e s u b d i v i s i o n i n d i c a t e d n o o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n a t t h e t i m e o f s a m p l i n g .

A d j a c e n t t o t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n t o t h e ea s t i s a c l o s e d H a r r i s C o u n t y ' " . >s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l . T h e l a n d f i l l a p p e a r s t o b e l e a k i n g l e a c h a t e i n t o t h e g r o u n d ^w a t e r s o u t h a n d d o w n g r a d i e n t o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . A t t h i s t i m e t h eground wat er b e n e a t h the l a n d f i l l i s d o w n g r a d i e n t o f b o t h th e s i t e and the <—-,R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n . O

D i r e c t l y s o u t h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 f e e t f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a n d a d j a c e n tt o t h e o l d l a n d f i l l i s a n a b a n d o n e d sand p i t . T h i s p i t d r a i n s i n t o a m a r s h yarea c o n n e c t e d t o a w e l l - d e f i n e d d r a i n a g e w a y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 f e e t t o t h es o u t h . T h e d r a i n a g e w a y f l o w s t o t h e s o u t h a n d west a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e m i l e t oa n o t h e r s m a l l b o d y o f w a t e r , R i c k e t t L a k e . T h i s e n t i r e area i s o n t h e f l o wp a t h o f f l o o d water s moving across t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i c e . S e d i m e n t s a m p l e staken f r o m th e lake i m m e d i a t e l y south o f t h e s i t e i n d i c a t e d t racec o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f o n e v o l a t i l e a r o m a t i c a n d s evera l b a s e / n e u t r a l o r g a n i cc o m p o u n d s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e f o u n d i n t h e main w a s t e p i t s l u d g e s . S u r f a c e w a t e rin the a b a n d o n e d sand pi t showed no o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n , however t r a c ec o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s evera l m e t a l s were f o u n d . F i s h t i s s u e f r o m s p e c i m e n s t a k e nf r o m t h e l a k e i n d i c a t e d a l o w l e v e l b i o a c c u m u l a t i o n o f P C B s a n d some m e t a l e .S e d i m e n t s a m p l e s t a k e n a t k e y p o i n t s a l o n g t h e d r a i n a g e w a y a n d i n R i c k e t t L a k ei n d i c a t e d trace c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f PCBs and several p h t h a l a t e c o m p o u n d s .

T h e p o p u l a t i o n sost l i k e l y t o b e a f f e c t e d b y t h i s c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n c l u d e s :* R e s i d e n t s i n t h e nearby R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n ;* S p o r t f i s h e r m e n t h a t f r e q u e n t t h e f i s h i n g h o l e under U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 ,

and s l o u g h s and some of the A b a n d o n e d sand p i t a in the a r e a ; and* H a r r i s C o u n t y P r e c i n c t 2 m a i n t e n a n c e p e r s o n n e l .

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II The p a t h w a y s by which t h e s e p e o p l e may become e x p o s e d to the c o n t a m i n a t i o n are:

1 . C o n s u m p t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t e d g r o u n d w a t e r ;2 . I n g e s t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t e d a q u a t i c s p e c i e s a n d p l a n t s ; a n d3 . D i r e c t c o n t a c t w i t h c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a n d s u r f a c e w a t e r .

O f t h e p a t h w a y s , t h e f i r s t i s p r o b a b l y t h e most s i g n i f i c a n t . U n l i k e t h e l a s ttwo. g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n has the p o t e n t i a l to increa s e and s p r e a d outwardw i t h t i m e . T h i s u n h i n d e r e d movement w i l l occur a s l o n g a s a s u f f i c i e n tc o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e c o n t a m i n a n t B A S S remain s w i t h i n t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e ,« a d c o u l d e v e n t u a l l y ( a s i t h a s i n t h e p a s t ) r e s u l t i n c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f t h ed r i n k i n g w a t e r s u p p l y f o r l o c a l r e s i d e n t s .

Another p o t e n t i a l p a t h w a y through which p e o p l e may become e x p o s e d t oc o n t a m i n a t i o n i s t h e i n h a l a t i o n o f o r g a n i c v a p o r s . A t t h i s t i m e t h e r e a p p e a r st o b e n o o r g a n i c v a p o r p r o b l e m s . N o s i g n i f i c a n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f a i r b o r n ev o l * t i l e o r g a n i c s were n o t i c e d d u r i n g e i t h e r o f t h e s a m p l i n g e f f o r t s . A ni n c r e a s e d r a t e o f v o l a t x t a t i o n m a y b e n o t i c e d i f d u r i n g r e m e d i a l a c t i o n t h es l u d g e s i n t h e w a s t e p i t become e x p o s e d a n d / o r s t i r r e d u p .

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•*"—^ S E C T I O N 2I 9 t I 0 C

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Ii 2 . 0 I N T R O D U C T I O N

2 . 1 L O C A T I O NThe F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e c o n s i s t s o f an abandoned w a s t e i m p o u n d m e n t l o c a t e d on a2 2 . 5 - a c r e t r a c t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f C r o s b y , T e x a s . T h e s i t e i si n H a r r i s C o u n t y , 2 0 m i l e s e a s t - n o r t h e a s t o f H o u s t o n i n t h e f l o o d p l a i n o f t h eS a n J a c i n t o River ( s e e F i g u r e 2-1). T h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s about 1 6 m i l e sn o r t h w e s t o f G a l v e a t o n Bay.

2 . 2 S I T E H I S T O R YT h e s i t e rece ived about 100,000 b a r r e l s o f i n d u s t r i a l w a s t e p e r year f o r6 years b e tween 1966 and 1972. The m a j o r i t y of t h i s wa s t e was d i s p o s e d of in•n u n l i n e d pi t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7.3 acres in s ize . W a t e r in the pi t had a pH of2.3 on F e b r u a r y 1 , 1 9 7 1 , and c o n t a i n e d 550 p a r t s p er m i l l i o n (ppra) iron( d i s s o l v e d ) , 1,400 p p m c h l o r i d e s , a n d over 8,000 p p r a t o t a l d i s s o l v e d s o l i d s .T h r e e m o n i t o r w e l l s i n s t a l l e d b y F r e n c h L i m i t e d near t h e p i t ( r e p o r t e d t o b e 1 7t o 2 8 f e e t d e e p ) c o n t a i n e d t o t a l d i s s o l v e d s o l i d a r a n g i n g f r o m 1,060 t o2,150 p p m . The l o c a t i o n s o f these w e l l s are unknown. R e s i d e n t i a l w e l l s in andaround t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n c o n t a i n e d t o t a l d i s s o l v e d s o l i d s r a n g i n g f r o m87 t o 381 p p r a ( P u b l i c H e a r i n g Record , F e b r u a r y 22 , 1 9 7 1 ) . P r i o r t o t h i s P u b l i cH e a r i n g , area r e s i d e n t s h a d c o m p l a i n e d f o r some t i m e about t a s t e s a n d o d o r s i nt h e i r w e l l water. Many r e s i d e n t a were h a u l i n g in d r i n k i n g and d o m e s t i c w a t e rs u p p l i e d . T h e d i s p o s a l B i t e w a s o p e r a t e d under a t e m p o r a r y p e r m i t i s sued b yt h e T e x a s W a t e r Q u a l i t y Board . T h i s p e r m i t w a s revoked a n d r rench L i m i t e d w a sordered to cease o p e r a t i o n s in 1973 a f t e r e x t e n s i v e p u b l i c h e a r i n g s and l e g a lp r o c e e d i n g s . A s par t o f t h e s e t t l e m e n t a f t e r t h e h e a r i n g , F r e n c h L i m i t e d w a sordered t o remove a l l o f th e e i t e s t r u c t u r e s , t a n k a g e , and p r o c e s s e q u i p m e n t .

The s i t e ha s been f l o o d e d by th e San J s c i n t o River in 1 9 6 9 , 1973 , 1 9 7 9 , andMay 1983. The f l o o d o f 1973 f l u s h e d some c o n t a m i n a t e d wat er out o f the pi twi thou t a n y c o m p l a i n t s o f damage t o t h e downs tream e c o l o g y . T h e f l o o d o fA p r i l 1979 caused a breach in the n o r t h e r n d i k e o f th e p i t , p r o v i d i n g an avenuefor t h e d i s c h a r g e o f contaminated t l u d g e a into th e A d j a c e n t awaisp n o r t h o f t h ep i t . T h e M a y 1983 f l o o d occurred a f t e r t h e s a m p l i n g f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o nd e s c r i b e d i n t h i s r e p o r t w a s p e r f o r m e d . T h e berros around t h e ma in w a s t e p i t

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I,1 were i n u n d a t e d w i t h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 f e e t o f w a t e r . A p r e v i o u s l y - i n s t a l l e d o i l

boom, f e n c i n g a n d v e g e t a t i o n a l o n g t h e berra h e l p e d t o c o n t a i n t h e f l o a t i n g o i l yr e s i d u e s ! and very l i t t l e a p p e a r e d t o have e s c a p e d th e main p i t are?.

P r e l i o i n a r y r e m e d i a l a c t i o n s have been t a k e n s ince t h e 1979 f l o o d t o r e p a i r t h edike which was br eached and to p r e v e n t f u r t h e r d i s c h a r g e o f c o n t a m i n a n t s . Al i m i t e d e f f o r t wa s c o m p l e t e d in 1982 to c o l l e c t and remove scum and f l o a t i n go i l y r e s i d u e s f r o m t h e swampy area n o r t h o f t h e d i k e . A p o r t i o n o f t h e s ef l o a t i n g o i l y r e s i d u e s w a s l e f t c o n t a i n e d b e h i n d a f l o a t i n g boom a t t h e weste n d o f t h e main p i t ( E P A A f t e r A c t i o n R e p o r t , October 2 0 , 1981, A p p e n d i x 0 ) .F o l l o w i n g t h e f l o o d o f M a y 1983, t h e s e f l o a t i n g o i l y r e s i d u e s b e h i n d t h e bootnwere removed f r o m t h e s i t e b y t h e U S E P A t o r e d u c e r i s k s d u r i n g f u t u r e f l o o d s( E P A A f t e r A c t i o n R e p o r t , J u n e 1983, A p p e n d i x 0 ) .

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S a m p l i n g a n d i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d main p i t i n J u n e 1976 r e v e a l e dt h a t w a t e r was at a pH of about 7 .5 , and TOC averaged about 116 p p r a . S l u d g e sin th e w a t e r o f th e p i t e x c e e d e d 2 f e e t in d e p t h , and c o n t a i n e d 1,066 p p r a t o t a lo r g a n i c carbon ( T O C ) a n d 10,464 p p c a sine ( T D W R M e m o r a n d u m , J u l y 9 , 1 9 7 6 ,A p p e n d i x M ) . T h e H a r r i s C o u n t y P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l Board c o l l e c t e d d a t a i n 1979which i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e w a t e r q u a l i t y i n s h a l l o w r e s i d e n t i a l w e l l s near t h ee i t e h a d i m p r o v e d c o n s i d e r a b l y s ince 1971 ( T D W R M e m o r a n d u m , December 1 1 , 1 9 7 9 ,A p p e n d i x H ) .

I n December 1982, t h e T e x a s D e p a r t m e n t o f W a t e r Resources c o n t r a c t e d w i t h t h eL A N / E S E / H L A team t o p e r f o r m a r e m e d i a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n a n d f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y o ft h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

2 . 3 E N V I R O N M E N T A L S E T T I N G O V E R V I E WThe e i t c l i e s about 10 f e e t above mean sea l ev e l And is about 1 m i l e east oft h e S a n J « c i n t o River. T h e s u r f a c e d r a i n a g e £ s s o u t h w e s t t o t h e S a n J a c i n t oRiver. The s o i l s are made up of sands to a d e p t h of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 55 f e e t andc l ay s f r o m 55 to 125 f e e t . A d e e p a q u i f e r e x i s t s in a c o n f i n e d sand s t r a t u mb e l o w G d e p t h o f 1 2 5 f e a t . T h e U p p e r W a t e r - B e a r i n g 2one b e n e a t h t h e s i t er e s i d e s near s u r f a c e in t h e s h a l l o w sand s . The p r e v a i l i n g wat er s u r f a c e s inth e main wa s t e p i t and o th er area s u r f a c e water b o d i e s a p p e a r s t o b e s l i g h t l y

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h i g h e r * , A t h e w a t e r t a b l e i n t h e a d j a c e n t p o r t i o n s o f t h i s U p p e rW a t e r - / . i n g Z o n e .

F o r e s t c a n o p y v e g e t a t i o n o f t h i s area c o n s i s t s o f l o b l o l l y p i n e , s l a s h p i n e ,w a t e r oak , w i l l o w oak , e l m , gr e en a s h , c o t t o n w o o d , s w e e t g u r a , a n d i n t h e w e t t e rarea s b a l d c y p r e s s . T h e d o m i n a n t p l a n t o n s i t e i s s e s b a n , a l e g u m i n o u s s hrubwhich i s common in d i s t u r b e d wet ar ea s o f the r e g i o n .

Deer a n d s m a l l m a m m a l s , such a s c o t t o n t a i l r a b b i t , s k u n k , f o x , rac coon a n do p o s s u m a r e common. H a r r i s C o u n t y i s a w i n t e r i n g p l a c e f o r g e e s e , d u c k s ,e g r e t s , h e r o n s , r a i l s , c o o t s , g a l l i n u l e s , a n d o t h e r m i g r a t o r y b i r d s .

Land u s e i n t h e c o u n t y i s d i v i d e d b e t w e e n c r o p l a n d , p a s t u r e , a n d r a n g e( 4 0 p e r c e n t ) ; f o r e s t ( 1 5 p e r c e n t ) , w i t h most o f t h e r e m a i n i n g area b e i n g u r b a nR i c e , g r a i n s o r g h u m , c o r n , c o t t o n , b e e f c a t t l e , a n d t i m b e r a r e t h e p r i n c i p a la g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s , a n d o i l r e f i n i n g i s t h e c h i e f i n d u s t r y . H a r r i s C o u n t yi a a l s o o n e o f t h e n a t i o n ' s l e a d i n g p r o d u c e r o f c h e m i c a l s , f e r t i l i z e r s , a n di n s e c t i c i d e s . C a l v e s t o n B a y s u p p o r t s c o m m e r c i a l f i s h i n g a n d s h e l l f i s hh a r v e s t i n g .

2 . 4 O B J E C T I V E ST h e work p r o g r a m f o r t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e w a s s t r u c t u r e d i n t o t w o p h a s e s :i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f s i t e c o n d i t i o n s ( P h a s e I ) ; a n d , i f a p p r o p r i a t e , e v a l u a t i o n o fe n g i n e e r i n g f e a s i b i l i t y o f s i t e c o n t r o l t r e a s u r e s ( P h a s e I I ) . T h e p u r p o s e a n do b j e c t i v e s o f t h e s i t e i n v e s t i g a t i o n vere t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e s i t e i n t e rms o f ;

1 . wa s t e t u t o r i a l s p r e s e n t ,2 . m a g n i t u d e a n d e x t e n t o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n ,3. r a t e and d i r e c t i o n o f w a s t e m i g r a t i o n ,4. t a r g e t r e c e p t o r s , and5. c i t e g e o l o g y and h y d r o l o g y .

T h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y i s t o d e v e l o p a n d e v a l u a t e a l t e r n a t i v er e m e d i a l aeasures c o n s i d e r i n g t e c h n i c a l f e a s i b i l i t y , e c onomic f a c t o r s ,e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s , r e g u l a t o r y c o n s t r a i n t s a n d t i m e l i n e s s o f c o m p l e t i o n .

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T h i s r e p o r t d i s c u s a e s t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f s i t e c o n d i t i o n s c o n d u c t e d d u r i n gPhase I . T h r e e f i e l d s a m p l i n g a n d a n a l y s i s p e r i o d s a r e covered b y t h i s r e p o r t .T h e f i r s t i n t e n s i v e f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n occurred i n A p r i l 1983, when ground a n ds u r f a c e w a t e r s a s w e l l a s s l u d g e s , s e d i m e n t s , s o i l s , a n d f i s h t i s s u e weres t u d i e d . T h i s s a m p l i n g w a s s u p p l e m e n t e d b y f u r t h e r d e t a i l e d s a a p l i n g i nN o v e m b e r 1983, a n d a d d i t i o n a l g r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l i n g i n A p r i l 1984. A i rm o n i t o r i n g w i t h a n H H U p h o t o i o n i z a t i o n d e t e c t o r d u r i n g t h e f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n si n d i c a t e d very l o w t o u n d e t e e t a b l e l e v e l s o f v o l a t i l e gas e s i n t h e a i r aroundt h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . O n t h i s b a s i s , f u r t h e r a i r m o - . i t o r i n g s t u d i e s weren o t u t i l i z e d t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e s i t e .

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T h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s l o c a t e d i m m e d i a t e l y eaat o f t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o fU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d G u l f P u m p R o a d , s o u t h w e s t o f C r o s b y , T e x a s a n d ea s t o fB a r r e t t , T e x a s . T h e t r i a n g u l a r a i t e c o m p r i a e a 22.481 a cr e s o u t o f t h e H u m p h r e yJ a c k s o n L a b o r S u r v e y , A b e t r a c t 3 7 <aee F i g u r e 3 - 1 ) . I t i s b o r d e r e d o n t h es o u t h b y G u l f P u m p R o a d , o n t h e n o r t h w e s t b y U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , a n d o n t h e e a a tby a 1 7 . 9 6 - a c r e t r a c t owned by Dr. J o h n R e u l .

T h e p r e d o m i n a n t f e a t u r e o n t h e s i t e i s a n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7.3-acre p i t c o m p l e t e l ys u r r o u n d e d b y a n e a r t h e n d i k e . A s r a a l l p i t l i e s ea s t o f t h e main p i t , a n ds l o u g h * a n d a w a m p y areas a r e l o c a t e d w e s t , n o r t h , a n d ea s t s u r r o u n d i n g t h e p i t .T h e most p r o m i n e n t o f t h e s m a l l e r p i t a i s t h e o n e d u e eaat o f t h e s i t e a n d t h eborrow p i t n o r t h o f t h e s i t e under U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . T w o e n t r a n c e s o f f G u l fP u m p Road p r o v i d e a c c ea s t o a d i r t road w h i c h r i n g s a p p r o x i m a t e l yt h r e e - q u a r t e r s o f t h e m a i n p i t . A c c e a s t o t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e m a i n p i t i s b y•leans o f t h i s road .

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iT h e area i m m e d i a t e l y e u r r o u n d i n g t h e s i t e i s l a r g e l y u n d e v e l o p e d w i t h numerousa b a n d o n e d sand p i t s a n d l a r g e a w a m p y areas. T h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n l i e s t ot h e s o u t h w e s t o f t h e s i t e acro s s G u l f P u m p Road. T h e s u b d i v i s i o n c o n s i s t s o fa c r e a g e l o t s w i t h r e s i d e n t i a l h o u s i n g . A d j a c e n t t o t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o nto the eaat ia a p i p e s t o r a g e yard l o c a t e d on an u n i m p r o v e d 3 6 . 9 1 9 - s c r e t r a c to u t o f t h e Reuben W h i t e S u r v e y , A b s t r a c t 8 4 a n d owned b y W i l l i a m W a i t k u s .A d j a c e n t t o t h e p i p e s t o r a g e yard d u e s o u t h o f t h e main w a s t e p i t i s a p i t o rpond a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 acres i n s i z e . T h e r e m a i n i n g t r a c t s o f l a n d s o u t h o f G u l fP u m p Road a r e u n d e v e l o p e d w i t h b r u s h y v e g e t a t i o n , a n d i n t e r m i t t e n t a w a m p y areasp r e d o m i n a t e . T h e east s i d e o f t h e s i t e i a l a r g e l y d e n s e woods w i t h i n t e r m i t -t e n t a w a m p y a r e a s , g a r b a g e d u m p s , a n d some a b a n d o n e d sand p i t a . N o r t h o f t h es i t e , acros s U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 t h e p r o p e r t y i a u n d e v e l o p e d , d e n s e l y w o o d e d , a n d•warapy. T h i s t r a c t o f l a n d , 344.71 acres o u t o f t h e H u m p h r e y J a c k s o n L a b o rS u r v e y , A b s t r a c t 37 i s owned by D e b o i s , Inc . w i t h P e t e r W o n g a c t i n g a s T r u s t e e .T h e U . S . Array C o r p s o f E n g i n e e r s h a s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e s w a m p y d r a i n a g e w a y st h a t d r a i n th e areas t o th e nor th and s o u t h o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e can b ec l a s s i f i e d a s w e t l a n d s a n d a r e t h u s und«r t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o ft h e A r m y ( s e e A p p e n d i x N ) .

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3 . 2 T O P O G R A P H YThe t o p o g r a p h y o f t h e s i t e and th e s u r r o u n d i n g area wa s a n a l y z e d u s i n g a e r i a lp h o t o g r a p h s , U S G S t o p o g r a p h i c m a p s a n d t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l G e o l o g i c A t l a s o f t h eT e x a s C o a s t a l Z o n e — " G a l v e s t o n - H o u s t o n A r e a , " i s s u e d b y t h e T e x a s B u r e a u o fE c o n o m i c G e o l o g y . T h i s a n a l y s i s w a s s u p p l e m e n t e d b y g r o u n d r e c o n n a i s s a n c e .

T h e area s u r r o u n d i n g t h e s i t e c o n t a i n s t h r e e d i s t i n c t n a t u r a l t o p o g r a p h i cnones d e t a i l e d b e l o w . Each zone h a s d i f f e r e n t g e o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s a n ds u p p o r t s a s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l a s s e m b l a g e ( s e eF i g u r e 3 - 2 ) , T h e t h r e e zones a r e a m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f t h e t o p o g r a p h i c c h a n g e sa n d t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p t o t h e f l u v i a l s y s t e m o f t h e n e a r b y S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r .

T h e n a t u r a l zones have been s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n f l u e n c e d b y man-made f e a t u r e s a n ds t r u c t u r e s . D o m i n a n t man-ma^o l o p o g r a p h i c f e a t u r e s such a s r o a d b e d s , d r a i n a g ed i t c h e s , a n d sand q u a r r y p i t s have c h a n g e d t h e n a t u r a l g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n da l t e r e d t h e n a t u r a l h y d r o l o g i c a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o ft h e s i t e .

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Z o n e I — Z o n e I c o n s i s t s o f t h e r i v e r f l o o d p l a i n t h a t e x t e n d s f r o m t h eS a n J a c i n t o R i v e r t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 0 0 f e e t ea s t o f t h e main w a s t e p i t . T h en a t u r a l g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n t h e area v a r i e s f r o m a h i g h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l yE l e v a t i o n 2 5 f e e t m a l ( a l l e l e v a t i o n s i n t h i s r e p o r t r e f e r t o M e a n S e a L e v e lD a t u m , 1963 S u r v e y ) i n R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n t o a l o w i n t h e s i t e area o fa p p r o x i m a t e l y E l e v a t i o n 1 0 f e e t . T h i s zone h a s d e v e l o p e d t h r o u g h d e p o s i t i o nf r o m n a t u r a l f l o o d i n g a n d o v e r b a n k i n g o f t h e r i v e r . D r a i n a g e i s g e n e r a l l yp o o r , a n d t h e area i s f l o o d p r o n e .

A t t h e t i m e o f t h e a e r i a l survey ( M a r c h 1 9 8 3 ) , t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e i n t h e s l o u g hn o r t h o f t h e main w a s t e p i t w a s a t E l e v a t i o n 9 . 7 f e e t , a n d t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e i nt h e m a i n p i t w a s a t E l e v a t i o n 10.6 f e e t .

M a n - m a d e f e a t u r e s a t t h e s i t e a r e t h e most d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t o p o g r a p h i c f e a t u r e so f t h i s zone. T h e m a i n p i t , w i t h a w a t e r s u r f a c e e l e v a t i o n o f 10.6 f e e t , i s

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e n c l o s e d b y a d i k e r a n g i n g i n e l e v a t i o n f r o m 13.9 t o 17 ,4 f e e t . N o r t h o f t h ep i t , t h e road b e d o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 r a n g e s f r o m E l e v a t i o n 25*4 t o 26,8 f e e t .S o u t h o f t h e main p i t i s G u l f P u m p Road w h i c h r a n g e s f r o m E l e v a t i o n 12.3 t o1 7 , 2 f e e t . Ea s t o f t h e s i t e , G u l f P u m p Road r i s e s t o a n e l e v a t i o n o f n e a r l y40 feet.

A n o t h e r man-made t o p o g r a p h i c f e a t u r e i s t h e i n d i s c r i r a i n a n t r e f u s e d u m p a l o n gbo th s i d e s o f G u l f Pump Road s o u t h e a s t o f t h e m a i n p i t t h a t range s i n e l e v a t i o nf r o m 9.7 to 18.6 f e e t .

Z o n e I t — A t r a n s i t i o n zone occurs b e tween t h e edg e o f t h e f l o o d p l a i n a n d t h eh i g h e r f l a t t o p o g r a p h y b e g i n n i n g j u s t west o f t h e C i t y o f B a r r e t t . T h i st r a n s i t i o n zone i s s l i g h t l y s l o p e d , r i s i n g f r o t a E l e v a t i o n J O f e e c t o a p p r o x i -m a t e l y E l e v a t i o n 4 5 f e e t over a 1 , 0 0 0 - f o o t d i s t a n c e . T h i s gone i s h e a v i l ywooded w i t h mixed p i n e a n d h a r d w o o d . A l t h o u g h some o f t h i s zone c o n t a i n sm a r s h - l i k e c o n d i t i o n s t y p i c a l o f Zone I , i t i s m o s t l y w e l l - d r a i n e d a n d s l i g h t l ys l o p e d . S u r f a c e s o i l s c o n s i s t o f c l a y a n d s a n d .

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Zone I I I — F r o m j u s t west o f B a r r e t t t o t h e C e d a r Bayou B a s i n t o t h e e a s t , t h earea i s g e n e r a l l y f l a t p r a i r i e u p l a n d s w i t h e l e v a t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o m 4 5 t o5 5 f e e t . T h e s e a r e m o s t l y c u l t i v a t e d l a n d s . U n c u l t i v a t e d areas a r e overgrownb y n a t u r a l o c c u r r e n c e s o f n a t i v e g r a s s e s , c a c t u s , h u i s a c h e , a n d h a c k b e r r y .S o i l s c on s i s t o f i n t e r d i s t r i b u t a r y c l a y s w i t h b e l t s o f d i s t r i b u t a r y a n d f l u v i a ls and s a n d s i l t s .

3.3 GEOLOGY3.3.1 R e g i o n a l G e o l o g yT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s i n t h e C o a s t a l P l a i n R e g i o n , w h i c h c o n s i s t s o fs e d i m e n t a r y m a t e r i a l s d e p o s i t e d b y f o r m e r l y a n d p r e s e n t l y a c t i v e g e o l o g i cp r o c e s s e s i n d e l t a i c , a l l u v i a l , e o l i a n d u n e , b a y - e a t u a r i n e , a n db a r r i e r - i a l a n d - s h o r e l i n e s y s t e m s . T h e S o u t h e a s t T e x a s p o r t i o n o f t h e C o a s t a lP l a i n i s u n d e r l a i n b y a t h i c k m a s s o f s e d i m e n t s ( i n e x c e s s o f 30,000 f e e t ) t h a ta r c n o w s l i g h t l y i n c l i n e d downward coward t h e G u l f ; u p p e r s e c t i o n s have beenc o n s i d e r a b l y e r o d e d . S u c c e s s i v e l y o l d e r g e o l o g i c f o r m a t i o n s o u t c r o pp r o g r e s s i v e l y f a r t h e r i n l a n d f r o m t h e c oa s t l i n e ( F i g u r e 3-3).

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T h e d e p o s i t s o f t h e S o u t h e a s t T e x a s C o a s t a l P l a i n b e l o n g c h i e f l y t o t h eT e r t i a r y P e r i o d ( 7 0 m i l l i o n t o 3 m i l l i o n y e a r s o l d ) , t o t h e P l e i s t o c e n e( 3 m i l l i o n t o 0 . 2 m i l l i o n y e a r s o l d ) a n d t o t h e H o l o c e n e ( 0 . 2 m i l l i o n y e a r s o l dt o p r e s e n t ) e p o c h s . H o l o c e n e d e p o s i t s i n t h e a i t e area c o n s i s t s o f r ivera l l u v i u m . T h e H o l o c e n e d e p o s i t s a r e u n d e r l a i n b y t h e d i f f e r e n t i a t e d f o r m a t i o n s( B e a u m o n t , M o n t g o m e r y , B e n t l e y a n d W i l l i s ) o f t h e P l e i s t o c e n e e p o c h , w h i c hf o r m a a very s m o o t h , g e n t l y s eaward t i l t e d p l a i n . T h e near s u r f a c e f o r m a t i o ni s t h e B e a u m o n t c o n s i s t i n g o f c l a y s w i t h i n t e r b e d d e d s i l t s a n d s a n d s w h i c h havebeen d e p o s i t e d b y r i v e r d e l t a s a n d f l o o d p l a i n s . S u b s e q u e n t t o t h e i rd e p o s i t i o n , th e c o i l s were d e s i c c a t e d when th e s ea l e v e l a were much lower t h a nt h e y a r e now. C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e s o i l s a r e o v e r c o n a o i l d a t e d t g e n e r a l l y haveh i g h s t r e n g t h s a n d t y p i c a l l y have a b l o c k y s e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e w i t h some• 1 i c k e n a i d e s .

T h e l o w r e l i e f t h a t c h a r a c t e r i z e s t h e C o a s t a l P l a i n i s o c c a s i o n a l l y d i s r u p t e db y e n t r e n c h e d s t r e a m s . T h e s e i n c l u d e c u t c h a n n e l s acros s t h e p l a i n t h a t a r ea c t i v e l y g r o w i n g t h r o u g h h e a d w o r d e r o s i o n .

T h e H o u s t o n area i s l o c a t e d i n a S e i s m i c Zone 0 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e U n i f o r mB u i l d i n g C o d e . T h e p r i m a r y g e o l o g i c h a z a r d s i n t h e area a r e s u b s i d e n c ecaused b y d e e p g r o u n d w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l a n d r e l a t e d ground f a u l t i n g . G r o u n df a u l t s in the H o u s t o n area are g e n e r a l l y i n c l i n e d 60 to 75 d e g r e e s f r o m theh o r i z o n t a l , e x t e n d downward f o r t h o u s a n d s o f f e e t , a n d a r e r o u g h l y p a r a l l e l t ot h e c o a e t . Based u p o n a r ev i ew o f a v a i l a b l e d a t a s o u r c e s , n o known f a u l t s p a s st h r o u g h o r near th e s i t e area.

M a x i m u m s u b s i d e n c e in the H o u s t o n area has e x c e ed ed 8 f e e t c*er the l a s t7 5 y e a r s . Based o n e l e v a t i o n c o r r e c t i o n s o f U S G S Bench M a - ; . j 9 0 ,a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4,000 f e e t west o f t h e s i t e , t h e s i t e s u b s i d e T . 9 3 f e e t b e t w e e n1963 and 1973 and 0.32 f e e t b e t w e e n 1973 and 1978.

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3 . 3 . 2 L o c a l G e o l o g yT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s i n t h e S a n J a c i n t o a l i u v i a l v a l l e y o n t h e easto f t h e river. Remnant s o f E a r l y H o l o c e n e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s ( D e w e y v i l l eF o r m a t i o n ) e x i s t a t t h e s u r f a c e ( F i g u r e 3-4) a n d b e n e a t h t h e s i t e area. M o a to f t h e a u r f i c i a l d e p o s i t s i n t h e a i t e , however, a r e l a t e r H o l o c e n e ( R e c e n t )a l l u v i u m . The a l l u v i u m has been d e p o s i t e d in a channel i n c i t e d in theP l e i s t o c e n e Beaumont F o r m a t i o n .

A s t h e r i v e r m e a n d e r g r a d u a l l y moves a c ro s s t h e v a l l e y , i t e r o d e s o l d e rd e p o s i t s on the o u t a i d e o f th e bend and d e p o s i t s p r e d o m i n a n t l y s a n d y m a t e r i a lo n t h e i n s i d e o f t h e bend ( p o i n t b a r d e p o s i t s ) . E v e n t u a l l y , t h e m e a n d e r*d o u b l e s back o n i t s e l f a n d t h e r iver t & K e « a d i r e c t p a t h , c u t t i n g o f f t h emeander whi ch t h en becomes a n oxbou l a k e . D u r i n g f l o o d i n g , t h e l a k e f i l l s w i t hf i n e r m a t e r i a l ( s i l t a n d c l a y ) . A s t h e r i v e r c o n t i n u e s t o m e a n d e r back a n df o r t h acros s t h e v a l l e y , t h e o l d e r d e p o s i t s ar e p e r i o d i c a l l y cu t in t o and newa l l u v i u m i s d e p o s i t e d a d j a c e n t t o t h e o l d . T h i s p r o c e s s h a s r e s u l t e d i n t h ea l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s e n c o u n t e r e d a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . A c c o r d i n g l y , b y t h en a t u r e o f t h e i r d e p o s i t i o n , t h e g r a i n s i z e o f t h e d e p o s i t s v a r i e s l a t e r a l l y a n dv e r t i c a l l y a c r o s s t h e s i t e .

T h e r iver m e a n d e r e r o d e d t h e Beaumont F o r m a t i o n t o d e p t h s o f 2 0 t o 5 5 f e e t i nt h e s i t e area. T h e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s i n t h i s u p p e r s t r a t u m a r e p r e d o m i n a n t l yn a n d s ; however , s i l t a n d c l a y l a y e r s a r e a l s o p r e s e n t .

T h e H o l o c e n e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s a r c u n d e r l a i n b y t h e Beaumont F o r m a t i o n whichc o n s i s t s p r e d o m i n a n t l y o f c l a y w i t h some d i s c o n t i n u o u s s i l t a n d sand l e n s e sg e n e r a l l y l e s s t h a n a f e w f e e t t h i c k . A t a d e p t h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 5 f e e t( E l e v a t i o n -110 f e a t ) , a sand s t r a t u m i s p r e s e n t that e x t e n d s to the maximumd e p t h e x p l o r e d d u r i n g t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n ( 1 5 5 f e e t ) .

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213 . 4 H Y D R O G E O L O G Y3.4.1 R e g i o n a l H y d r o g e o l o g yG r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e C o a s t a l P l a i n R e g i o n o c c u r i u n d e r b o t h c o n f i n e d a n du n c o n f i n e d c o n d i t i o n s . S h a l l o w a q u i f e r s i n a l l u v i a l v a l l e y s a r e i m p o r t a n ts o u r c e s o f g r o u n d w a t e r f o r r u r a l d o m e s t i c a n d l i v e s t o c k w a t e r i n g p u r p o s e s .V e i l s i n t h e s e a q u i f e r * a r e g e n e r a l l y l e a s t h a n 5 0 f e e t d e e p , a n d t y p i c a l l yy i e l d a f e w g a l l o n s p e r m i n u t e . A l t h o u g h moat o f t h e s e s m a l l a l l u v i a l a q u i f e r sa r e u n c o n f i n e d , n e a r - s u r f a c e i m p e r m e a b l e m a t e r i a l m a y c r e a t e l o c a l i z e d c o n f i n e dc o n d i t i o n s . R e c h a r g e o f t h e u n c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s i s m a i n l y f r o m l o c a li n f i l t r a t i o n o f r a i n f a l l , r u n o f f , a n d p o n d e d w a t e r . D e e p e r c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s( C h i c o t a n d E v a n g e l i n e ) a r e t h e s ourc e o f l a r g e v o l u m e , m u n i c i p a l a n di n d u s t r i a l g r o u n d w a t e r s u p p l i e s i n t h e area . T h e C h i c o t a n d E v a n g e l i n e a r e t h em a j o r a q u i f e r s i n t h e area a n d c o n s i s t o f i n t e r b e d d e d s a n d s , s i l t a n d c l a y s .

T h e C h i c o t a q u i f e r s y s t e m i n c l u d e s t h e u p p e r m o s t c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s i n t h e a r e aa n d g e n e r a l l y r e f e r s t o a l l Q u a t e r n a r y d e p o s i t s , i n c l u d i n g t h e u n c o n f i n e da l l u v i a l a q u i f e r s , t h e c o n f i n i n g B e a u m o n t c l a y , a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g M o n t g o m e r yF o r m a t i o n , B e n t l y F o r m a t i o n a n d V i l l i a B a n d . T h e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e a q u i f e ri n c r e a s e s t o w a r d t h e G u l f f r o m zero a t t h e w e s t e r n e d g e o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r yo u t c r o p ( 8 0 m i l e s f r o m t h e G u l f ) t o over 1 ,200 f e e t a t t h e G u l f ( a e eF i g u r e 3 - 3 ) . T h e a p p r o x i m a t e a l t i t u d e o f w a t e r l e v e l s i n w e l l s c o m p l e t e d i nt h e C h i c o t a q u i f e r i n t h e S p r i n g o f 1980 i s p r e s e n t e d o n F i g u r e 3-5.

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T h e t r a n s m i s s i v i t y o f t h e C h i c o t a q u i f e r r a n g e s f r o m t e r o t o about20,000 £ c 2 / d a y , w i t h s t o r a g e c o e f f i c i e n t s r a n g i n g f r o m 0.0004 i n t h e c o n f i n e darea o f t h e a q u i f e r t o 0.20 i n t h e n o r t h e r n , u n c o n f i n e d ar ea ( J o r g e n s e n ,1 9 7 5 ) .

T h e E v a n g e l i n e a q u i f e r , c o m p r i s e d o f P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s , i m m e d i a t e l yu n d e r l i e s t h e C h i c o t . I t i s t h e most i m p o r t a n t s ource o f f r e s h g r o u n d w a t e r i nt h e H o u s t o n m e t r o p o l i t a n area. A l t h o u g h i t l i a s a l o w e r h y d r a u l i c c o n d u c t i v i t yt h a n t h e C h i c o t , t h e t h i c k n e s s e s a r e g r e a t e r , u p t o about 2,000 f e e t near t h eG u l f o f M e x i c o . T h e a p p r o x i m a t e a l t i t u d e o f w a t e r l e v e l s c o m p l e t e d i n t h eE v a n g e i i n p a q u i f e r i n t h e S p r i n g o f 1980 i s p r e s e n t e d o n F i g u r e 3-6. T h et r a n s m i s s i v i t y o f t h e E v a n g e l i n e a q u i f e r i s g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e C h i c o t

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a q u i f e r over much o f t h e ar ea , r a n g i n g f r o m 5,000 f t 2 / d a y a t t h e n o r t ho f t h e p l a i n t o 15,000 f t 2 / d a y a t t h e G u l f . S t o r a g e c o e f f i c i e n t s r a n g e f r o m0.0005 in the s o u t h e r n c o n f i n e d area to 0.20 in the n o r t h e r n u n c o n f i n e d areaOorgens en , 1 9 7 5 ) .

T h e E v a g e l i n e a q u i f e r i s u n d e r l a i n b y t h e B u r k e v i l l e c o n f i n i n g l a y e r o f t h eT e r t i a r y F l e m m i n g F o r m a t i o n . B e l o w t h e B u r k e v i l l e i s t h e J a s p e r a q u i f e r .

G r o u n d w a t e r w i t h d r a w a l in t h e r eg i on d a t e s back t o about 1690. D u r i n g t h e p a s tc e n t u r y , p u m p i n g o f l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f water h a a caused s i g n i f i c a n t d e c l i n e sof up to 400 and 500 f e e t in the lower C h i c o t and E v a n g e l i n e a q u i f e r s ,r e s p e c t i v e l y .

R e c h a r g e o f t h e c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s r e s u l t s p r i m a r i l y f r o m d i r e c t i n f i l t r a t i o n i nt h e a q u i f e r o u t c r o p areas . O n l y minor v e r t i c a l r e c h a r g e occurs t h r o u g h t h ec o n f i n i n g b e d s o v e r l y i n g t h e a q u i f e r s .

T h « H a r r i a - G a l v e s t o n C o a s t a l S u b s i d e n c e D i s t r i c t i d e n t i f i e s 4 0 wa t e r p r o d u c t i o nw e l l s w i t h i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 m i l e s o f t h e s i t e . T h e s e w e l l s a r e shown o nF i g u r e 3 - 7 a n d t h e i r c o n s t r u c t i o n d a t a i s p r e s e n t e d o n T a b l e 3-1, F i g u r e 3 - 7shows t h a t t h e r e are 8 w e l l s w i t h i n a m i l e o f th e s i t e and 16 w e l l s w i t h i n2 m i l e s o f t h e s i t e , t h e c l o s e s t w e l l ( H o . 2 9 2 0 ) t o t h e s i t e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y3,000 f e e t t o th e s o u t h e a s t and the f i r s t screen ia in the C h i c o t a q u i f e r2 0 0 f e e t b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e .

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F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t o r s i d e n t i f i e d a n a d d i t i o n a l 3 0 w e l l s i m m e d i a t e l y s o u t h w e s t o ft h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e t h a t were n o t i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e H a r r i s - G a l v e a t o nC o a s t a l S u b s i d e n c e D i s t r i c t . T h e s e w e l l s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 3 - 2 a n d a r ep r i m a r i l y s h a l l o w ( 2 4 t o 2 2 0 f e « t ) , sma l l d i a m e t e r ( 2 - t o 4-inch c a s i n g )d o m e s t i c water s u p p l y w e l l s . F i g u r e 3 - 8 shows t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e s e w e l l s i nr e l a t i o n t o t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . T h e c l o s e s t w e l l i n t h i s g r o u p l o c a t e d a t13014 M a p l e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 0 0 f e e t s o u t h w e s t o f t h e w e s t e r n t i p o f t h e mainp i t .

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3.^.2 L o c a l H y d r o g e o l o g yT w o a q u i f e r s a r e p r e s e n t w i t h i n t h e 1 5 5 - f o o t d e p t h i n v e s t i g a t e d f o r t h i sr e p o r t : t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r , c o n s i s t i n g o f H o l o c e n e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s , a n d t h etower A q u i f e r c o n s i s t i n g o f a sa.id l a y e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 f e a t t h i c k a t a d e p t ho f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 5 f e e t . T h e t w o a q u i f e r s a r e h y d r a u t i c a l l y s e p a r a t e d b ya p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 0 f « « t o f P l e i s t o c e n e s e d i m e n t s c o n s i s t i n g p r e d o m i n a n t l y o fc l a y s . B o t h a q u i f e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a p a r t o f t h e C h i c o t a q u i f e r .

I n t h e s i t e a r e a , t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r e x t e n d s f r o m t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e t o aaax i taua d e p t h o f 5 5 f e e t ( E l e v a t i o n - 4 0 f e e t m s l ) . T h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e rV a l l e y , w h i c h c o n t a i n s t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r , i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 5 m i l e s w i d e i nt h e s i t e v i c i n i t y . T h e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s c o n s i s t p r i m a r i l y o f f i n e t c m e d i a ns a n d s ; h o w e v e r , d i s c o n t i n u o u s s i l t a n d c l a y l a y e r s a r e a l s o p r e s e n t . B e c a u s eo f t h e s e d i s c o n t i n u o u s s i l t a n d c l a y l a y e r s , t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r , w h i c h i sg e n e r a l l y u n c o n f i r m e d , m a y have l o c a l i z e d a r e a s where c o n f i n e d c o n d i t i o n se x i s t s .

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G r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l s i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r i n t h e s i t e area a r e g e n e r a l l y a t / o rnear t h e ground s u r f a c e w i t h e l e v a t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 t o1 4 f e e t . I n s e v e r a l a r e a s , t h e g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l c o i n c i d e s w i t h t h e w a t e rl e v e l i o t h e n u m e r o u s p o n d s , p i t s a n d m a r s h e s i n t h e a r e a s . Based o n w a t e rl e v e l s r e c o r d e d i n m o n i t o r i n g w e l l s a t t h e s i t e d u r i n g 1963 a n d 1 9 8 4 , t h eg r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l i a r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t w i t h f l u c t u a t i o n s o f o n l y a f e w f e e t .

T h e h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r i n t h e s i t e area i s r e l a t i v e l yf l a t , o n t h e o r d e r o f 0.001 f e e t / f e e t t o t h e n o r t h a n d s o u t h w e s t . L o c a l l y , t h eg r a d i e n t w i l l b e h i g h e r over s h o r t d i s t a n c e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y when t h e r e a r ea b r u p t c h a n g e s i n t h e e l e v a t i o n o f t h e ground s u r f a c e , s u c h a s t h e sand p i t s ,h i l l s i d e s a n d creeks. T h e l a r g e s t h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t ob served i s b e tween t h enain p i t and th e s l o u g h t o t h e n o r t h , which i s on t h e o r d e r o f 0.06 f e e t / f e e t .

T h e Lower A q u i f e r i a u n d e r a r t e s i a n c o n d i t i o n s w i t h a p i e z o m e t r i c s u r f a c e a ta p p r o x i m a t e l y E l e v a t i o n - 6 7 f e e t m e I . T h i s l e v e l i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 1 f e e tb e l o w t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n d 4 6 f e e t above t h e t o p o f t h e Lower A q u i f e r . Basedo n t h e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e c l a y s e p a r a t i n g t h e t w o a q u i f e r s a n d t h e l a r g e d i f f e r e n c ei n w a t e r l e v e l s , i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e t w o a q u i f e r s a r e h y d r a u l i c a l l y s e p a r a t e d .

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T h e g r a d i e n t i n t h e Lower A q u i f e r a p p e a r s t o b e o n t i n o r d e r o f 0.001 f e e t / f e e tt o w a r d t h e a o u t h .

B e n e a t h t h e s i t e , t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e C h i c o t a q u i f e r i s about 4 0 0 f e e t t h i c k ,e x t e n d i n g t o A p p r o x i m a t e l y E l e v a t i o n -500 f e e t rail a n d d i s p l a y s a n a v e r a g et r a n s s n s s i v i t y o f about 3,300 f t ^ / d a y ( J o r g e n a e n , 1 9 7 5 ) , T h e p i e z o m e t r v cs u r f a c e o f t h e c o n f i n e d uni t near t h e base o f t h e a q u i f e r b e n e a t h t h e l i t e w a sabout 1 0 0 f e e t b e l o w mean s e a l e v e l i n 1980 ( s e e F i g u r e 3 - 5 ) .

T h e E v a n g e l i n e a q u i f e r i a about 1,500 f e e t t h i c k b e n e a t h t h e s i t * , w i t h at r a n a a i a s i v i t y o f about 8,000 f t 2 / d a y . T h e p i e z o r a e t r i c s u r f a c e b e n e a t h t h ea i t e area wa s about E l e v a t i o n -250 f e e t rosl in 1960 ( s e e F i g u r e 3-6).

P i e z o r a e i r i c l e v e l s i n t h " d e e p c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s b e n e a t h t h e s i t e d e c l i n e dabou ' , 150 f e e t in th e C h i c o t and 250 f e e t ma I in th e E v a n g e l i n e b e twe en 1890and 1970 ( J o r g e n a e n , 1 9 7 5 ) .

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3 . 5 S U R F A C E W A T E RT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d a i t e e x p e r i e n c e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 2 i n c h e s o f r a i n p e r yearw i t h t h e g r e a t e s t s ea sona l r a i n f a l l o c c u r r i n g d u r i n g t h e l a t e s p r i n g / e a r l yturner a n d e a r l y f a l l m o n t h s . P r e c i p i t a t i o n a t t h e S a n J a c i n t o D a m j u s t n o r t hof the a i t e have ranged f r o m 35.03 to S O . 2 7 inches per year w i t h an average of5 2 . 1 6 in ch e s p e r year over t h e l a s t 20 y ear s . G r o s s s u r f a c e e v a p o r a t i o n r a t e sfor the same p e r i o d have ranged f r o m 43.2 to 55.8 -inches per year w i t h anaverage o f 49.91 inche s p er year. The p r e c e d i n g d a t a i s p r e s e n t e d in i t se n t i r e t y i n T a b l e 3-3. T a b l e 3 - 4 p r e s e n t s t h e m o n t h l y p r e c i p i t a t i o n a n de v a p o r a t i o n r a t e s f o r a t y p i c a l y e a r , in t h i s case 1980. E v a p o r a t i o n r a t e s a r et y p i c a l l y g r e a t e s t i n t h e summer m o n t h s w i t h t h e m o n t h s o f December , J a n u a r y ,a n d F e b r u a r y e x p e r i e n c i n g t h e l owe s t ra t e s . I n 1980, p r e c i p i t a t i o n f a rexceeded e v a p o r a t i o n i n J a n u a r y , M a r c h , a n d S e p t e m b e r .

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t Based o n " T e x a a W a t e r D e v e l o p m e n t B o a r d — R e p o r t 6 4 , M o n t h l y R e s e r v o i rE v a p o r a t i o n Rat ea f o r T e x a a 1940-1981," T e x a s N a t u r a l ResourcesI n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m , A u s t i n , T e x a s .

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1 Based o n " T e x a s W a t e r D e v e l o p m e n t B o a r d - R e p o r t 6 4 , M o n t h l y R e s e r v o i rE v a p o r n t i o n R a t e s f o r T e x a s 1 9 4 0 - 1 9 8 1 , " T e x a s N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e sI n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m , A u s t i n , T e x a s .

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33b e r i a s , p i t a , a n d g a r b a g e d u m p s o r f i l l a r e a s . T h e m a i n w a s t e p i t a n d t h r v a s tp i t ( F i g u r e 3 - 9 ) a r e berraed w i t h n o r e g u l a r l y f l o w i n g o u t l e t . T h e m a i n w a s t ep i t , h o w e v e r , d o e s have a n o v e r f l o w w h i c h d i s c h a r g e s d i r e c t l y i n t o t h « f i s h i n gh o l e u n d e r U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . T h e o v e r f l o w w a s i n s t a l l e d t o p r e v e n t o v e r l o a d i n go f t h e berias around t h e p i t d u r i n g h eavy r a i n s , a n d o n l y f l o w s u n d e r t h o s ec o n d i t i o n s .

T h e f i s h i n g h o l e b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e d r a i n s n o r t h w a r d a n d t h e nt o t h e west a l o n g t h e n o r t h a i d e o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . F ' o w p a s s e s t h r o u g h a Ca e r i e s o f m a r s h e s a n d c u l v e r t s , j u s t n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , e v e n t u a l l y * ~

*r"~'r e a c h i n g t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r some 6,000 f e e t t o t h e w e s t . T h e m a r s h a r e ar-e a s t o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d m a i n p i t i s a l s o i n t h i s d r a i n a g e a r e a . M u c h o f t h e Q

S i k e s D i s p o s a l P i t s s i t e a l s o d r a i n s i n t o t h i s same w a t e r s h e d . O

T h e a b a n d o n e d sand p i t s o u t h o f t h e s i t e d r a i n s i n t o a c h a n n e l w h i c h e n t e r sR i c k e t t L a k e some 4,800 f e e t t o t h e s o u t h w e s t . R i c k e t t L a k e i t shown i nF i g u r e 3-2. T h e creek i s t h e main n a t u r a l d r a i n a g e w a y f o r t h e area a n d l i k e l yi n f l u e n c e s t h e n e a r - s u r f a c e g r o u n d w a t e r f l o w p a t t e r n .

T h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r s o u t h o f t h e L a k e H o u s t o n D a m i s u n d e r t h e t i d a li n f l u e n c e s f r o m G a l v e s t o n Bay. T h i s r e a c h o f t h e r i v e r i s d e s i g n a t e d f o rc o n t a c t a n d n o n c o n t a c t w a t e r - o r i e n t e d r e c r e a t i o n , a s w e l l a s t h e p r o p a g a t i o n o ff i s h a n d w i l d l i f e . T h i s r ea ch i s n o t used a s a d o m e s t i c w a t e r s u p p l y ( T e x a sS u r f a c e W a t e r Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d s , a m e n d e d 1 9 8 1 ) .

T h e f l o o d o f M a y 22-24, 1983 a f f o r d e d t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o v i e w t h e s i t e d u r i n gf l o o d i n g c o n d i t i o n s . F i g u r e 3-10 shows t h e f l o w p a t t e r n s o b s e r v e d t h ea f t e r n o o n o f M a y 2 3 a n d m o r n i n g o f M a y 2 4 , T h e f l o o d p e a k e d t h e e v e n i n g o f

M a y 2 3 a n d w a s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 f e e t above p o r t i o n s o f t h e beno O J . 9 t o17.4 f e e t above m s l ) s u r r o u n d i n g t h e main w a o t e p i t a t t h a t t i m e . T h e 100-yearf l o o d e l e v a t i o n i n t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d a i t e v i c i n i t y i s 2 7 f e e t above i n s I , w h i l eth e 50-year and iO-year f l o o d e l e v a t i o n s are 24 f e e t and 17.6 f e e t ,r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h « 100-year f l o o d p l a i n f o r t h i * s e c t i o n o f t h e S a n J a c i n t oRiver i s shown on F i g u r e 3-11.

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I n A d d i t i o n C o t h e H a y 1983 event t h e s i t e h a s f l o o d e d i n ! 9 6 9 , I 9 7 3 , a n d I 9 7 9 ,T h e p o t e n t i a l f o r w a t t e i n d c o n t a m i n a t e d s u r f a c e w a t e r t r a n s p o r t d u r i n g f l o o deven t! i t g r e a t . D u r i n g a n d i h o r t l y a f t e r t h e a c t i v e y ear s o t t h i s s i t e ' so p e r a t i o n , t h e e o n t a a t n s n t m i g r a t i o n caused b y f l o o d i n g w a s l i k e l y g r e a t e r d u et o h i g h e r s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s , sore L i q u i d w a s t a s , U r g e amounts o f f l o a t i n gs l u d g e s a n d h i g h e r w a s t e concent r a t i o n i i n t h e m a i n w a s t e p i t w a t e r s . P a s tf l o o d e v e n t s have r e g u l a r l y f l o o d e d t h e r e s i d e n c e s i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o nH a t e d o n v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s no t ed o n t h e m o r n i n g o f H a y 2 4 , t h e s u b d i v i s i o n i sa p p a r e n t l y n o t i m m e d i a t e l y d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a t t h i s t i m e .I t d o e s , h o w e v e r , a p p e a r t o b e i n a b a c k w a t e r area d u r i n g f l o o d e v e n t s . A r e ar e s i d e n t s have r e p o r t e d t h a t a f t e r s e v e r a l o f t h e p a s t f l o o d s , s l u d g e s weret r a n s p o r t e d i n t o t h e s u b d i v i s i o n a n d r e m a i n e d when t h e f l o o d w a t e r s r e c e d e d .D u r i n g t h e H a y 1983 f l o o d , s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s o f t h e f l o a t i n g o i l y r e s i d u e weret r a n s p o r t e d s o u t h w a r d a c r o s s G u l f P u m p R o a d ; h o w e v e r , n o s l u d g e s o r o t h e rr e s i d u e s were n o t i c e d i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n .

3 . 6 A R E A L A N D U S E / P O P U U T I O NT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y I m i l e s o u t h o f C r o s b y , T e x a s a n do n e - h a l f m i l e west o f B a r r e t t , T e x a s . T h e c ombined p o p u l a t i o n o f t h eC r o a b y / B a r r e t t area i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 , 2 5 0 based o n t h e I 9 6 0 c ensus . T h e t w otowns serve a s s m a l l c o m m u n i t i e s t o t h e g r e a t e r H o u s t o n are s , w i t h many o f t h ei n h a b i t a n t s work ing f o r t h e i n d u s t r i e s around t h e H o u s t o n S h i p C h a n n e l .

T h e C r o s b y / B a r r e t t area i s p r i m a r i l y r e s i d e n t i a l w i t h some c ommerc ia l b u s i n e s s e se n d some sand m i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s a l o n g t h e S a n J a c i n t o River a n d i t s t r i b u t a r i e s .Some f a r m i n g a l s o occurs i n t h e o u t l y i n g areas . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 m i l e s west o ft h e s i t e , o n t h e w e s t e r n bank o f t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r , S t . R e g i s o p e r a t e s ap u l p / p a p e r m i l l .

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T h e area around t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s p r i m a r i l y u n d e v e l o p e d , d e n s e l ywooded l a n d w i t h l a r g e i n t e r m i t t e n t swampy areas. T h e area c o n t a i n s manya b a n d o n e d sand p i t s w h i c h a r e f r e q u e n t e d b y area s p o r t f i s h e r m e n . S o u t h w e s t o ft h e s i t e i « t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n ( s e e F i g u r e 3 - D w i t h a r e s i d e n t i a lp o p u l a t i o n o f around a h u n d r e d p e o p l e . T h e p r o p e r t y a d j a c e n t t o t h es u b d i v i s i o n , w a s used a a a l a n d f i l l b y H a r r i s C o u n t y i n t h e l a t e I 9 6 0 ' s . I t i sn o w used o n a n i n t e r m i t t e n t b a s i s a s a p i p e s t o r a g e y a r d . G u l f P u m p Road w h i c h

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b o r d e r s t h e s i t e o n t h e s o u t h shows e v i d e n c e o f i l l e g a l g a r b a g e d u m p i n g a l o n gt h e r o a d s i d e d i t c h e s .

A p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 m i l e west o f t h e s i t e a l o n g t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r a n d o n e - h a l fm i l e n o r t h o f t h e s i c e A l o n g J a c k s o n Bayou a r e numerous a c t i v e sand m i n i n go p e r a t i o n s .

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4 - ° F I E L D A C T I V I T I E S4 . 1 S O I L B O R I N G S4.1.1 S e l e c t i o n o f B o r i n g s a n d W e l l L o c a t i o n sT h i s s e c t i o n p r e s e n t s d a t a f o r b o r i n g s a n d v e i l s i n s t a l l e d d u r i n g t h r e e f i e l di n v e a t i g a t i o n a . D u r i n g t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , t w e l v e s o i l b o r i n g s ( b o r i n g s w i t h•oil s a m p l i n g ) were d r i l l e d a n d twenty-en* g r o u n d v a t e r m o n i t o r i n g w e l l s werei n s t a l l e d . T h e b o r i n g s ranged i n d e p t h f r o m 2 0 t o 1 5 5 f e e t . T v o p r i v a t e l yowned v e i l s ( G V 1 0 a n d G U l l ) a n d t w o v e i l s i n s t a l l e d b y T D W R ( G W 0 8 a n d G W 0 9 )were a l s o i n c l u d e d i n t h e m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m . T h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e b o r i n g s a n dw e l l s are p r e s e n t e d in T a b l e 4-1, on F i g u r e 4-1 and on P l a t e 8-1.

T h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e v e i l d e a i g n a n d l o c a t i o n w a s a s f o l l o w s :1 . G r o u n d w a t e r f l o w and t h u s t h e c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e w o u l d b« mos t

a i g n i f i c a n t in th e sandy a l l u v i u m ; t h e r e f o r e , moat o f th e w e l l s ar escreened in the a l l u v i u m .

2 . Becau s e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s g e n e r a l l y have A very c o m p l e x d e p o s i t i o n a lh i s t o r y a n d c a n vary f r o m coarse s a n d s t o c l a y s over a s h o r t d i s t a n c e ,i t was d e c i d e d to s creen as much of the veil l e n g t h as p r a c t i c a l . Byd o i n g t h i s , c o n t a m i n a n t s a t any l e v e l in t h e a l l u v i u m c o u l d b ed e t e c t e d .

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U s i n g t h i s r a t i o n a l e meant that the w e l l s p r i m a r y p u r p o s e was as a m o n i t o r i n gw e l l , a n d b y d e f a u l t , vater l e v e l r e a d i n g s o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e v e i l s were ac o m p o s i t e o f t h e s creened s e c t i o n o f t h e v e i l . I f a l o c a l i z e d c l a y l a y e rd i v i d e s t h e a l l u v i u m i n t o t v o sand l a y e r s , t h e n t h e r e c o u l d p o t e n t i a l l y b e t w od i f f e r e n t p i e x o r a e t r i c h e a d s i n t h e a l l u v i u m . S o m e o f t h e w e l l s d i d e n c o u n t e r ac o n f i n i n g c l a y l a y e r i n t h e a l l u v i u m , b u t t h i s d i d n o t seem t o a f f e c t t h ere corded water l e v e l s . T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s are f u r t h e r d i s c u s s e d inS e c t i o n 6.2.4, G r o u n d w a t e r M e a s u r e m e n t s .

4.1.2 D r i l l i n g a n d S o i l S a m p l i n g M e t h o d sT h e b o r i n g s were d r i l l e d u t i l i z i n g t r u c k a n d swamp b u g g y - t o o u n t e d r o t a r y washd r i l l i n g e q u i p m e n t u s i n g va t er o b t a i n e d f r o m a H a r r i s C o u n t y H U D 5 0 f i r eh y d r a n t . S m a l l amounts o f d r i l l i n g f l u i d a d d i t i v e s ( n o n - o r g a n i c b e n t o n i t ed e r i v a t i v e s ) were used i n b o r i n g B 0 0 2 / G W 0 2 , B 0 0 3 / G W 0 3 , B 0 0 5 / G W 0 5 r n d G W 1 2t h r o u g h G W 2 5 t o pr even t t h e bor ings f r o m c o l l a p s i n g .

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B a c k g r o u n d a h a l l o w b o r i n g / w e l l u p g r a d i e n t ( e a a t ) o fF r e n c h L i m i t e d .D e e p b o r i n g / w e l l e o u t h o f G u l f P u m p R o a d , d o w n g r a d i e n to f F r e n c h L i n i t e d .S h a l l o w b o r i n g / w e l l aouch o f G u l f P u m p R o a d , dovn-g r a d i e n t o f F r e n c h L i m i t e d , e a s t o f G U 0 2 .S h a l l o w b o r i n g / w e l l p o t e n t i a l l y d o w n g r a d i e n c f r o mF r e n c h L i m i t e d .S h a l l o w b o r i n g / w e l l n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , n o r t h w e s to f F r e n c h L i m i t e d , p o t e n t i a l l y d o w n g r a d i e n t .D e e p b o r i n g / w e l l a d j a c e n t C o e x i s t i n g E P A w e l l ( G W 0 8 )s o u t h e a s t o f nain l a g o o n .S h a l l o w b o r i n g s C o c l a y s t r a t u m a l o n g s o u t h e r n F r e n c hL i m i t e d b o u n d a r y t o d e f i n e e o i l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a l o n gp o t e n t i a l s l u r r y va i l a l i g n m e n t .S h a l l o w b o r i n g s t o c l a y s t r a t u m a l o n g e a s t e r n b o u n d a r yt o d e f i n e s o i l s a l o n g p o t e n t i a l s l u r r y w a l l a l i g n m e n t .S h a l l o w w e l l a d j a c e n t t o d e e p w e l l G W 0 2 , f o r m i n g ap i e z o m e t e r c l u s t e r p o t e n t i a l l y d o w n g r a d i e n t o f F r e n c hL i m i t e d a n d u p g r a d i e n t o f R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n .E x i s t i n g T D W R ve i l s o u t h e a s t o f main l a g o o n .E x i s t i n g T D W R vei l s o u t h w e s t o f main l a g o o n .G r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e f r o m a h a l l o w r e s i d e n c e w e l l i ns o u t h e r n h a l f o f R i v e r d a l e .G r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e f r o m a h a l l o w r e s i d e n c e w e l l i nn o r t h e r n h a l f o f R i v e r d a l e .

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D e e p b o r i n g / w a l l n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d t h e mainl a g o o n .S h a l l o w w t l l d o w n g r a d i e n t o f F r e n c h L i m i t e d a i t ef o r m i n g a p i e z o m e t e r c l u a t e r w i t h G V 1 2 .S h a l l o w ve i l n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d main l a g o o n ,p o t e n t i a l l y d o w n g r a d i e n t .S h a l l o w v e i l n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d main l a g o o n ,p o t e n t i a l l y d o w r \ g r a d i e n t .S h a l l o w w e l l n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d main l a g o o n ,p o t e n t i a l l y d o w n g r a d i e n t .S h a l l o w w e l l a o u t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d weat o faain l a g o o n .S h a l l o w w«l l i n n o r t h e r n s e c t i o n o f R i v e r d a l eS u b d i v i i i o n t o check f o r l o c a l con« o f d e p r e a a i o n .S h a l l o w w e l l «a»t o f R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n a n d s o u t ho f G u l f P u m p R o a d .S h a l l o w w e l l aouth o f G u l f Pump Road, d o v n g r a d i e n t o fmain l a g o o n .S h a l l o w w e l l o o u t h o f G u l f P u m p R o a d , d o w n g r a d i e n t o ftaain l a g o o n .S h a l l o w w e l l a ou th o f G u l f P u m p R o a d , d o w n g r a d i e n t o foain p i t .S t a f f g a u g e a uere i n a t a l l e d t o measure wat er l e v e l s i nsix p o n d s in and around the s i t e .

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T a b l e 4 - U B o r i n g / W e l l L o c a t i o n a n d S i t . S e l e c t i o n R a t i o n a l e( C o n t i n u e d , P a g e 3 o f 3 )

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S h a l l o w ve i l a t s o u t h w e s t corner o f l a n d f i l lS h a l l o w w e l l s o u t h o f l a n d f i l l .D e e p w e l l s o u t h o f main p i t r e p l a c i n g G W 0 6 ,

N o t e : B O — i n d i c a t e s s o i l b o r i n g w i t h s o i l s a m p l i n g .C W — i n d i c a t e s g r o u n d w a t e r m o n i t o r i n g w e l l .BO/CW -- i n d i c a t e s s o i l b o r ing c onver t ed to m o n i t o r i n g w a l lL G — i n d i c a t e a s t a f f gauge i n p o n d s .

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IB o r i n g s B001 t h r o u g h B O I 2 were l o g g e d d u r i n g t h e d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s , a n ds a m p l e s o f t h e s u b s u r f a c e s o i l s were o b t a i n e d f o t v i s u a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n dl a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g . S o i l s a m p l e s were t a k e n a t 5 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s t o a d e p t h o f1 0 O f e e t a n d a t 1 0 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s t h e r e a f t e r . I n b o r i n g G W 1 2 , s a m p l e s weret a k e n a t 1 0 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s f o r t h e d e p t h o f t h e b o r i n g . S o i l s a m p l e s wereo b t a i n e d u s i n g a S h e l b y T u b e s a m p l e r a n d v a r i o u s s p l i t s p o o n s a m p l e r s . T h es i a p l e r s a n d s a m p l i n g m e t h o d s a r e d e s c r i b e d o n P l a t e B 5 i n A p p e n d i x B . B e t w < » i . - is t a p l i n g i n t e r v a l s t h e b o r i n g s were l o g g e d f r o m c u t t i n g s a n d d r i l l i n g r a t e s .W e l l s G W 1 1 , a n d G W 1 3 t h r o u g h G U 2 5 were l o g g e d f r o m c u t t i n g s a n d d r i l l i n g r a t e sa t t a i n e d d u r i n g t h e d r i l l i n g p r o c e s s .

S o i l s were c l a s s i f i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e U n i f i e d S o i l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n S y s t e mp r e s e n t e d o n P l a t e B 5 * A g r a p h i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e s u b s u r f a c e s t r a t ae n c o u n t e r e d i n each b o r i n g i s p r e s e n t e d o n t h e L o g o f B o r i n g s i n A p p e n d i x B .

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T o a i d i n i d e n t i f y i n g p o s s i b l e c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a m p l e s , a p h o t o i o n i z a t i o nd e t e c t i o n ( P I D ) m e t e r w a s used d u r i n g t h e d r i l l i n g o f B001 t h r o u g h B 0 1 1 . T h em e t e r d e t e c t s v o l a t i r e d o r g a n i c s * n d i a s e n s i t i v e t o l e s s t h a n o n e - h a l f p a r tp e r m i l l i o n ( p p m ) . T h e m e t e r v a s used i n p l a c e o f t h e p H a n d s p e c i f i cc o n d u c t a n c e t e s t o o r i g i n a l l y p r o p o s e d i n t h e W o r k P l a r . T h e P I D r e a d i n g s a r ep r e s e n t e d in A p p e n d i x B on the Log of B o r i n g s Based on v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s ,o d o r s , a n d P I D r e a d i n g s c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a m p l e s were f o u n d o n l y i n b o r i n g si m m e d i a t e l y around t h e t h e main w a s t e p i t a n d i n b o r i n g B O l l a p p r o x i m a t e l y1 0 0 f e e t t o t h e s o u t h e a s t o f t h e main w a s t e p i t .

B o r e h o l e g e o p h y s i c a l l o g s were r u n o n b o r i n g s B001 t h r o u g h B O l l , e x c l u d i n g BOO?e n d B010, when t h e b o r i n g s were c o m p l e t e d t o t h e i r f u l l d e p t h . T h e b o r i n g w a st h e n e i t h e r c o n v e r t e d t o a g r o u n d w s t a r m o n i t o r i n g w e l l , a s d e s c r i b e d i nS e c t i o n 4.2, o r s e a l e d t o t h e ground s u r f a c e w i t h a c e m e n t / b e n t o n i t e g r o u t .S o i l c u t t i n g s f r o m t h e b o r i n g s were p l a c e d i n c o n t a i n e r s ! a n d d u m p e d i n t o t h emain w a s t e p i t s o s a t o p r e v e n t p o s s i b l e s u r f a c e c o n t a m i n a t i o n o u t s i d e t h ei m m e d i a t e o i t e area.

B o r i n g a n d g e o p h y s i c a l l o g s f o r t h e t w o S t a t e - o w n e d u e l l s ( G W 0 8 a n d G W 0 9 ) a sw e l l a s t h e t w o p r i v a t e l y owned w e l l s ( G W 1 0 a n d G W 1 1 ) were n o t a v a i l a b l e .T h e s e u e l l s were used f o r g r a u n d w s t e r l e v e l a n d c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s o n l y .

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^•1.3 B o r e h o l e G e o p h y s i c a l L o g g i n gT h e p u r p o s e o f t h e g e o p h y s i c a l l o g g i n g w a s t o p r o v i d e a c o n t i n u o u s p r o f i l e o ft h e s u b s u r f a c e s t r a t a , t o c o m p l e m e n t t h e s o i l b o r i n g l o g s a n d t o i d e n t i f y

p o s s i b l e t h i n sand a n d c l a y l e n s e s t h a t n i g h t b e m i s s e d d u r i n g t h e d r i l l i n go p e r a t i o n s . L o g g i n g w a a done u s i n g L o g r o a s t e r e q u i p m e n t . A b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o no f each t y p e o f l o g a n d i t s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a r a g r a p h s .

A, r e s i s t i v i t y and s e l f - p o t e n t i a l l og wa s run in t h e 6-inch d i a m e t e r b o r i n g sp r i o r to t e a m i n g or g r o u t i n g the b o r i n g . B o r i n g B005 and B010 were not l o g g e dbecause t h e y were i n a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e e q u i p m e n t . B o r i n g B 0 0 3 / G W 0 3 w a s l o g g e du s i n g a n a t u r a l gamma a n d a gamma-gamma d e n s i t y p r o b e a f t e r t h e w e l l w a si n s t a l l e d . T o a i d i n t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e l o g s t h e s o i l l o g i s p r e s e n t e do n t h e l e f t s i d e o f each p l a t e ( s e e A p p e n d i x B ) .

OCMT—OO

T h e l o g s showed o c c a s i o n a l t h i n sand l e n s e s i n t h e d e e p e r c l a y l a y e r s p a r t i c > —l a r l y i n b o r i n g s B 0 0 2 / G W Q 2 a n d B 0 0 6 / G W 0 6 . I t s h o u l d a l s o b e n o t e d t h a t i nb o r i n g BOOS a n d B009 ( n e a r t h e main w a s t e p i t ) t h e S i n g l e P o i n t R e s i s t a n c e i nth e l a n d s i s l ower t han w o u l d b e e x p e c t e d . T h i s i s p o s s i b l y cau s ed by rhep r e s e n c e o f i n o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a n t s , o r i o n i z a b l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s .

S i n g l e P o i n t R e s i s t a n c e — S i n g l e P o i n t R e s i s t a n c e i s a measure o f t h e a b i l i t y o fa s o i l f o r m a t i o n t o c onduc t e l e c t r i c current t h r o u g h f l u i d - s a t u r a t e d p o r es pa c e s ( r e s i s t i v i t y i s the inverse o f c o n d u c t i v i t y ) . At a g iven t e m p e r a t u r e ,t h e r e s i s t i v i t y o f a f o r m a t i o n I B & f u n c t i o n o f t h e g e o m e t r y o f i n t e r c o n n e c t e dpor e s p a c e s , t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f f l u i d s a t u r a t i o n , a n d i o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h epore f l u i d . C l a y - d o m i n a t e d f o r m a t iona have l o w r e s i s t i v i t i e s b e c a u s e porew a t e r s a r e s u b j e c t t o d e s o r p t i o n o f e x c h a n g e a b l e ions f r o m c l a y m i n e r a l s .T h e s e ions increa s e th e c o n d u c t i v i t y o f t h e por e w a t e r and t h e r e b y r educ e th er e s i s t i v i t y o f t h e f o r m a t i o n . S a n d d o m i n a t e d f o r m a t i o n s g e n e r a l l y have h i g hr e s i s t i v i t i e s i n cases where ( 1 ) t h e s & n d i s * ' c . j n n " ( i . e . , e s s e n t i a l l y f r e e o fc l a y ) ; ( 2 ) t h e por e f l u i d i s " f r e s h " ( i . e . , l o w s a l i n i t y ) ; a n d ( 3 ) t h e p o r o s i t yi a low. T h e m a g n i t u d e s o f r e s i s t i v i t i e s f o r sand f o r m a t i o n s a r e g r e a t l yr e d u c e d b y t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f even a s m a l l f r a c t i o n o f c l a y ( l e a s t h a n o n ep e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l v o l u m e ) . I n c r e a s i n g e i t h e r t h e p o r o s i t y o r t h e s a l i n i t yo f t h e por e w a t e r a l a o l o w e r s t h e f o r m a t i o n r e s i s t i v i t y .

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46S e l f - P o t e n t i a l — T h e b o r e h o l e s e l f - p a t e n t i a l l o g I B a m e a s u r e o f n a t u r a l d i r e c tc u r r e n t ( D C ) v o l t a g e s t h a t a r e g e n e r a t e d w i t h i n t h e b o r e h o l e . E l e c t r o c h e m i c a lp o t e n t i a l s are p r o d u c e d when t h e r e i s a d i f f e r e n c e : in ionic c o n c e n t r a t i o nb e t w e e n t h e b o r e h o l e f l u i d a n d t h e f o r m a t i o n w a t e r . I n a p e r m e a b l e f o r m a t i o n ,a p o t e n t i a l f o r m s where t h e b o r e h o l e f l u i d a n d f o r m a t i o n w a t e r come i n c o n t a c t .T h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n i o n m o b i l i t i e s w i t h i n t h e t w o s o l u t i o n s cau s e a n e l e c t r i c a lc h a r g e i m b a l a n c e a t t h e c o n t a c t , a n d t h i s i m b a l a n c e p r o d u c e s a p o t e n t i a l t h a ti s known a s t h e l i q u i d j u n c t i o n p o t e n t i a l . I n a d d i t i o n , a p o t e n t i a l i s f o r m e d•cross a c l a y - a a n d b o u n d a r y . T h e c l a y a c t s A S a s e l e c t i v e m e m b r a n e , r e j e c t i n ganion s b u t a l l o w i n g c a t i o n s t o d i f f u s e . T h e r e s u l t i n g c h a r g e i m b a l a n c e a t t h eb o u n d a r y i s known a s t h e membrane p o t e n t i a l . T h e s e two p o t e n t i a l s ar ea d d i t i v e . W h e n t h e b o r e h o l e f l u i d i s l e s s s a l i n e than t h e f o r m a t i o n w a t e r , an e g a : i v e p o t e n t i a l i s measured o p p o s i t e a p o r o u s sand or g r a v e l b e d . Ap o s i t i v e p o t e n t i a l c a n r e s u l t when t h e b o r e h o l e f l u i d i s more s a l i n e t h a n t h ef o r m a t i o n w a t e r . P o t e n t i a l s mea sur ed o p p o s i t e c l a y s serve a s a b a s e l i n e f o rs e l f - p o t e n t i a l d e f l e c t ions.

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N a t u r a 1 G a m m a - - T h i s l o g m e a s u r e s t h e n a t u r a l r a d i o a c t i v i t y o f t h e f o r m a t i o n se n c o u n t e r e d in th e b o r e h o l e . Gamma r a d i a t i o n occurs in th e h i g h e n e r g y rangeo f t h e e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c s p e c t r u m . N e a r l y a l l gamma r a d i a t i o n i s e m i t t e d f r o mt h e u n s t a b l e i s o t o p e p o t a s s i u m 4 0 w h i c h t e n d s t o c o n c e n t r a t e i n c l a y m i n e r a l s .I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f gamma i n t e n s i t y i n terras o f c l a y c o n t e n t i s q u a l i t a t i v e ; ah i g h gamma i n t e n s i t y ( c o u n t s p e r s e c o n d ) i n d i c a t e s h i g h c l a y c o n t e n t ( c l a y - r i c hs o i l ) , a n d l o w gamma i n t e n s i t y i n d i c a t e s l o w c l a y c o n t e n t ( s u g g e s t i n g a e a n d ys o i l ) .

Gamma-Gamma D e n s i t y — T h e gamma-gamma d e n s i t y l o g g i n g u t i l i z e s a p r o b ec o n t a i n i n g an e l e m e n t o f 125 m/c o f C e s i u m 137 a t the b o t t o m o f the p r o b e andB o d i u f f l i o d i d e c r y s t a l d e t e c t o r s 8.125 inches above t h e source. S a n d a a d s o r b smore e n e r g y than c l a y s «nd t h e r e f o r e show a lower r a d i a t i o n c oun t . On theg e o p h y s i c a l l o g s g r a p h , the p l o t was reversed so MO to have the same d i r e c t i o na s t h e natural gamma r e a d i n g s ( s e e P l a t e B - l l , A p p e n d i x B ) .

4.1.4 P h y s i c a l S o i l A n a l y s i sS o i l s a m p l e s f r o m t h e b o r i n g s were taken t o H L A ' s H o u s t o n l a b o r a t o r y f o rs e l e c t e d t e s t i n g a n d s t o r a g e . L a b o r a t o r y t e s t a were p e r f o r m e d i n o r d e r t oe v a l u a t e t h e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e s i t e s o i l s f o r u s e i n c o n t a m i n a n t

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t r a n s p o r t m o d e l i n g a n d a n a l y s i s a s w e l l a s f o r c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h f i e l d t e s t s .The t e a t s p e r f o r m e d and the s t a n d a r d s used are p r e s e n t e d in T a b l e 4-2.

The t e s t r e s u l t s are p r e s e n t e d on the b o r i n g l o g s and in A p p e n d i x C as d e s c r i b e do n P l a t e C l . P a r t i c l e s i z e a n a l y s e s a r e p r e s e n t e d o n P l a t e s C 2 t h r o u g h C I 2 ,T h e gra in s ize d i s t r i b u t i o n range f o r t h e c l e a n sands a n d s i l t y s a n d s / s a n d ya i l t s ar e p r e s e n t e d on P l a t e s C2 and C3, r e s p e c t i v e l y . The p e r c e n t p a s s i n g th eN o . 2 0 0 sieve ( s i l t / c l a y f r a c t i o n ) i s a l s o p r e s e n t e d o n t h e b o r i n g l o g s .

T h e A t t e r b e r g L i m i t s ( L i q u i d L i m i t a n d P l a s t i c i t y I n d e x ) a r e p r e s e n t e d o nP l a s t i c i t y C h a r t s , P l a t e s C13 t h r o u g h C 1 5 , a s w e l l a s on the bor ing l o g s .S p e c i f i c g r a v i t y a n d l a b o r a t o r y p e r m e a b i l i t y r e s u l t s a r e p r e s e n t e d o n t h eb o r i n g l o g s . T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e l a b o r a t o r y t e a t s f o r each F o r m a t i o n a r esummarized on T a b l e s 4-3 and 4-4.

T a b l e 4 - 3 p r e s e n t s t h e l a b o r a t o r y d a t a o n t h e a l l u v i u m . T h e a l l u v i u m c o n s i s t so f c l e a n s a n d s , s i l t y s a n d s , s a n d y s i l t s a n d c l a y s . T h e s a n d s a r e m e d i u mdense and are g e n e r a l l y f i n e t o medium g r a i n e d . R e m o l d e d p e r m e a b i l i t y t e s t sshow v e r t i c a l p e r m e a b i l i t i e s on the order of 10" c m / s e c . Based on grains i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e h o r i z o n t a l p e r m e a b i l i t y o f t h e c l e a n s a n d s i s on th eo r d e r o f 10" c W f l e c .

T h e a l l u v i a l c l a y s a r e s t i f f t o very s t i f f a n d have m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t s tha tvaried f r o m 14 to 35 p e r c e n t . The dry d e n s i t i e s ranged f r o m 90 to 117 p c f .The measured v e r t i c a l p e r m e a b i l i t y o f c l a y ranged f r o m 10~ t o 10"? c m / s e c .

T h e l a b o r a t o r y t e s t r e s u l t s o n t h e P l e i s t o c e n e s o i l s u n d e r l y i n g t h e a l l u v i u ma r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 4-4. T h e c l a y s a r e very s t i f f t o hard w i t h m o i s t u r ec o n t e n t s b e twe en 15 and 33 p e r c e n t , and dry d e n s i t i e s b e t w e e n 86 and1 1 2 p c f . T h e c l a y s a r e g e n e r a l l y h i g h l y p l a s t i c w i t h treasured v e r t i c a ll a b o r a t o r y p e r m e a b i l i t i e s on the order of I0~? e r a / s e c .

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II 51A s s e s s m e n tBased o n t h e e x p l o r a t i o n b o r i n g s , g e o p h y s i c a l l o g s a n d p h y s i c a l s o i l t e s t s , t h es u b s u r f a c e s o i l * a r e i n t e r p r e t e d a s f o l l o w s . W i t h i n t h e s i t e area a n d d e p t h o fi n t e r e s t t o t h e p r o j e c t , t h e r e a r e t w o t y p e s o f s o i l d e p o s i t s ; t h e r e l a t i v e l yp e n a e a b l e S a n J a c i n t o River a l l u v i u m a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g r e l a t i v e l y i m p e r m e a b l eP l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t * . T h e v e r t i c a l a n d l a t e r a l e x t e n t o f t h e a l l u v i u m i n t h es i t e i s shown on the s u b s u r f a c e p r o f i l e p r e s e n t e d on F i g u r e s 4-2 and 4-3 ( a l s otee P l a t e s B~3 and B-4). The l o c a t i o n of the s e p r o f i l e s i* shown on F i g u r e 4-4( a l s o s e e P l a t e B l ) .

T h e m e a n d e r i n g S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r e r od ed t h e u n d e r l y i n g P l e i s t o c e n e c l a y s o i l st o d e p t h s o f 2 0 t o 5 5 f e e t i n t h e s i t e area. D u r i n g t h e e r o s i o n p r o c e s s , t h er iv er w a s a l s o f i l l i n g t h e e r o d e d v a l l e y w i t h p o i n t b a r , c h a n n e l a n d o v e r b a n kd e p o s i t s . A s a r e s u l t o f t h i s d e p o s i t i o n s ! e n v i r o n m e n t , t h e a l l u v i u m m a y b ec h a r a c t e r i z e d a s f o l l o w s :

1 . T h e a l l u v i u m c o n s i s t s p r e d o m i n a n t l y o f s a n d , w i t h some s i l t a n d c l a yl a y e r s which have been d e p o s i t e d d u r i n g d i f f e r e n t s t a g e s o f f l o w f r o mS a n J a c i n t o River. T h e u p p e r 2 5 f e e t ( t o E l e v a t i o n - 1 0 f e e t ) i s af i n e t o medium Band w i t h very l i t t l e f i n e s , b e l o w 2 5 f e e t t h e a l l u v i u mc o n t a i n s s i g n i f i c a n t l y more f i n e s .

2. The a l l u v i u m is r e l a t i v e l y p e r m e a b l e and s h o u l d be c o n s i d e r e dc o n t i n u o u s t h r o u g h o u t t h e river v a l l e y ; however, l a y e r s o f lowerp e r m e a b l e s i l t s a n d c l a y s a l s o ex i s t i n t h e d e p o s i t a n d c o u l d f o r t iocca s ional l o c a l i z e d c o n f i n e d tones i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r .

3 . T h e c o n t a c t b e t w e e n t h e a l l u v i u m a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g B e a u m o n t F o r m a t i o ni s i r r e g u l a r b e cause o f t h e m e a n d e r i n g o f t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r .

4 . The measured v e r t i c a l p e r m e a b i l i t y in the a l l u v i a l s a n d s i s on theo r d e r o f 10~3 c m / s e c . T y p i c a l l y , t h e h o r i z o n t a l p e r m e a b i l i t y i smuch h i g h e r t h a n t h e v e r t i c a l p e r m e a b i l i t y i n a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s . T h eh o r i z o n t a l p e r m e a b i l i t y i n t h e a l l u v i a l s a n d s i s e s t i m a t e d f r o ml a b o r a t o r y t e a t s to be on the order of 1Q~2 c m / s e c .

T h e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s a r e u n d e r l a i n b y P l e i s t o c e n e s e d i m e n t s t o gr ea t d e p t h s .T h e Beaumont F o r m a t i o n i s t h e f i r s t P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t u n d e r l y i n g t h e a l l u v i u mand i t io p r e d o m i n a n t l y c l a y w i t h some d i s c o n t i n u o u s s i l t and sand l a y e r s . Thec l a y s a r e g e n e r a l l y h i g h l y p l a s t i c w i t h a s t i f f t o very s t i f f c o n s i s t e n c y . T h ec l a y s have n b l o c k y s e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e w i t h o c c a s i o n a l s l i c k e n s i d e s .

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S a n d a n d s i l t l a y e r s i n t h e c l a y a r e t y p i c a l l y l e s s t h a n a f e w J e e t t h i c k .B o r i n g s B006, B012 a n d G W 2 5 were d r i l l e d t o t h e f i r s t s i g n i f i c a n t sand l a y e r i nt h e P l e i s t o c e n e c l a y s . I n b o r i n g B006, a very d e n s e sand l a y e r w a s e n c o u n t e r e da t a d e p t h o f 1 2 7 f e e t t h a t e x t e n d e d t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 5 f e e t ( b o t t o m o fb o r i n g ) . T h e sand : . o f i n e g r a i n e d w i t h some S i l t . Based o n g r a i n s i z ed i s t r i b u t i o n a n d s l u g t e s t d a t a , t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y o f t h e sand zone i s e s t i m a t e dto be on the o r d e r of 10*"-* e r a / s e c .

Based on v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n , odor and o r g a n i c v a p o r r e a d i n g s w i t h a p h o t o i o n i -e a t i o n d e t e c t o r ( P I t > ) c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a m p l e s f r o m t h e b o r i n g s were o b s e r v e do n l y in the u p p e r 25 f e e t and o n l y in b o r i n g s around the p e r i m e t e r o f the mainu a e t e l a g o o n i n c l u d i n g b o r i n g B O H t o t h e s o u t h e a s t . P o s i t i v e P I D r e a d i n g swere n o t e d at QO06, B O O S , B009 , B011 and G W 2 5 . No s o i l c o n t a m i n a t i o n wasp h y s i c a l l y o b s e r v e d i n t h e r e m a i n i n g b o r i n g s .

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4 . 2 G R O U N D W A T E R M D N I T O R I N G W E L L S4 . 2 , 1 I n s t a l l a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n tS e l e c t b o r i n g s were c o n v e r t e d t o g r o u n d w a t e r m o n i t o r i n g w e l l s b y r e a m i n g w i t he i t h e r a 4-inch or an 8-inch d i a m e t e r b i t t o th e d e s i r e d d e p t h . I m m e d i a t e l ya f t e r r e a m i n g , a 2-inch o r 4-inch d i a m e t e r , t h r e a d e d , f l u s h - j o i n t P V C c a s i n gwas se t in the b o r i n g . The b o t t o m p o r t i o n of the c a s i n g was s c r e ened and se tso a s to p e n e t r a t e the b o t t o m of the p e r v i o u s sand s t r a t u m . A l o n g s c r e ens e c t i o n was g e n e r a l l y used so c o n t a m i n a n t s at any l e v e l in the a q u i f e r w o u l d bei n t e r c e p t e d . T h e s c r e ened p o r t i o n w a s machine s l o t t e d a t 0 .02-inch w i d t h s a n dw a s w r a p p e d i n g e o t e x t i l e f i l t e r f a b r i c ( F i b e r t e x , g r a d e 1 5 0 ) .

A f t e r s e t t i n g t h e c a s i n g t o t h e d e s i r e d d e p t h , t h e b o r i n g w a s f l u s h e d o fd r i l l i n g f l u i d s b y p u m p i n g c l e a n w a t e r down t h r o u g h t h e c a s i n g a n d o u t t h r o u g hEhe screen and a s p r i n g - l o a d e d check v a l v e a t the b o t t o m o f the c a s i n g .F l u s h i n g c o n t i n u e d u n t i l t h e r e t u r n f l o w o f w a t e r w a s f r e e o f s i g n i f i c a n tq u a n t i t i e s o f d r i l l i n g m u d a d d i t i v e s o r n a t u r a l mud. F o r s h a l l o w w e l l s , 3 0 0 t o500 g a l l o n s o f c l e a n w a t e r wa s t y p i c a l l y used w h i l e 600 t o 800 g a l l o n s wereused on th e d e e p e r w e l l s .

A f t e r f l u s h i n g , t h e a n n u l u s o f t h e s c r e ened c a s i n g w a s b a c k f i l l e d w i t h sm e d i u m t o c oar s e o a n d . A f t e r t h e sand b a c k f i l l w a s p l a c e d , t h e r e m a i n i n g

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56p o r t i o n o f t h e a n n u l u s w a s f i l l e d w i t h a c c m e n t / b e n t o n i t e s l u r r y . O n s h a l l o wv e i l s , t h e s l u r r y w a s p o u r e d f r o m t h e ground s u r f a c e w h i l e o n t h e d e e p w e l l * i tw a s p u a p e d t h r o u g h a t r e n i e p i p e . V e n t e d p l a s t i c c a p s were p l a c e d o n t h e P V Cc a s i n g , a n d l o c k i n g 5 - f o o t l o n g m e t a l p r o t e c t o r c a s i n g a were s e t around t h ew e l l s . T h e p r o t e c t i v e c a s i n g s were then c o n c r e t e d i n p l a c e . D e t a i l s o f t h ew e l l c o n s t r u c t i o n are p r e s e n t e d on T a b l e 4-5, on the B o r i n g L o g s , and on theS u b s u r f a c e P r o f i l e s i n A p p e n d i x B .

T h e w e l l s were d e v e l o p e d b y r e m o v i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 t o 1 1 t i m e s t h e v o l u m e o fw a t e r i n t h e c a s i n g . A s a m i n i m u m , t h e w e l l s were p u r g e d u n t i l t h e w a t e rc l a r i t y s i g n i f i c a n t l y i m p r o v e d . T h e amount o f w a t e r i n each w e l l i s p r e s e n t e di n T a b l e 4-5. A s * n a d d i t i o n a l a i d i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e w e l l ' s d e v e l o p m e n t , t h ec o n d u c t i v i t y o f t h e e v a c u a t e d w a t e r w a s mea sur ed i n t h e w e l l s i n s t a l l e d i nA p r i l 1983. T h e s e conduct! .- , i t y r e a d i n g s r emained r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t d u r i n gt h e d e v e l o p m e n t .

M o ? t o f t h e w e l l s were d e v e l o p e d b y e v a c u a t i n g t h e w a t e r f r o m t h e w e l l u s i n ge i t h e r a 20 c fm or a 175 c fm air c o m p r e s s o r , A 3 / 4 - i n c h air hose l o w e r e d tot h e b o t t o m o f t h e w e l l m a i n t a i n e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 5 t o 1 0 0 p s i d u r i n gd e v e l o p m e n t . T h e wat er o b t a i n e d f r o m w e l l s G W 0 1 t h r o u g h G W 0 7 w a s d i s c h a r g e di n t o b a r r e l s by u a i n g an i n v e r t e d U ~ s h a p « d d i v e r t e r p l a c e d over eh e t op o f t h ec a s i n g . The volume removed was r e c o r d e d f i n d t h en p l a c e d in th e main l a g o o n t op r e v e n t p o s s i b l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f t h e area around t h e w e l l . W e l l s G W 0 5 f C W i 2 ,

G W 1 4 R , G W 2 3 , G W 2 4 a n d G W 2 5 were d e v e l o p e d b y b a i l i n g .4 ' 2 - 2 M o n i t o r W e l l T e s t aS l u g t e s t s were p e r f o r m e d o n w e l l s G W 0 1 t h r o u g h G W 0 7 i n o r d e r t o e v a l u a t e t h eh y d r a u l i c c o n d u c t i v i t y ( c o e f f i c i e n t o f p e r m e a b i l i t y ) o f t h e s c r e ened a q u i f e r .T h e "a lug" c o n s i s t e d o f a s a n d - f i l l e d w a t e r - t i g h t s e c t i o n o f 2-inch d i a m e t e rP V C c a s i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 f e e t l o n g .

T h e s l u g w a s q u i c k l y lowered i n t o t h e w e l l , c a u s i n g a ri se i n w a t e r l e v e l equalt o t h e d i s p l a c e d volume o f w a t e r , t h e wa t e r l e v e l i m m e d i a t e l y began d r o p p i n ga n d w a s a l l o w e d t o s t a b i l i z e . W i t h r a p i d removal o f t h e s l u g , t h e wa t e r l e v e lw a a s u d d e n l y l ower ed a n d r e c h a r g e b egan . D u r i n g t h e t e s t , w a t e r l e v e l v e r su st i m e m e a s u r e m e n t s were taken u s i n g a p r e o s u r e t r a n s d u c e r p l a c e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y

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-8.9-14.2

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-129.0

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-128.1-6.5

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11.39.5

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1 0 f e e t b e l o w t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e . T h e p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r w a s s e n s i t i v e t o1 m i l l i v o l t , w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d s t o a 0 . 0 6 - f o o t c h a n g e i n w a t e r l e v e l . R e a d i n g swere t a k e n m a n u a l l y a s w e l l a s w i t h a s t r i p - c h a r t r e c o r d e r t h a t p r o v i d e d ac o n t i n u o u s g r a p h o f t h e t r a n s d u c e r r e a d o u t w i t h t i m e . T o b e t t e r s u b s t a n t i a t et h e r e s u l t s , t h e water l ev e l change w i t h t ime f o r b o t h t h e s u d d e n a d d i t i o n a n dr e m o v a l o f t h e s l u g w a s r e c o r d e d .

A g r a p h i c a l p l o t o f t h e s l u g t e s t d a t a i s p r e s e n t e d i n A p p e n d i x 0 .

S l u g t e s t d a t a f o r f u l l y o r p a r t i a l l y - p e n e t r a t i n g w e l l s i n u n c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s i p k( w e l l s G W 0 1 . G W 0 3 , G W 0 5 a n d G W 0 7 ) were r e d u c e d u s i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e d e v e l o p e d by"^~Bouwer a n d R i c e ( 1 9 7 6 ) . D a t a f o r w e l l s G W 0 2 , C W 0 4 a n d GU06 were r educ ed u s i n g

*e~p r o c e d u r e s f o r c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r s d e v e l o p e d b y C o o p e r , B r ' S d e h o e f t a n d P a p d o p u l o s , — .( 1 9 6 7 ) . T h e c a l c u l a t e d p e r m e a b i l i t y o f t h e s c r e e n e d a q u i f e r s i s p r e s e n t e d i n OT a b l e 4 - 6 a n d i n A p p e n d i x D .

4 . 2 . 3 S t a f f G a u g e sD u r i n g t h e D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 3 f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n , s t a f f g a u g e s were c o n s t r u c t e d a n ds e t i n t h e v a r i c u s b o d i e s o f w a t e r i n t h e s i t e area. T h e g a u g e l o c a t i o n s a r eshown o n F i g u r e 4 - 5 , G r o u n d w a t e r C o n t o u r s 12-7-83. T h e w a t e r l e v e l r e a d i n g sf o r t h e m o n i t o r i n g p e r i o d a r e p r e s e n t e d o n T a b l e 4 - 7 . W a t e r l e v e l s o n H a y 1 7 ,1984 are shown on F i g u r e 4-6.

4 . 2 . 4 G r o u n d w a t e r M e a s u r e m e n t sG r o u n d w a t e r m e a s u r e m e n t s were t a k e n i n t h e m o n i t o r i n g w e l l s over a 1-yearp e r i o d ( b e t w e e n A p r i l 1 9 8 3 a n d M a y 1 9 8 4 ) . A c o m p l e t e l i s t i n g o f a l l t h e d a t e sa n d w a t e r l e v e l s i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 4 - 8 . H y d r o g r a p h s o f t h e m o n i t o r w e l l sa t e p r e s e n t e d on F i g u r e s 4-7 t h r o u g h 4-11 and in A p p e n d i x E .

T h e r e a r e s e v e n t e e n w e l l s s c r e ened i n t h e a l l u v i a l s e d i m e n t s a n d s i x w e l l s( G W 0 1 , G W 0 2 , G W 0 4 , G W O b , G W 1 2 , a n d G W 2 5 ) s c r e ened i n t h e P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s ,t h r e e o f w h i c h ( G W 0 6 , G W 1 2 , a n d G W 2 5 ) a r e d e e p w e l l s s c r e ened i n t h e f i r s ts i g n i f i c a n t sand l a y e r b e l o w e h e a l l u v i u m . Over t h e 13-month m o n i t o r i n gp e r i o d , t h e maximum a n d minimum re corded g r o u n d w a t e r f l u c t u a t i o n i n t h e w e l l ss c r e e n e d i n t h e a l l u v i u m w a s 3 . 5 1 f e e t a n d 0 . 4 9 f e e t , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e w e l l si n t h e u p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s h a d f l u c t u a t i o n s b e t w e e n 0 . 9 1 f e e t i n w e l l

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12.909.80

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N o t e : E l e v a t i o n s r e f e r t o M e a n S e a L e v e l D a t u r a ( 1 9 6 3 S u r v e y ) i n f e e t .L G d e n o t e s F r e n c h L i m i t e d g a u g e s BS G d e n o t e s S i k e a D i s p o s a l P i t s g a u g e s .

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1 9 8 34/20 4/29

22.08 21.853.59 3.478.84 8.47

11.93 11.399.79 9.46

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21.973. S39.43

13.1011.49

-68.3312.1519.219.91—

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6/01

22.224.98

10.2312.3910.86

-68.3714.3312.2111.06—

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22 .m4.449.24

12.0310.62

-68.2013.9R11.0310.52—

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6 / 1 5

21.903.628.82

11.429.86

-68.2313.569.208.88_

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6 / 2 2

21.923.859.19

12.3210.45

-68.0813.5410.9810.24—

—_——————__——-—

U / 3 0

21.893.988.47

10.778.92

-66.6711.859.679.77

-66.258.898.109.068.95

10.33I t . 0 310.979.139.428.84—

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21.934.238.71

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21.914.158.71

11.339.52

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10.58I I . 6 2H . 8 5

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22.484.689.84

13.7911.08

-66.5012.4711.0410.15

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10.7310.7710.8212.2112.07—10.0412.21— .

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22.694.659.52

13.5?to.%-66.48

12.4110.8210.06

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22.774.649.52

13.3810.98

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been i n s t a l l e d b y o t h e r s i n t h e a l l u v i u m t h a t a r ei n sand l a y e r s i s o l a t e d b y c l a y zones. T h e s e w e l l s showed o n l y s l i g h t

v a r i a t i o n s i n w a t e r l e v e l s i n t h e a l l u v i u m , r a n g i n g f r o m 0.02 f e e t t o0.41 f e e t . W a t e r l e v e l s i n t h e p o n d s a n d s l o u g h s i n t h e area a r e g e n e r a l l y a to r s l i g h t l y h i g h e r t h a n t h e g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l s . T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t somer e c h a r g e o f t h e a l l u v i u m i s o c c u r r i n g a t t h e p i t s a n d p o n d s i n t h e area.

T h e g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l i n G W 0 1 i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r t h a n t h e p i e z o r a e t r i cl e v e l s i n o t h e r w e l l s . T h i s i s l i k e l y r e l a t e d t o i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l a s w e l l a si t s g e o l o g i c a l l o c a t i o n . S c r e e n e d i n t h e Beaumont F o r m a t i o n w h i c h f o r m s t h eeas t v a l l e y w a l l o f t h e f o r m e r S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r m e a n d e r , t h e p i e z o r a e t r i c l e v e li n G W 0 1 a v e r a g e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 f e e t h i g h e r t h a n t h e p i e z o r a e t r i c l e v e l i n t h eve i l * s cr e ened i n t h e a l l u v i u m . T h e n a t u r a l ground e l e v a t i o n a t G W 0 1 a v e r a g e sA p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 4 f e e t above t h e n a t u r a l ground e l e v a t i o n around t h e r e m a i n i n gv e i l s . G W 0 1 i s most p r o b a b l y h y d r a u l i c a l l y i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e a l l u v i u m a n d i ss c r e en ed i n a l o c a l l y c o n f i n e d w a t e r b e a r i n g zone o f t h e B e a u m o n t , T h u s , t h ep i e z o r a e t r i c l e v e l i n G W 0 1 i s n o t c o m p a r a b l e t o w a t e r l e v e l s i n w e l l s s c r e en edi n a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s .

4.2.5 A s s e s s m e n t

T h e g r o u n d w a t e r s y s t e m i n t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e area i s a s s e s s e d a s f o l l o w s .T h e » i t c i c u n d e r l a i n b y p e r m e a b l e r iver a l l u v i u m t h a t e x t e n d s t o m a x i m u md e p t h s o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 5 f e e t . T h i s a l l u v i u m c o m p l i n e s t h e U p p e r A q u i f e rwhi ch i s g e n e r a l l y « n u n c o n f i n e d s y s t e m t h r o u g h o u t t h e s i t e area. G r o u n d w a t e rl e v e l s i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r a r e g e n e r a l l y near t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . G r o u n d w a t e rf l o w i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r i s c o n f i n e d t o t h e a l l u v i u m b y t h e r e l a t i v e l y

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70i m p e r m e a b l e P l e i s t o c e n e c l a y d e p o s i t s w h i c h u n d e r l i e t h e a l l u v i u m a n d f o r m t h eeaat v a l l e y w a l l . T h e P l e i a t o c e n e d e p o s i t s w i t h i n 1 5 5 f e e t o f t h e grounds u r f a c e ( m a x i m u m d e p t h e x p l o r e d f o r t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n ) f o r m a n A q u i t f l r d whichr e s t r i c t s downward g r o u n d w a t e r m i g r a t i o n f r o m t h e a l l u v i u m . T h e P l e i s t o c e n ed e p o s i t s g e n e r a l l y cons i s t o f l o w p e r m e a b i l i t y c l a y s ; however, aoae t h i n s i l tand sand layer* are p r e s e n t in the c l a y s . The f i r c t a i g n i f i c a n t aand layer inthe <ice area (abou t 30 f e e t t h i c k aa ahown in G W 0 6 ) ie at a d e p t h ofa p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 5 f e e t . S u b s u r f a c e p r o f i l e a t h r o u g h t h e c i t e area ahowing t h ee x t en t o f t h e a l l u v i u m ( U p p e r A q u i f e r ) a n d t h e P l e i s t o c e n e (Beaumont F o r m a t i o n )d e p o s i t s are shown on F i g u r e s 4~2 and 4-3, and in A p p e n d i x 0.

The p i e z o a e t r i c water l eve l in t h i s d e e p sand layer ( L o w e r A q u i f e r ) iaa p p r o x i m a t e l y 80 f e e t below the ground s u r f a c e . The 7 5 - f o o t d i f f e r e n c e inwater l e v e l s b e tween th e U p p e r and Lower A q u i f e r i n d i c a t e d th e two areh y d r a u l i c a l l y i s o l a t e d . A n o t h e r i n d i c a t i o n o f h y d r a u l i c i s o l a t i o n between t h etwo a q u i f e r s i a t h e water l ev e l f l u c t u a t i o n s . The u p p e r u n c o n f i n e d a q u i f e r ha sl a r g e r r e l a t i v e l y r a p i d water l eve l f l u c t u a t i o n s because i t i s r e chargedl o c a l l y f r o m t h e s u r f a c e . F l u c t u a t i o n s i n t h e Lower A q u i f e r a r c s m a l l e r a n d o fl o n g e r d u r a t i o n . T h u a , there are two m a j o r g r o u n d w a t e r s y s t e m s at the s i t ew i t h i n t h e d e p t h o f i n t e r e s t , t h e a l l u v i u m ( U p p e r A q u i f e r ) a n d t h e d e e p sandl a y e r a t t h e d e p t h o f 125 f e e t (Lower A q u i f e r ) .

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Because the was t e pit i s in Che a l l u v i u m which is r e l a t i v e l y p e r m e a b l e , ther a a j o r i t y o f t h e w e l l s were i n s t a l l e d t o d e f i n e t h e h o r i z o n t a l m i g r a t i o n o fc o n t a m i n a n t s . Aa d i s c u s s e d in the previoua s e c t i o n , i s o l a t e d c l ay l a y e r s inthe a l l u v i u m do not a p p e a r to s i g n i f i c a n t l y a l t e r the p i e z o m e t r i r s u r f a c e inthe a l l u v i u m . T h e r e f o r e , a l l o f th e s h a l l o w w e l l s in th e a l l u v i u m and lakegauge s in the area are a p p r o p r i a t e for uae in d e v e l o p i n g groundwaier contourm a p s . Two g r o u n d v a t e r contour siape were p r e p a r e d and are p r e s e n t e d onF i g u r e s 4-5 and 4-6 «nd in A p p e n d i x E. T h e s e g roundwat e r contour maps wereused to de t enaine the g r a d i e n t s and d i r e c t i o n of groundwater f l o w . Thed i r e c t i o n of f l o w ia p e r p e n d i c u l a r to the groundwater contours and theh y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t is Che change in he«d between two p o i n t s on a f l o w l ined i v i d e d by the h o r i z o n t a l d i s t a n c e between the two p o i n t s .

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71T h e g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t o u r m a p s chow t h e g r o u n d w a t e r f l o w f r o m t h e I D a i n p i t t o b er a d i a l l y ou tward i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s ( i . e . t h e p i t i s r e c h a r g i n g t h e g r o u n d w a t e r ) .Beyond t h e berra s u r r o u n d i n g t h e p i t , t h e g r o u n d w a t e r f l o w t oward t h e ea s t i tr e s t r i c t e d b y t h e P l e i s t o c e n e c l a y s a n d t h a h i g h e r p i e z o m e t r i c w a t e r l e v e l s i nt h e s i l t a n d sand l a y e r s ( s e e w e l l s G W 0 1 a n d G W 0 4 ) . N o r t h o f t h e p i t o n t h ea o r t h s i d e o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , t h e h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t s a r e very f l a t ( l e s s t h a n0 . 0 0 1 ) . F o u r o f t h e w e l l s o n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 h a d w a t e rl e v e l s above t h e e l e v a t i o n o f t h e s l o u g h i n d i c a t i n g g r o u n d u a t e r f l o w f r o m t h en o r t h t o w a r d t h e s l o u g h . T h e f i f t h w e l l G W 1 A R h a d w a t e r l e v e l s s l i g h t l y l owert h a n t h e s l o u g h which i n d i c a t e s f l o w f r o m t h e p i t area t o w a r d t h e n o r t h e a s t .T h e h i g h e r g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l s i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n p r e v e n t g r o u n d w a t e rf l o w i n & w e s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n f r o m t h e p i t . S o u t h o f t h e p i t , t h e g r o u n d w a t e rl e v e l s g r a d u a l l y d r o p t oward t h e s o u t h w e s t i n a f a i r l y narrow zone b e t w e e n t h ev a l l e y w a l l o n t h e s o u t h e a s t a n d R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n o n t h e n o r t h w e s t . T h eg r o u n d w a t e r f l o w p a t h f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a p p e a r s t o p a s s b e n e a t h t h es o u t h e r n p o r t i o n o f t h e O l d H a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l l o c a t e d eas t o f R i v e r d a l eS u b d i v i s i o n . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r f l o w beyond t h i s area i s unknown b u t i s l i k e l yt o w a r d t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r . T h u s , g r o u n d w a t e r m i g r a t i o n f r o m t h e F r e n c hL i m i t e d s i t e i s p r e d o m i n a n t l y t o w a r d t h e s o u t h .

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T h e r a t e o f g r o u n d w a t e r movement c a n b e e s t i m a t e d b y a p p l y i n g D a r c y ' s l a w ,which a p p l i e s t o f l o w t h r o u g h p o r o u s m e d i a . T h e v e l o c i t y , V , i s e s t i m a t e d b y :

V - k i / nvhere V «• v e l o c i t y ,

k « c o e f f i c i e n t o f p e r m e a b i l i t y ,i • h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t , andn • p o r o s i t y .

U s i n g t h e above e q u a t i o n a n d g r a d i e n t s b e t w e e n e x i s t i n g w e l l s , t h e e x i s t i n gg r o u n d w a t e r v e l o c i t i e s t h r o u g h the s i t e area were c o m p u t e d and are p r e s e n t e d onT a b l e 4-9. T h e p r e s e n t l a t e r a l e x t en t o f t h e c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e w a s t h enc o m p u t e d u s i n g an 18-year t ime p e r i o d and it is shown on F i g u r e 5-2.

H o w e v e r , i t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t th e s e v e l o c i t i e s and g r a d i e n t s are fore x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a t t h e a i t e . P u m p i n g f r o m area sand p i t s i n p r e v i o u s year sp r o b a b l y r e s u l t e d i n d i f f e r e n t g r a d i e n t s , f l o w d i r e c t i o n s a n d h i g h e r v e l o c i t i e st han n o w o b s e r v e d . T h e r e f o r e , t h e c o m p u t e d c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e l o c a t i o n s h o u l do n l y b e used a s o n e p o s s i b l e s c e n a r i o . T h e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r o f t h e p l u m el o c a t i o n w o u l d b e f r o m t h e g r o u n d w a t e r e n a l y s i s o f t h e m o n i t o r i n g w e l l o . I n

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73a d d i t i o n , t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y o f 3x10"^ c m / s e c used f o r t h e a l l u v i a l a a n d s i sc o n s i d e r e d a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e h o r i z o n t a l p e r m e a b i l i t y f o r a a n d s w i t h o n l y t r a c ef i n e s . T h e c l a y , s i l t a n d a i l t y sand l a y e r s i n t h e a l l u v i u m have l o w e rp e r w e a b i l i t i e s .

T h e P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s u n d e r l y i n g t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r a r e p r e d o m i n a n t l y c l a yw i t h o c c a s i o n a l t h i n d i s c o n t i n u o u s s i l t a n d sand l a y e r s . T h e f i r s t s i g n i f i c a n teand l a y e r i n t h e A q u i t a r d i s a t a d e p t h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 5 f e e t . T h eg r a d i e n t b e t w e e n t h e U p p e r a n d Lower A q u i f e r s i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 0 a n d b y u s i n g& p e r m e a b i l i t y o f 10"' c m / s e c , t h e v e r t i c a l g r o u n d w a t e r v e l o c i t y f r o m t h eU p p e r t o t h e Lower A q u i f e r i a a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 2 f e e t / y e a r . T h e p e r m e a b i l i t ya n d v e l o c i t y o f c o n t a m i n a n t s t h r o u g h c l a y s c o u l d b e s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r , d u et o t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c l a y a n d p a r t i c u l a r c o n t a m i n a n t s .

4 . 3 G R O U N D W A T E R S A M P L I N G4.3.1 C r q u n d y a t e r S a m p l i n g H e t h o d o l o g yT w e n t y - o n e n e w m o n i t o r w e l l * , t w o e x i s t i n g m o n i t o r w e l l s , a n d t w o r e s i d e n t i a lw e l l s i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n were s a m p l e d ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 1 a n d F i g u r e 4-12f o r exact l o c a t i o n s ) . T h e m o n i t o r w e l l s were s a m p l e d a f t e r e v a c u a t i n g a v o l u m eo f wa t e r equal t o t h r e e t o f i v e t i m e s t h e vo lume i n t h e w e l l c a s i n g . T h i sw a t e r was p u m p e d i n t o d r u m s , u s i n g a l a r g e p e r i s t a l t i c p u m p or a c o n s t r u c t i o np u m p w i t h a P V C d i p tube . T h e s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d i n A p r i l 1983 were t a k e n w i t ha v a r i a b l e s p e e d p e r i s t a l t i c p u m p s e t a t a s l o w p u m p i n g r a t e (400 to6 0 0 m l / t a i n ) . A n e w l e n g t h o f T e f l o n t u b i n g w a s used « t each w e l l . S a m p l ef r a c t i o n s n e ed ed f o r v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c a n a l y s i s were o b t a i n e d u s i n g a n e w P V Cb a i l e r . T h e b a i l e r s were r inaed w i t h d i s t i l l e d wa t e r s u b s e q u e n t t o i m m e r s i o ni n t h e w e l l . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e f i r s t b a i l e r o f each g r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e t a k e nf r o m * w e l l w a s d i s c a r d e d . A l l s a m p l e * c o l l e c t e d i n N o v e m b e r 1983 were t a k e nw i t h P V C b a i l e r a .

G W 0 6 «nd GUI2 were evacua t ed and s a m p l e d u s ing a PVC b a i l e r because th e w a t e rl ev e l was eome 8 0 - f e e t b e l ow the ground s u r f a c e , and the p e r i s t a l t i c pump wasnot ab l e to p u m p at t h i a head.

T h e r e s i d e n t i a l w e l l s were s a m p l e d a t t h e i r p u m p h o u s e s , t n b o t h c a s e s , t h ef a u c e t s were l o c a t e d d o w n s t r e a m o f t h ? h o l d i n g t a n k s .

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IIf 74.3.2 C h e m i c a l R e s u l t sT h e p o t e n t i a l e x i s t s f o r t h e m i g r a t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a n t s i n s u r f a c e a n d g r o u n dw a t e r s . S i n c e t h e w a t e r s c a n become a s u p p l y f o r human c o n s u m p t i o n , s e r i o u sl o n g - t e r m h e a l t h e f f e c t s c a n r e s u l t . T h e r e f o r e , a c o m p a r i s o n b e t w e e n

c o n t a m i n a n t l e v e l s a n d human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a i s a p p r o p r i a t e .

T h e Q u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e / Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l P l a n o u t l i n e d i n V o l u m e I V o f t h e F r e n c hL i m i t e d S i t e W o r k P l a n s u b m i t t e d t o t h e T e x a s D e p a r t m e n t o f W a t e r R e s o u r c e s ,M a r c h 1 9 8 3 , e s t a b l i s h e s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r d u p l i c a t e s a m p l e s . T h e s e s a m p l e sa r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m t h e o t h e r s a m p l e s b y t h e l e t t e r " D " f o l l o w i n g t h e s a m p l enumber w h i c h i t d u p l i c a t e s . G r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e s G W 0 1 a n d G W 1 5 were s e l e c t e df o r d u p l i c a t i o n d u r i n g t h e s a m p l i n g e f f o r t , a n d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 4-10.

I n A p r i l 1 9 8 3 , t h e w e l l G W 0 1 ( s e e F i g u r e 4 - 1 2 ) e x h i b i t e d c h l o r o b e n z e n e a t7 m i c r o g r a m s p e r l i t e r ( u g / 1 ) o r p a r t s p e r b i l l i o n ( p p b ) a n d a t 6 p p b i n L h e

d u p l i c a t e s a m p l e . A t r a c e o f p h e n o l ( 5 p p b ) a n d a r e l a t i v e l y h i g h c o n d u c t i v i t yo f 1 , 3 0 1 m i c r o m h o s p e r c e n t i m e t e r ( u m h o s / c m ) were o b s e rv ed i n G W 0 1( T a b l e 4 - 1 0 ) , M e r c u r y w a e o b s e r v e d i n G W 0 1 a t t r a c e l e v e l s ( 0 . 7 ? p b ) b u t w a sn o t f o u n d i n a n y o f t h e o t h e r w e l l s * G r o u n d w a t e r w e l l G W 0 1 w a s o r i g i n a l l yi n t e n d e d t o b e a b a c k g r o u n d w e l l , b u t a f t e r i n s t a l l a t i o n w a s f o u n d t o b es c r e ened i n P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s r a t h e r t h a n t h e a l l u v i u m . r i o e x p l a n a t i o n o ft h e a p p a r e n t c o n t a m i n a t i o n i s o f f e r e d a t t h i s t i m e o t h e r t h a n t h e a r e a ' s p a s th i s t o r y o f i n d i s c r i m i n a n t d u m p i n g .

T h e g r o u n d w a t e r a a m p l e t a k e n i n A p r i l 1983 f r o m s h a l l o w w e l l CW08 l o c a t e d neart h e s i t e e x h i b i t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s o f G C / M S v o l a t i l e s , p h e n o l s ( 1 0 0 p p b ) ,end a c o n d u c t i v i t y o f 2,380 u m h o s / c m . Benzene was f o u n d in C W 0 8 a t 180 p p b ,w h i c h i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 t i m e s above th e p r o p o s e d 10~* i n c r e m e n t a l canc e rr i s k humsn h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n o f 6 . 6 p p b ( a e e A p p e n d i x F ) . Benzene v a s a l s o seenin G W 0 9 a t 100 p p b . C a r b o n t e t r a c h l o r i d e in GV08 a t l e v e l s o f 44 ppb e x c e e d e dt h e human h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n o f 4 . 0 p p b . W e l l G W 0 8 a l s o c o n t a i n e d s i g n i f i c a n tl e v e l s o f 1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e (440 p p b ) , w h i c h e x c e e d s t h e c r i t e r i o n o f 9 . 4 p p b .

V i n y l c h l o r i d e a t 3 9 p p b w a s a l s o p r e s e n t i n G W 0 8 , w h i c h i s d o u b l e t h e h e a l t hc r i t e r i a o f 2 0 p p b . O t h e r v o l a t i l e s ( c h l o r o f o r m , m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e ,t e t r a c h l o r o e t h e n c , a n d t r i c h l o r o e t h e n e ) were p r e s e n t i n G W 0 8 a t l e v e l se x c e e d i n g human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a .

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77TDWR and USEPA s a m p l e d w e l l a G W 0 8 and G W 0 9 on October 7-9, 1 9 8 1 , and f o u n ds u b s t a n t i a l l e v e l s o f v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s ( s e e T a b l e 4-11 a n dA p p e n d i x 0 ) . T h e l e v e l s o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n A p r i l 1983 were s i m i l a r f o r manyo f t h e c ompound s d e t e c t e d . S e a s o n a l h y d r o l o g i c f a c t o r s c o u l d account f o r t h ec o n c e n t r a t i o n d i f f e r e n c e s o b s erved .

Deep w e l l GW06 vaa s a m p l e d in A p r i l and a g a i n in N o v e m b e r 1983 ( T a b l e 4 - 1 2 ) andshowed much lower TOC and c o n d u c t i v i t y l e v e l s than CWQ8 and G W 0 9 . The pH was9.2 in A p r i l and 9.3 in N o v e m b e r , whereas the s h a l l o w a q u i f e r had pH in therange of 5.4 to 7.1. Deep w e l l G W 1 2 (s e e T a b l e 4-10) had a pH of 8.8, a l m o s ta s h i g h a s G W 0 6 . T h i s h i g h pH i s common for the d e e p e r a q u i f e r s in the area.G W 0 2 i n t o the A q u i t a r d had a pH of 7.0, and the two s a m p l e s in the R i v e r d a l eS u b d i v i a i o n (GW10--52 f e e t , C W 1 1 — 8 7 f e e t ) h a d p H o f 7 . 7 a n d 7.6, r e s p e c t i v e l y .P r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s f r o m d e e p w e l l GW06 i n d i c a t e d t r a c e s o f f o u r G C / M Sv o l a t i l e s . U p o n f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n t h e c a s i n g w a s f o u n d t o have a s p l i t i ni t p o t e n t i a l l y a l l o w i n g c o n t a m i n a t e d s h a l l o w ground w a t e r t o e n t e r t h e c a s i n g .The w e l l wa s p u m p e d e x t e n s i v e l y t o remove any c o n t a m i n a n t s t h a t c o u l d haveen t e r ed t h e lower a q u i f e r a f t e r which t h e c a s i n g d r i l l e d o u t t o t h e c l a y l a y e rand th e ho l e s e a l e d f r o m th e b o t t o m up w i t h a c e a e n t - b e n t o n i t e s l u r r y .

A new d e e p w e l l G W 2 5 vae d r i l l e d in the v i c i n i t y of G W 0 9 , and s a m p l e d on twoo c c a s i o n s ; May 22, 1984 and J u l y 3, 1984.

G W 2 5 had a pH of 8.8 and a c o n d u c t i v i t y of 490 umhos in J u l y 1984. An e q u i p -ment n a l f u n c t i o n p r e v e n t e d pH and c o n d u c t i v i t y measurement d u r i n g the May 1984s a m p l i n g . The pH and c o n d u c t i v i t y e x h i b i t e d in G W 2 5 are very s i m i l a r t o ehoaeseen in 6W06 and G W 1 2 . C h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s o f th e g r o u n d w a t e r taken f r o m G W 2 5 inMay 1984 i n d i c a t e d a TOX c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 120 ppb a s we ' i a s t race concentra-t i o n s o f f o u r G C / M S v o l a t i l e * i n c l u d i n g : benzene ( 0 , " , . p b ) , c h l o r o b e n z e n e(0.4 p p b ) , e t h y l b e n z e n e (1.0 p p b ) t a n d t o l u e n e (1.0 p p o ; . I n order t o c o n f i r mthese r e s u l t s f i n d t h e i r p o s s i b l e i m p l i c a t i o n s , t h e vei l w a s r e - n a m p l e d i n J u l y1984. The r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e d the p r e t e n c e at s i m i l a r l e v e l s o f three of thef o u r v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s f o u n d i n t h e M a y s a m p l e i n c l u d i n g :ch lorobenzene (0.4 p p b ) , e t h y l b e n s e n e ( 2 . 0 p p b ) , a n d t o l u e n e (3.0 p p b ) .

T h e d e e p w e l l G W 1 2 i n s t a l l e d i n Noveaber 1983 n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 w a sa n a l y z e d b y G C / M S f o r v o l a t i l e s , b u t n o t h i n g w a s f o u n d above d e t e c t i o n l i m i t .

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T h r e e o t h e r s h a l l o w w e l l s ( G W 1 4 , G W 1 5 a n d G W 1 6 ) were i n s t a l l e d i n N o v e m b e rn o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . W e l l G W 1 4 e x h i b i t e d I p p b p h e n o l , 5 2 p p b T O X , a n dv a a f r e e o f G C / H S v o l a t i l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n . G W 1 5 showed 6 1 p p b T O X ( 3 8 p p b i nt h e d u p l i c a t e ) ! a n d t r a c e s o f t w o c o m p o u n d s i n t h e G C / H S v o l a t i l e s c a n :1 , 1 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e a t 2 p p b ( 2 p p b i n t h e d u p l i c a t e ) ; a n d v i n y l c h l o r i d e a t

6 p p b ( 5 p p b i n t h e d u p l i c a t e ) . G W 1 6 f u r t h e r west o f G W 1 5 w a s f r e e o f G C / H Sv o l a t i l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n . W e l l G W 0 5 n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 w a s f r e e o f G C / M Sd e t e c t a b l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n b o t h t h e A p r i l a n d N o v e m b e r s a m p l e s ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 1 2 ) .

W e l l s C W 0 2 , G W 0 3 , G W 0 4 , a n d G W 0 7 a r e l o c a t e d s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p R o a d . I n A p r i l1 9 8 3 , s h a l l o w w e l l G W 0 7 e x h i b i t e d 6 p p b o f e h l o r o b e n z e n e , 6 . 3 p p r a T O C i n d1 8 4 p p b T O X . T h e a d j a c e n t d e e p w e l l , C W 0 2 , showed n o d e t e c t a b l e l e v e l s o fe i t h e r o f t h e i n d i c a t o r p a r a m e t e r s . G W 0 3 , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 f e e t s o u t h o f G u l fP u m p R o a d , e x h i b i t e d 2 0 p p m T O C a n d 9 4 p p b T O X i n A p r i l . T h e N o v e m b e r s a m p l ef r o m C W 0 3 w a s a n a l y z e d b y G C / H S f o r v o l a t i l e c o m p o u n d s ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 1 2 ) a n dshowed benzene a t 22 p p b ; 1 , N d i c h l o r o e t h a n e a t 23 p p b ; 1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e a t2 5 p p b ; t r a n s - 1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h e n e a t 8 p p b ; a n d v i n y l c h l o r i d e a t 5 p p b . C W 0 4e x h i b i t e d a h i g h c o n d u c t i v i t y ( 1 , 1 0 9 u m h o s / c m ) b u t o t h e r w i s e a p p e a r e du n c o n t a m i n a t e d . W e l l G W 0 4 i s s c r e e n e d i n t h e same f o r m a t i o n a s w e l l G U 0 1 w h i c ha l s o e x h i b i t e d a h i g h c o n d u c t i v i t y .

S i x more s h a l l o w w e l l s ( G W 1 7 t h r o u g h G W 2 2 ) were i n s t a l l e d s o u t h a n d wes t o f t h eF r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i n N o v e m b e r 1963 t o b e t t e r e v a l u a t e g r o u n d w a t e r g r a d i e n t sa n d c h e m i s t r y . G W 1 7 a t t h e f a r wes t e n d o f t h e s i t e showed 2 p p b 1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o -e t h a n e . G W 1 8 i n t h e R i v e r d a l * S u b d i v i s i o n w a s f r e e o f G C / H S v o l a t i l e c o n t a m i -n a t i o n . G U I 9 , o f f t h e w e s t e r n e d g e o f t h e o l d H a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l s o u t h e a s to f R i v e r d a l e , showed 23,200 p p b T O C a n d a c o n d u c t i v i t y o f 1 , 7 3 1 u m h o a / c n , b u tshowed n o c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n G C / H S v o l a t i l e f r a c t i o n . G U 2 0 , s o u t h o f G u l f P u m pRoad near the west end o f th e main p i c and eas t o f th e o ld l a n d f i l l , showed a

T O C o f 35,800 p p b , b enzene a t 6 p p b , a n d c h l o r o b e n z e n e a t 4 p p b . H e l l G W 2 1 ,s o u t h ' - . ^ s t o f t h e l a k e s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p Road a n d s c r e ened t h r o u g h t h el a n d f i l l , h a d h i g h e r l e v e l s o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n t h a n G W 2 0 : 82,900 p p b T O C ;

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J81l 250 ppb TOX; 11 ppb b enz ene; 2 ppb c h l o r o b e n z e n e ; and 2 ppb 1 , 2 ~ d i c h l o r o e t h a n e .

I t w a s s u b s e q u e n t l y p l u g g e d b y i n j e c t i n g a c e n & n t / b e n t o n i t e s l u r r y i n t o t h ec a s i n g i n order t o e l i m i n a t e * p o t e n t i a l m i g r a t i o n p a t h w a y o f l a n d f i l l l e a c h a t et o t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r . G W 2 2 , *as£ ( a n d u p g r a r f i e n t ) f r o r a C W 2 1 , w a s f r e e o f C C / M Sv o l a t i l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

T h e r e s i d e n t i a l w e l l i G W 1 0 ( 5 7 f e e t d e e p ) a n d G W 1 I ( 5 2 f e e t d e e p ) l o c a t e d i nR i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n were s a m p l e d i n both A p r i l a n d N o v e m b e r 1983. S a m p l e sf r o m both w e l l a were a n a l y s e d by CC/MS for v o l a t i l e organic* in N o v e m b e r andd i d n o t ahow a n y c o n t a m i n a t i o n , , W e l l G W l l w a s a n a l y z e d f o r t h e G C / M S acid a n db a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n s i n A p r i l , b u t n o t h i n g w a s d e t e c t e d i n the s e s a m p l e s .

T w o s h a l l o w w e l l a were i n s t a l l e d s o u t h o f t h e o l d H t r r i a C o u n t y l a n d f i l l i n M a y1984 i n order t o f u r t h e r d e f i n e t h e l a n d f i l l s p o t e n t i a l i n f l u e n c e o ng r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n t h e area. G W 2 3 , j u r t o f f t h e s o u t h w e s t e r n e d g e o ft h e l a n d f i l l , e x h i b i t e d above average c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f ar s enic ( 5 . 6 p p b ) ,barium ( 7 6 9 p p b ) , a n d cadmium (0.6 p p b ) . I n a d d i t i o n , C C / M S a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e dt h e pr e s enc e o f b i s ( 2 - e t h y l h e x y l ) p h e h s l a t e ( 1 8 p p b ) a n d d i o c t y l p h t h a l a t e(29 p p b ) . C W 2 4 , to the s o u t h e a s t of G W 2 3 , had a TOC of 14,500 ppb and a TOX of9 9 p p b , b u t d i d n o t i n d i c a t e t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n y G C / H S v o l a t i l e o r g a n i cc o m p o u n d s .

4.3.3 A s s e s s m e n tG e o t e c h n i c a l a n d c h e m i c a l d a t a i n d i c a t e t h a t ground w a t e r i n t h e i m m e d i a t e p i tarea i s h e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d . S o u t h o f the s i t e t h i s h e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d areae x t e n d s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 0 f e e t f r o m t h e p i t o r j u s t beyond G u l f P u m p Road.G r o u n d w a t e r w e l l s GV08 and GW09 in t h i s area had e l e v a t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ofover a dozen v o l a t i l e organic compounds s i m i l a r to thoac f o u n d in the raain pits l u d g e s . It a p p e a r s tha t ground water around the p i t i s becoming h e a v i l yc o n t a m i n a t e d through some l e e c h i n g ac t i on of the main pit s l u d g e s .

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J u a t beyond th i s h e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d area is an aie« of l e s o c o n t a m i n a t e dground water . Ground w a t e r s in t h i s area c o n t a i n many of the aaiae chemicalc o n s t i t u e n t s as ground waters in the h e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d area, but at g r e a t l yr e d u c e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( g e n e r a l l y a t l e a s t 5 0 p e r c e n t l e s s ) . G r o u n d w a t e r w e l l sG V 0 3 , G W 2 0 and G W 2 1 al l show lower c onc en t ra t i on s of several of the same

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82c o m p o u n d s seen i n w e l l s G V 0 8 a n d G W 0 9 . T h e e x t e n t o f t h i s l e s s c o n t a m i n a t e darea i s u n k n o w n , b u t l i e § s omewhere b e t w e e n C W 2 1 a n d G W 2 3 . F i g u r e 4-13 showst h e areas o f h e a v y , l e s s , a n d a l i g h t c o n t a m i n a t i o n d i s c u s s e d i n t h e p r e c e d i n gp a r a g r a p h s . I t w a s d e r i v e d f r o m a c o m b i n a t i o n o f g r o u n d w a t e r f l o w v e l o c i t i e sa n d g r a d i e n t s , a n d g r o u n d w a t e r c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s d a t a . T h e m e t h o d used t oe s t i m a t e t h e e x t a n t o f t h * c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e f r o m t h e a i t e i a p r e s e n t e d i nS e c t i o n 4.2.5 o f t h i s r e p o r t . A r e a s o f h e a v y , l e a s , a n d s l i g h t c o n t a m i n a t i o nw i t h i n t h e c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e a r e ba s ed o n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e c h e m i c a lr e s u l t s f r o m t h e v a r i o u s g r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l i n g e f f o r t s .

T h e o l d H a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l a d j a c e n t t o t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n a p p e a r s t ohave c o n t r i b u t e d c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n t o t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r . G r o u n d w a t e r w e l l s i na n d a d j a c e n t t o t h e l a n d f i l l , G W 0 7 a n d G W 1 9 o n t h e west s i d e , G W 2 0 a n d G W 2 1 o nt h e ea s t s i d e , a n d G W 2 3 a n d G W 2 4 o n t h e s o u t h a i d e e x h i b i t e d e l e v a t e dc o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f o n e o r more o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : T O G , b e n z e n e , e h l o r o b e n z e n e ,a r s e n i c , a n d b a r i u m . A r s e n i c a n d b a r i u m were n o t f o u n d a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e da i t e s n d t h e c h l o r o b e n z e n e l e v e l s f o u n d a t t h e s i t e were m i n i m a l . T h e s ef i n d i n g s i n d i c a t e t h e l a n d f i l l i n c o n t r i b u t i n g t o g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o ns o u t h o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e ; h o w e v e r , t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e e x t e n t a n dn a t u r e o f t h e c o n t a m i n a t i o n w a s n o t w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f t h i s s t u d y .

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U n r e g u l a t e d a n d i n d i s c r i m i n a t e d u m p i n g o f w a a t e s i n t h e a r e a , b o t h p a s t a n dp r e a e n t , c o u l d have r e s u l t e d i n t h e d u m p i n g o f some h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s i n t h e o l dl a n d f i l l . A T e x a s D e p a r t m e n t o f W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D i s t r i c t 7 r e p r e s e n t a t i v er e p o r t e d t h a t s t a n d i n g w a t e r i n t h e t r e n c h e s a t t h e o l d l a n d f i l l h a d a n o i l yf i l m a n d a c h e m i c a l o d o r ( T D W R M e m o , A p r i l 1 9 8 4 ) .

T w o a d d i t i o n a l a r e a s o f s l i g h t g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n were f o u n d : o n e a l o n gt h e s l o u g h west o f t h e p i t a n d a o u t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , a n d t h e o t h e rn o r t h w e s t o f t h e s i t e around g r o u n d w a t e r w e l l G V 1 5 .

W e l l G W 1 7 , vest o f t h e main p i t a n d n o r t h o f R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n , showed at ra c e o f v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h i s a p p e a r s t o b e a r e s u l t o fl e a c h i n g o f t h e s l u d g e s w h i c h were in t h e s l o u g h west o f t h e main p i t bu t s o u t ho f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . I f t h i s i s t h e c a s e , a l l t h e g r o u n d w a t e r u n d e r t h e s l o u g hl i k e l y c o n t a i n s s i m i l a r c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h e removal o f s l u d g e s i n 1932 h a se l i m i n a t e d much o f t h e o r i g i n a l source c f f t h i s c o n t a m i n a t i o n ( s e e A p p e n d i x 0 ) .

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JI•II•IV e i l G W 1 5 , s evera l h u n d r e d f e e t n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 n o r t h w e s t o f t h e mainp i t , showed t r a c e s o f t w o v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s s i m i l a r t o t ho s e f o u n d i nt h e p i t s l u d g e s . T h e w e l l s c l o s e r t o t h e main p i t , G W 1 2 a n d G W 1 4 , i n d i c a t e d n od e t e c t a b l e o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e w e l l s f u r t h e r away f r o m t h eF r e n c h L i m i t e d p i t b u t c l o s e r t o t h e S i k e s D i s p o s a l P i t s , G W 0 5 a n d G U 1 6 , showedn o organic c o n t a m i n a t i o n . W e l l G W 0 5 d i d i n d i c a t e some m e t a l s c o n t a m i n a t i o n( 1 3 p p b chromium) when s a m p l e d i n A p r i l 1983.

A l l o f t h e s h a l l o w w e l l s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e a i t e i n d i c a t e t h e p r e s e n c e o fTOX a t l e v e l s r a n g i n g f r o m 32 t o 2,950 p p b . A l t h o u g h many o f t h e w e l l s d id no ti n d i c a t e c o n t a m i n a t i o n b y s p e c i f i c o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s , t h e i n c i d e n c e o f T O X i nt h e ground w a t e r i n d i c a t e s p r o b a b l e c o n t a m i n a t i o n b y s y n t h e t i c o r g a n i cc o m p o u n d s . A t t h i s t i m e , h o w e v e r , n o T O X c r i t e r i a have been s e t f o r d r i n k i n gwat er or s u r f a c e w a t e r , and no c o n c e n t r a t i o n l i m i t has been e s t a b l i s h e d fora l a r m l e v e l s o f T O X .

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I n summary, h e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d ground w a t e r i n t h e a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s a p p e a r st o e x t end s ou th o f th e main p i t t o G u l f Pump Road and up t o 200 f e e t r a d i a l l yo u t f r o m t h e p i t i n a l l o t h e r d i r e c t i o n s . Ground w a t e r s b e tween G u l f Pump Roada n d t h e d r a i n a g e w a y t o t h e s o u t h ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 0 0 f e e t ) a r e l e s s c o n t a m i n a t e d .C o n t a m i n a t i o n i n t h i s ar ea , however , c a n n o t b e a t t r i b u t e d s o l e l y t o t h e F r e n c hL i m i t e d s i t e . T h e r e a r e s t r o n g i n d i c a t i o n s t h a t t h e K a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l i sc o n t r i b u t i n g to the g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n in t h i s area.

T h e r e i s a l s o a n area o f s l i g h t g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n a l o n g t h e s l o u g h westof the aain pi t and sou th of U . S . H i g h w a y 90 and an u n e x p l a i n e d po ck e t o fc o n t a m i n a t i o n nor thwe s t o f t h e a i t e near G W 1 5 ( f l e e F i g u r e 4-13).

I n A d d i t i o n t o t h e s h a l l o w ground w a t e r s , i t a p p e a r s t h a t ground w a t e r s i n t h eP l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t * may have become c o n t a m i n a t e d . The pre s ence o f benzene,c h l o r o b e n z e n e , e t h y l b e n x e r . e and t o l u e n e in G W 2 5 i n d i c a t e s tha t c o n t a m i n a n t saay be m i g r a t i n g into the d e e p e r a q u i f e r s . H o w e v e r * the pre s ence a n d / o r e x t en to f c o n t a m i n a t i o n h a s y e t t o b e d e t e r m i n e d . Deep w e l l G W I 2 , s l i g h t l y u p g r a d i e n to f G W 2 5 , ahowed n o d e t e c t a b l e G C / M S v o l a t i l e s a n d o n l y a s l i g h t T O X c o n c e n t r a t i o n

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( 5 8 p p b ) . N o d e e p w e l l s were d r i l l e d s o u t h o f t h e above w e l l s s o t h e q u a l i t yo f th« d e e p e r ground w a t e r i s unknown in t h a t area.

T h e m e c h a n i s m b y w h i c h t h e g r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s h a s becomec o n t a m i n a t e d i s a l s o u n c e r t a i n . T h e p e r m e a b i l i t y o f t h e c o n f i n i n g c l a y l a y e r( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 0 f e e t t h i c k ) would a p p e a r t o e l i m i n a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o fc o n t a m i n a n t s l e a c h i n g f r o m u p p e r a l l u v i a l d e p o s i t s t o t h e l o w e r P l e i s t o c e n ed e p o s i t s i n s u ch a abor t t i m e f r a m e ( s e e S e c t i o n 4 . 2 . 5 ) . H o w e v e r , t h e i n t e r a c -t i o n o f t h e c l a y w i t h p a r t i c u l a r c o n t a m i n a n t s c o u l d have a d r a s t i c e f f e c t o nt h e m i g r a t i o n r a t e . A n o t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y a n d p r o b a b l y a more p l a u s i b l e one, i st h a t c o n t a m i n a t i o n h a s been i n t r o d u c e d t o t h e d e e p e r a q u i f e r t h r o u g h d r i l l i n ga c t i v i t i e s a n d poor w e l l c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e area , F r e n c h L i m i t e d made u s e o fa n o n - s i t e w e l l a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 f e e t d e e p . I f p r o p e r s a f e g u a r d s ( d o u b l e o rt r i b l e c a s i n g ) were n o t i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h eF r e n c h L i m i t e d w e l l , c o n t a m i n a t i o n c o u l d b e m i g r a t i n g b e t w e e n t h e w e l l c a s i n ga n d t h e c l a y . T h e o l d F r e n c h L i m i t e d w e l l , o r a n y w e l l w i t h i n a zone o fc o n t a m i n a t e d ground w a t e r , c o u l d th en serve a s a p o i n t source f or c o n t a m i n a t i o ni n t h e P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s .

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4 . 4 B A T H Y M E T R Y / S U B - B O T T O M P R O F I L I N G4.4.1 M e t h o d o l o g yT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d p i t w a s o r i g i n a l l y f o r m e d b y t h e d r e d g i n g o f s a n d s o u t o ft h e p i t . B e c a u s e t h e p i t r e t r a i n e d f i l l e d w i t h water d u r i n g t h i s sand m i n i n go p e r a t i o n , t h e exact d e p t h s o f e x c a v a t i o n o r t h e p i t vo lume a r e unknown. A f t e rabout 1965 , t h e p i t wa s used f o r d i s p o s a l o f i n d u s t r i a l waste .

A b a t h y m e t r i c a n d sub-hot torn p r o f i l e survey o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d d i s p o s a l s i c ewas c o n d u c t e d on A p r i l 12-14, 1983 to c h a r a c t e r i z e the main waste pi tm o r p h o l o g y , d e t e r m i n e t h e volume o f water i n t h e p i t , a n d d e f i n e t h e areald i a t r i b u t i o n and vo lume o f s l u d g e in t h e l a g o o n .

The survey was c o n d u c t e d f r o m a s i a & l l boat u s i n g a Del N o r t e c r i o p o n d e roicrowave p o s i t i o n i n g s y s t e m , a n E s t e r l i n e Angus M o d e l PD2064 d i g i t a l d a t al o g g e r , a R a y t h e o n M o d e l D719 f a t h o m e t e r , a n d a K l e i n M o d e l 5 3 1 c o m b i n a t i o na i d e - s c a n sonar a n d s u b - b o t t o m p r o f i l i n g s y s t e m .

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H o r i z o n t a l p o s i t i o n i n g w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d u s i n g a D e l N o r t e T r i s p o n d e r microwaves y s t e m . t h e p o a i t i o n i n g s y s t e m w a s c o u p l e d t o t h e d i g i t a l d a t a l o g g e r w h i c ha u t o m a t i c a l l y r e corded the p o s i t i o n of the boat every 30 s e conds w h i l e the boatmoved a t s p e e d s o f 2 t o A n t p h ( 1 t o 2 m / a e e ) . A f t e r t h e s u r v e y , t r a c k l i n e ss h o w i n g the boat p o s i t i o n a t a l l t imaa ware p l o t t e d by c o m p u t e r . S u r v e yt r a n s e c t l i n e s were made a t s u f f i c i e n t s p a c i n g t o p r o v i d e c o m p l e t e coverage o ft h e l a g o o n . A r e a s o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t were s u r v e y e d w i t h c l o s e l y s p a c e d t r a c kl i n e s , and s o m e t i m e s t rack s were r e p e a t e d to increase r e s o l u t i o n .

The f a t h o m e t e r , which has an accuracy of ±0.1 f o o t , and the p o a i t i o n i n gs y s t e m , w h i c h i s A c c u r a t e t o ±3 f e e t , were c a l i b r & t e d t h e m o r n i n g o f t h e8 ' i r v e y . T h e s u b - b o t t o m a n d s i d e - s c a n sonar s y s t e m a r e f a c t o r y c a l i b r a t e d .

I n N o v e m b e r 1983, s e d i m e n t s i n t h e main p i t were s a m p l e d w i t h a v i b r a c o r ed e v i c e t o f u r t h e r e v a l u a t e s l u d g e t h i c k n e s s e s . Cores C001 t h r o u g h C O l O werec o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e main p i t , w h i l e three a d d i t i o n a l cores ( C 0 1 1 t h r o u g h C 0 1 3 )were t a k e n f r o m t h e l a k e s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p Road t o d e t e r m i n e t h e a p p e a r a n c e o fs e d i m e n t s . T w o c o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o f cores f r o m t h e main p i t ( S E 2 5 a n d S E 2 6 )were c o l l e c t e d a n d c h e m i c a l l y a n a l y z e d f o r p o l l u t a n t s . T h e chemical f i n d i n g sare d i s c u s s e d in S e c t i o n 4.6.2.

A . 4 , 2 R e s u l t sThe b a t h y m e t r i c map showing wa t e r d e p t h s in the F r e n c h L i m i t e d main p i t i sshown in F i g u r e 4-14. The d e e p e s t area in the pit e x c e e d e d 18 f e e t inm i d - A p r i l 1983, when the water in the pit had an a p p r o x i m a t e s u r f a c e e l e v a t i o nof 10.6 f e e t above mean sea l e v e l . The average d e p t h o f water across thee n t i r e p i t was 10.6 f e e t a t the t ime o f the survey. The p i t c o n t a i n e da p p r o x i m a t e l y 24.5 m i l l i o n g a l l o n s o f water.

CM<r_Oo

Two s m a l l area? at the extreme east end west ends of the pic were not i n c l u d e din the survey. At the ease e n d , an area of about 0.5 acre was coo s h a l l o w forthe boat end survey equ ipment to enter. The water d e p t h in t h i s area was about1 f o o t . At the far west end of the p i t , & containment boom h o l d i n g backf l o a t i n g n l u d g e p r e v e n t e d m e a s u r e m e n t s . T h e area b e h i n d t h i s boom i a about0.15 acre , w i t h a w a t e r d e p t h o f a b o j t 4 f e e t . T h e w a t e r v o l u m e s i n t h e s eareas are i n c l u d e d in the volume e s t i m a t e s above.

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ur©4-14W A T E R D E P T H SA P R I L 1983 T E X A S D E P A R T M E N T O F W A T E RR E S O U R C E SF R E N C H L I M I T E D S I T E

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S u b - b o t t o m p r o f i l e r r e c o r d s e x h i b i t e d a c o u s t i c i m a g e r y t y p i c a l o f e x t r e m e l yf i n e - g r a i n e d s e d i m e n t s or h i g h l y organic s e d i m e n t s a t th e w a t e r / b o t t o mi n t e r f a c e . Below t h e i n t e r f a c e , i n t e r b e d d e d , u n c o n s o l i d a t e d sands wereob s e rv ed t o d e p t h s o f more than 5 0 f e e t b e l o w t h e l a g o o n s u r f a c e . T h e r e c o r d swere i n d i c a t i v e o f f i n e - g r a i n e d o r a i l t y sanda i n t e r s p e r s e d w i t h t h i n c l a y e y*«nd l a y e r s . H y d r o c a r b o n or organi c s l u d g e s a p p e a r as a c o u s t i c haze on the«ub-bot to ia p r o f i l e r record. T h e s l u d g e areas d e t e c t e d b y t h e s u b - b o t t o mp r o f i l e r i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e s l u d g e i s c o n c e n t r a t e d i n d e p r e s s i o n s i n t h e l a g o o nb o t t o m . The s l u d g e i s r e c o g n i z e d as the a c o u s t i c shadow i w a e d i a t e l y above thef i r s t a c o u s t i c return f r o m t h e u n d e r l y i n g sand s u r f a c e .

E v a l u a t i o n o f a c o u s t i c r e c o r d s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e s l u d g e w i t h i n t h e ir.ain p i t i sc o n c e n t r a t e d or p o o l e d in the d e e p e s t areas ( s e e F i g u r e 4-15). N u m e r o u s s l u d g ed u m p s or d e p o s i t s ex i s t around the banks at or near the wa t er e d g e . Ina d d i t i o n t o t h e m a t e r i a l t h a t m a y have been d i s p o s e d d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e w a t e r ,the s e d e p o s i t s on th e banks a p p a r e n t l y s e e p or f l o w d o v n g r a d i e n t i n t o t h e p i t .The l a c k o f s i g n i f i c a n t a c c u m u l a t i o n s o f s l u d g e on th e submerged s l o p e s o f t h ep i t s u g g e s t s t ha t t h e s l u d g e p o n d s a t t h e b o t t o m t h r o u g h g r a v i t y f l o w . P r o b i n gw i t h rods a l o n g th e s o u t h bank near th e east en trance i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h es e d i m e n t s vere a h i g h v i s c o s i t y m a t e r i a l . S a m p l i n g w i t h a P V C p i p e i n A p r i l1983 was not s u c c e s s f u l .

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In N o v e m b e r 1983, the water e l e v a t i o n in the main pit was about 11.6 f e e t abovemean sea l e v e l , or about 1 f o o t h i g h e r t han in A p r i l . The ten core s a m p l e s(COOl t h r o u g h C010) taken f r o m the main pit in November 1983 are shown inF i g u r e 4-15. A auramary o f the f i n d i n g s a t each c o r i n g s t a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d inT a b l e 4-13.

In g e n e r a l , the coring o b s e r v a t i o n s c o n f i r m e d the a c o u s t i c measurement s made inA p r i l 1983. H o w e v e r , c o r i n g at come l o c a t i o n s ( s u c h aa C003, C004, C007 andC009A) seemed to y i e l d s l u d g e t h i ckne s s e s gr ea t e r than the acous t i c measurements .The a cou s t i c measurements had no way of y i e l d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n on the sanda be lowthe s l u d g e s . The cor ing at every s t a t i o n i n d i c a t e d that o i l y or carry s l u d g e sa p p e a r t o have p e n e t r a t e d t h e n a t i v e s a n d s , l e a v i n g them h e a v i l y s t a i n e d .

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I 92T h e a c o u s t i c m e a s u r e m e n t s ( s e e t h e c o n t o u r s i n F i g u r e 4 - 1 5 ) m a d e i n A p r i l 1983s u g g e s t t h a t t h e main p i t n i g h t c o n t a i n 200,000 cub i c f e e t o f s l u d g e s w t e r i a l .C o r i n g in N o v e m b e r 1983 i n d i c a t e s t h i s i s a l o w e r Ho i t t o t h e s l u d g e v o l u m e si n t h e p i t . T h e cores where s l u d g e t h i c k n e s s e s e x c e e d e d t h e a c o u s t i co b s e r v a t i o n s were i n t h e c e n t r a l a n d w e s t e r n p o r t i o n s o f t h e p i t . B a t e d u p o nt h e s e l i m i t e d m e a s u r e m e n t s , t h e volume o f s l u d g e s c o u l d e a s i l y a p p r o a c h300,000 cub i c f e e t .

T h e s l u d g e vo lume e s t i m a t e s p r e v i o u s l y p r e s e n t e d a r e ba s ed o n a n a v e r a g e d e p t h( i n f e e t ) a s d e t e r m i n e d b y s u b - b o t t o m p r o f i l i n g a n d / o r c o r i n g m u l t i p l i e d b y t h earea ( i n square f e e t ) o f c o n t a i n e d s l u d g e .

T h e s e numbers p r o v i d e o n l y a g e n e r a l i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e s l u d g e a m o u n t s i n t h ep i t , b e c a u s e a c o u s t i c m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e l i m i t e d b y t h e p h y s i c a l d i f f e r e n c e sb e t w e e n t h e s l u d g e s a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g s a n d s . S i n c e s a n d s a n d s l u d g e s m a y havebecome i n t e r m i x e d over th e year s by s l u m p i n g or o t h e r p r o c e s s e s , a c o u s t i cm e a s u r e m e n t s m a y n o t c l e a r l y d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n t h e s l u d g e d e p o s i t s a n d t h es l u d g e sand m i x t u r e s . S i m i l a r l y , c o r i n g p r o v i d e d a v i s u a l means o fd i s t i n g u i s h i n g b e twe en t h e s l u d g e s a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g s a n d s . H o w e v e r , c o r i n gy i e l d e d i n f o r m a t i o n l i m i t e d t o o n l y t h o s e t e n s i t e s . V o l u m e c a l c u l a t i o n s ba s edupon o n l y t h o s e t en s i t e e ar c g e n e r a l e s t i m a t e s a t b e s t .

C\JT-oo

S i n c e a l m o s t every c o r i n g s t a t i o n i n d i c a t e d 1 t o 4 f e e t ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 1 3 ) o fh e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d s a n d a b e n e a t h t h e s l u d g e s , t h e r e c o u l d b e s u b s t a n t i a lq u a n t i t i e s o f h i g h l y c o n t a m i n a t e d mater ia l not accounted for by the sub-bo t tomp r o f i l e based volume e s t i m a t e . G i v t n t h e area o f t h e main p i t , t h e r e c o u l d b < a320,000 t o 1,300,000 cub i c f e e t o f o i l - and t a r - c o n t a m i n a t e d s a n d s b e n e a t h th es l u d g e s i n t h e p i t .

S e v e n t y p e r c e n t o f t h e core s a m p l e s c o n f i r m e d t h e s l u d g e d e p t h s i n d i c a t e d b yt h e e u b - b o t t c n D p r o f i l e . T h e o ther 3 0 p er c en t o f t h e cores i n d i c a t e d s l u d g ed e p t h s f r o m 1 . 5 t o 5 . 0 t ime s tho s e i n d i c a t e d b y t h e s u b - b o t t o m p r o f i l e . I na d d i t i o n , t h e s ub-bo t t om p r o f i l e doc s n o t , a a p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d , i n d i c a t et h e d e p t h o f c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l ( s o l i d s a n d eand s l u d g e m i x t u r e s ) b e n e a t hth e s e m i - s o l i d s l u d g e s . Some o f t h i s m a t e r i a l a p p e a r s t o b e n e a r l y a sc o n t a m i n a t e d a a t h e o v e r l y i n g s l u d g e s , t h e s l u d g e a n d c o n t a m i n a t e d sand

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v o l u m e s p r e s e n t e d i n t h e p r e c e d i n g p a r a g r a p h ! a r e a n e s t i m a t e b a t e d o na v a i l a b l e d a t a f r o m b o t h t h e c o r i n g a n d t h e s u b - b o t t o m p r o f i l e . I f a morer e l i a b l e v o lume e s t i m a t e i « r e q u i r e d , a raore c o m p l e x ( a n d t h u a more c o s t l y )s u b - s u r f a c e i n v e a t i g a t i o n o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d main p i t i s n e e e « a * r y .

T h r e e core* were c o l l e c t e d w i t h t h e v i b ra cor e f r o m t h e l a k e a o u t h o f G u l f P u m pRoad. T h e s e cores ( C O 1 1 t h r o u g h C 0 1 3 ) are d e s c r i b e d in T a b l e 4-14. Thel o c a t i o n s o f t h e s e cores are shown in F i g u r e 4-16. The b l a c k g e l a t i n o u s l i q u i dl a y e r / e x h i b i t e d an o r g a n i c chemical odor a t th e t i m e o f c o r i n g . S e d i m e n ts a m p l e s S006 a n d S E 2 2 were c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h i s l a k e f o r c h e m i c a l a n a l y s t s .T h e s e r e s u l t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n S e c t i o n 4.6.2.

4 . 5 S U R F A C E W A T E R / P I T W A S T E U A T E R S A M P L I N G4,5.1 S u r f a c e W a t e r / P i t W a s t e w a t e r , S i t e S e l e c t i o n a n d S a m p l i n g M e t h o d o l o g yF o u r s u r f a c e water a n d s i x w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d f o r a n a l y s i s f r o ms i t e s i d e n t i f i e d i n T a b l e 4-15. T h e Q u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e / Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l F l a nO u t l i n e d i n V o l u m e I V o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d £it« W o r k P l a n s u b m i t t e d t o t h eT e x a s D e p a r t m e n t o f W a t e r Resourc e s , March 1983, e s t a b l i s h e s t h e need f o r a n dr e q u i r e m e n t s f o r d u p l i c a t e s a m p l e s . T h e s e s a m p l e s a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m t h eo t h e r s a m p l e s b y t h e l e t t t e r " D " f o l l o w i n g t h e s a m p l e d u p l i c a t e d . S u r f a c ew a t e r s a m p l e S U 0 3 w a s t h e o n l y a u r f a c e wa t e r s a m p l e d u p l i c a t e d .

OmCM,__oO

P i t W a s t e w a t e rI n A p r i l 1983, s a m p l e s S W 0 1 a n d S W 0 2 were c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e was t e p i t a tl e v e l s 1 t o 1 . 5 m e t e r s above t h e p i t b o t t o m . S W 0 1 a n d S W 0 2 r e p r e s e n tc o m p o s i t e s o f u a m p l c s c o l l e c t e d Along l ines xhat t ransver s e t h e w a s t e p i t( F i g u r e 4 - 1 7 ) , F o u r a l i q u c s t s were o b t a i n e d f r o m s o u t h , m i d - s o u t h , m i d ^ n o r t h ,a n d n o r t h p o i n t s a l o n g t h e t r a n s v e r s e l i n e a n d t h e n c o m p o s i t e d . Each a l i q u o tw a s o b t a i n e d b y l o w e r i n g T e f l o n t u b i n g t o t h e d e s i r e d d e p t h a n d s a m p l i n g w i t h ap e r i s t a l t i c p u m p o p e r a t i n g a t l o w s p e e d .

In a d d i t i o n to the p r e c e d i n g lagoon was t ewat er s a m p l e s , a survey was done inA p r i l 1983 t o d e t e r m i n e w a t e r s t r a t i f i c a t i o n i n t h e wa s t e p i t . C o n d u c t i v i t y ,d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n , pH and t e m p e r a t u r e were measured a t two l i n e a r t r a n s e c t s( n o r t h - s o u t h ) c o r r e s p o n d i n g w i t h 5W01 a n d S W 0 2 . P a r a m e t e r s were m e a s u r e d a tf o u r p o i n t s a l o n g each t r a n s e c t . R e s u l t e f r o m t h e wat«r s t r a t i f i c a t i o n s urvey

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C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e f r o m e a s t e r n end o f w a s t e p i t a t a 2 to6 f o o t d e p t hC o m p o s i t e s a m p l e f r o m w e s t e r n end of w a s t e pi t at a 3 to1 0 f e e t d e p t hGrab s a m p l e f r o m abandoned sand p i t east o f the main wa s t ep i tG r a b s a m p l e f r o m abandoned sand p i t s o u t h o f t h e main w a s t ep i tGrab s a m p l e f r o m s l o u g h nor th and west o f t h e main w a s t e p i tG r a b s a m p l e f r o m f i s h i n g h o l e b e n e a t h U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g eSurvey t o d e t e r m i n e a n y s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f p H , c o n d u c t i v i t y ,or d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n in main w a s t e p i tS a m p l e s f r o m t o p , m i d d l e and b o t t o m water l a y e r s a" , thecenter of the main waste pi t

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98i n d i c a t e d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n s t r a t i f i c a t i o n b u t n o p H , c o n d u c t i v i t y ! o rt e m p e r a t u r e s t r a t i f i c a t i o n ( T a b l e 4 - 1 6 ) . T h e d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n c h e r a o c l i n eoccurred at 10 to 12 f e e t . V e r t i c a l p r o f i l e s c o n s i s t e d o f s u r f a c e , m i d - d e p t ha n d b o t t o m m e a s u r e m e n t s a t t h e s e p o i n t s . A s i n g l e v e r t i c a l p r o f i l e w a s t a k e na t t h e c e n t e r o f t h e main p i t ( S W H A P T ) a t 1 . 5 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s .

I n N o v e m b e r 1983, thre e more p i t w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s ( S W 0 7 , S W 0 3 a n d S W 0 9 ) werec o l l e c t e d f r o m the same l o c a t i o n in the c enter o f the main p i t . T h e s e s a m p l e swere c o l l e c t e d w i t h a p e r i s t a l t i c p u m p a n d T e f l o n t u b i n g l o w e r e d t o d e p t h s o f2- , 9- , and 1 7 * - f e e t b e l o w th e p i t s u r f a c e .

S u r f a c e W a t e rI n a d d i t i o n t o w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s taken f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d p i t , f o u rs u r f a c e w a t e r s a m p l e s were t a k e n f r o m area p o n d s a n d d r a i n a g e w a y s . S a m p l e S W 0 3w a s a grab s a m p l e t a k e n f r o m t h e abandoned sand p i t i m m e d i a t e l y eas t o f t h eaain w a s t e p i t . S a m p l e S U 0 4 w a s a grab s a m p l e t a k e n i n t h e pond ( a b a n d o n e dsand p i t ) s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p Road. S a m p l e S W Q 5 w a s a grab s a m p l e t a k e n f r o mt h e swampy d r a i n a g e w a y nor th o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 . S a m p l e S W 0 6 w a s a grab s a m p l etaken i n t h e " f i s h i n g hole" b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e .

4.5.2 C h e m i c a l R e s u l t s — S u r f a c e W a t e r a n d P i t W a s t e w a t e rT h e c o n v e n t i o n a l a n a l y s e s ( p r i m a r i l y i n d i c a t o r p a r a m e t e r s ) o f s u r f a c e w a t e r sf r o m the F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e v i c i n i t y are shown in T a b l e 4-17. The a n a l y s e sf o r n e t a l a , P C B s , p e s t i c i d e s , a n d G C / M S f r a c t i o n s a r e s u m r a a r i E f t d i n T a b l e 4-18.

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P i t W a a t e w a t c rP i t w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s S V 0 1 e n d S W 3 2 were tak en f r o m t h e main p i t , a n d b o t he x h i b i t e d t r a c e s o f p h e n o l s ( s e e T a b l e 4-18). A l l three w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s£rom t h e sain p i t ( S W 0 1 , S W 0 2 a n d S W M A F T ) e x h i b i t e d e l e v a t e d T O G l e v e l s ( 6 2 , 0 0 0t o 62,700 p p b ) . The three w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d in N o v e m b e r 1983 ( 3 W O 7t h rough S W 0 9 ) g e n e r a l l y showed i n c r e a s i n g c o n t a m i n a t i o n a t g r e a t e r d e p t h s . T h es a m p l e taken f r o m a 2 - f o o t d e p t h ( S W 0 7 ) c o n t a i n e d 19,100 p p b T O G a n d 1 1 0 p p bT O X . S W 0 8 , taken 9 - f e « t <3e«p, showrd 28,700 p p b T O G , 7 7 p p b T O X , a n d showedt w o b a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n c h e m i c a l s above d e t e c t i o n l i m i t s ( b i s ( 2 ~ e t h y l h e x y l )p h t h a l s t e a t 3 ppb and d i - N - b u t y l p h t h a l a t e a t 2 p p b ] . The d e e p e s t s a m p l e ,

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102t a k e n f r o m 1 7 f e e t ( S W 0 9 ) , e x h i b i t e d a b l u i s h t i n t * £ t h e t i m e o f c o l l e c t i o n ,a n d showed 534,000 p p b T O C a n d 1 6 0 p p b T O X . T h i s s a m p l e w a s f r e e o f p e s t i c i d e s« n d G C / H S ac id f r a c t i o n p o l l u t a n t s , b u t c o n t a i n e d numerous G C / M S v o l a t i l e a n db a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n p o l l u t a n t s ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 1 6 ) , Benzene w a s f o u n d i n S W 0 9«t 1,500 ppb or more t h a n 200 t i m e a above the human h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n .

O t h e r v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s f o u n d i n S W 0 9 were: c h l o r o f o r m (390 p p b ) ;1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e ( 1 9 0 p p b ) ; 1 , 1 - d i c h l o r o e t h y l e n e ( 1 3 p p b ) ; t e t r a c h l o r o e t h e n e( 6 3 p p b ) ; t r i c h l o r o e t h e n e ( 1 1 0 p p b ) ; a n d v i n y l c h l o r i d e ( 1 8 0 p p b ) , S W 0 9c o n t a i n e d h i g h p a r t p e r b i l l i o n l e v e l s o f s e v e r a l p o l y n u c l e a r a r o m a t i ch y d r o c a r b o n s ( d e ' . e c t e d b y t h e b a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n ) , i n c l u d i n g : a n t h r a c e n e a t2 2 0 p p b , b e n « o ( A ) * n t h r a c e n e a t 2 f l O p p b , f l u o r a n t h e n e a t 6 3 0 p p b , c h r y s e n e a t1 7 0 p p b , f l u o r e n e a c 5 7 0 p p b , p h e n a n c h r e n e a t 1,300 p p b , a n d p y r e n e a t 7 4 0 p p b .

T h e t o t a l o f t h e s e p o l y n u c l e a r s r o m a t i c s ( P N A ' s ) i s about 3 . 3 p p r a , w h i c h i sover 100,000 t i m e s above the 10"5 i n c r e m e n t a l canc er r i s k c r i t e r i o n o f0,028 p p b f o r P N A ' s . I n s h a l l o w e r w a t e r s , c h l o r o f o r m w a s d e t e c t e d i n s a m p l eS W 0 1 a t a l e v e l o f 3 . 0 p p b , w h i c h e x c e e d s t h e human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a o f 1 . 9 p p b .O t h e r v o l a t i l e s f o u n d i n S W 0 1 i n c l u d e : benzene ( 2 . 0 p p b ) , 1 ,1- a n d1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e ( 2 . 0 a n d 4 . 0 p p b ) a n d v i n y l c h l o r i d e ( 2 . 0 p p b ) . T h e G C / K Sa c i d a n d b a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n s were l e s s t h a n t h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t i n S U 0 1 .

T a b l e 4-17 i n d i c a t e s a change i n p H a n d c o n d u c t i v i t y v a l u e s f r o m t h e A p r i l t oN o v e m b e r s a m p l i n g . T h e o v e r a l l r e d u c t i o n s o f t h e c o n d u c t i v i t y r e f l e c t s t h ee f f e c t s t h e M a y 1983 f l o o d h a d o n t h e l a g o o n s w a t e r s . T h e l a r g e d i l u t i o n o fl a g o o n w a s t e w a t e r s b y s u r f a c e wa t er d u r i n g t h e f l o o d c a n account f o r v a r i a n c eseen b e t w e e n t h e t w o s a m p l i n g p e r i o d s . N o v e m b e r p H r e a d i n g s were t a k e n u s i n gp H p a p e r d u e t o a m a l f u n c t i o n i n t h e p H m e t e r . A l l o t h e r s u r f a c e w a t e r p Hr e a d i n g s were t a k e n w i t h a p H a e t e r . T h e l a r g e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e p H r e a d i n g sf o r taa in p i t w a s t e w a t e r s b e tween t h e A p r i l a n d N o v e m b e r s a m p l e s c a n p r o b a b l ybe a t t r i b u t e d Co the u s e o f pH p a p e r in l i e u o f the pH m e t e r .

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I n C h e s u r f a c e w a t e r s away f r o m t h e main p i t , t h e a n a l y s i s o f S W 0 5 , t a k e n i nt h e f f v a m p y d r a i n a g e w a y n o r t h o f C h e s i t e , showed T O C ( 3 5 , 7 0 0 p p b ) t h a t w a st r i p l e chat o f S W 0 3 f r o m t h e a b a n d o n e d sand p i t eas t o f t h e main p i t( 1 2 , 3 0 0 p p b ) a n d S W 0 6 f r o m t h e " f i s h i n g hole" b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0

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tb r i d g e ( 1 2 , 2 0 0 p p b ) . T h e G C / H S a n a l y s i s f o r v o l a t i l e * i n S W 0 6 w a s o b s e r v e d t ob e l e s s t h a n t h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t . H o w e v e r , m e t a l s a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e d t h ep r e t e n c e o f c h r o m i u m ( I I r » p b ) , c o p p e r ( 6 . 6 p p b ) , m e r c u r y ( 0 . 3 p p b ) a n d z i n c( 1 7 . 9 p p b ) .

S u r f a c e wa t e r s a m p l e S U 0 4 t a k e n i n t h e a b a n d o n e d sand p i t s o u t h o f t h e s i t eshowed < TOC o f 12 ,200 p p b ( n« d e t e c t a b l e TOX, and n o t h i n g in th e GC/HS v o l a -t i l e , a c i d a n d b a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n s above t h e t h e d e t e c t i o n l i m i t . I t d i de x h i b i t t r a c e s o f t h e p e s t i c i d e L i n d a n e (0.045 p p b ) , a l t h o u g h n o t a t As i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l ( t h e 10~5 i n c r e m e n t a l cancer r i s k c r i t e r i o n i s0.186 p p b ) . T h e p r e s e n c e o f L i n d a n e i n s u r f a c e w a t e r s a m p l e , S W 0 4 , m a y b e d u et o s our c e s e x t e r n a l t o t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

L i k e S W 0 6 , s u r f a c e wa t er s a m p l e S W 0 4 i n d i c a t e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f c h r o m i u m( 1 0 p p b ) , c o p p e r ( 5 . 6 p p b ) , m e r c u r y (0.3 p p b ) , a n d z inc ( 1 6 . 8 p p b ) . T h e s e

M e t a l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y the chromium and tine are p r e s e n t in S W 0 4 and SW06 ins i m i l a r p r o p o r t i o n s a* t h o s e seen in the oain pi t s l u d g e s .

4.5.3 P i t W a s t e w a t e r a n d S u r f a c e W a t e r A a a e g i m e n tW a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n in th e main p i t a p p e a r s t o b e q u i t e l ow over th e s h a l l o w e rd e p t h s ( i . e . l e s s than 1 5 f e e t ) . H o w e v e r , s e a s o n a l c h a n g e s a p p e a r t os i g n i f i c a n t l y a f f e c t t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h eu p p e r wa t e r l a y e r s . S u r f a c e wa t er s a m p l e S W 0 1 t a k e n i n A p r i l i n d i c a t e d t h ep r e s e n c e o f t rac e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f f i v e v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a n t s , w h i l es a m p l e S W 0 8 t a k e n i n N o v e m b e r i n d i c a t e d n o v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c * ? . T h i s o b s e r v a t i o nc o u l d b e a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e n e t t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n A p r i l a n dN o v e m b e r ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 * F ) . T h e c o o l e r N o v e m b e r t e m p e r a t u r e s r e d u c e t h es o l u b i l i t y o f most o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s i n w a t e r , r e d u c e t h e p a r t i t i o n c o e f f i c i e n tb e twe en s e d i m e n t s and w a t e r , and r educ ed th e rate o f v o l a t i l i s a t i o n f r o mg e d i m e n t a / a l u d g e a i n t o t h e A i r . W a a t e w a t e r s a m p l e d i n N o v e m b e r a l o n g t h eb o t t o a o f t h e p i t v a s h i g h l y c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t h v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c a n d bnsen e u t r a l c o m p o u n d s . S a m p l e S W 0 9 a p p e a r e d t o have e much h i g h e r s u s p e n d e d a o l i d sc o n c e n t r a t i o n t h a n SW01 ( b a a e d on a v i s u a l c o m p a r i s o n ) . The pr e s en c e o f h ighc o n c e n t r a t i o n of base n e u t r a l c o m p o u n d s in SW09 and not SW01 c o u l d be due tot h e h i g h s u s p e n d e d a o l i d s c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n S W 0 9 . A l s o t h e u p p e r w a t e r l a y e r so f t h e w a s t e p i t g e n e r a l l y have o lower s u s p e n d e d B o l i d e c o n c e n t r a t i o n than t h e

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l o w e r l a y e r s d u e t o t h e g r a v i t a t i o n a l s e t t l i n g o f t h e s o l i d s . T h e r e f o r e , t h ec o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h e w a t e r s o f t h e m a i n p i t i s c l e a r l y a f f e c t e db y t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n l e v e l s i n t h e K l u d g e s a n d s e d i m e n t s , t h e a m b i e n tt e m p e r a t i o n s o f t h e s e d i m e n t / w a t e r / a i r i n t e r f a c e , a n d a n y d i s t u r b a n c e w h i c hs i g h t i n t e r r u p t t h e s e d i m e n t a t i o n p r o c e s s i n t h e p i t .

T h e w a t e r s o u t s i d e t h e main p i t d o n o t a p p e a r t o b e c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t h o r g a n i cc o n t a m i n a n t s . T h i s c a n b e a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e l a c k o f s u r f a c e p a t h w a y sc o n n e c t i n g t h e d i f f e r e n t b o d i e s o f w a t e r . R u n o f f d u r i n g n o n - f l o o d p e r i o d s i sv i r t u a l l y n o n - e x i s t e n t . E v a p o r a t i o n a n d i n f i l t r a t i o n i n t o t h e g r o u n d w a t e ra p p e a r t o b e t h e t w o d o m i n a n t p a t h w a y s f o r o u t f l o w f r o m t h e raain p i t a n d o t h e rp i t u , mar sh e s a n d s l o u g h s i n t h e s i t e .

• ' . 6 S E D I M E N T S A M P L I N G4 * 6 . 1 S e d i m e n t S a m p l i n g S i t e S e l e c t i o n a n d S a m p l i n g M e t h o d o l o g yE l e v e n s e d i m e n t s t a p l e s ( S E O l t h r o u g h S E 1 0 ) were c o l l e c t e d i n A p r i l 1983 , a n dn i n e t e e n more ( S E l l t h r o u g h S E 2 9 ) were t a k e n i n N o v e m b e r 1983, u s i n g e i t h e r aP o n a r s a m p l e r , p o s t - h o l e d i g g e r , shove l o r v i b r a c o r e r d e p e n d i n g o n d e p t h o fw a t e r a n d s e d i m e n t c o n d i t i o n s . A summary o f t h e s e s a m p l i n g s i t e s a n d t h e i rl o c a t i o n s i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 4-19 a n d F i g u r e s 4-18 a n d 4-19. S a m p l i n g t o o l swere t h o r o u g h l y c l e a n e d a n d r inard b e tween s a m p l i n g l o c a t i o n s b y f i r s t r i n s i n gw i t h w a t e r a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y r i n s i n g w i t h hexane f o l l o w e d b y a c e t one . A f t e r t h ea c e t o n e r i n s e , t h e t o o l w a s r i n s e d u i t h d i s t i l l e d w a t e r a n d a l l o w e d t o d r y .T h e f i r s t grab a t each l o c a t i o n w a s d i s c a r d e d a s a f u r t h e r c l e a n i n g s t e p .L e x a n o r P V C p i p e used w i t h t h e v i b ra cor e s a m p l e r w a s d i s c a r d e d a f t < ? r eache A m p l e w a s o b t a i n e d . D e p t h o f s e d i m e n t s s a m p l e d w a s 2 t o 6 i n c h e s ( 0 . 0 5 t o0 . 2 m e t e r s ) . S e d i m e n t s were c o m p o s i t e d f r o m t h r e e t o f o u r s u b s a m p l e s a t eachl o c a t i o n . A t p o n d s o r d e f i n e d d r # i n a g e w a y s , s u b s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d a c ro s s at r a n s e c t a s shown in F i g u r e A-18.

4.6.2 C h e m i c a l R e s u l t s — S e d i a e n c gS e l e c t e d s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s were a n a l y z e d f o r o w e a l s . T h e s e r e o u l t s a r e p r e s e n t e di n T a b l e 4-20. S a m p l e f l f r o m t h e main p i t ( S E O l a n d S E 0 3 ) c o n t a i n e d e l e v a t e dl e v e l s o f a l m o s t a l l D e t a i n r e l a t i v e C o s i t e s o u t s i d e t h e p i t . O n e s a m p l e f r o mt h e s l o u g h n o r t h o f t h e p i t ( S E 0 6 ) w a s a n a l y z e d f o r r a e t a l a a n d showed s i g n i f i c a n t

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C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s taken on n o r t h - s o u t h t r a n s e c t f r o me a s t , c e n t e r , and weat zones o f main w a s t e p i t .C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e taken on eaat-weat t r a n s e c t f r o mabandoned eand pi t east o f main was t e p i t .C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e taken on nor th- sou th t ran s e c t f r o ms l o u g h nor th and vest of main was t e pit and s ou th ofU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 near b r i d g e .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s taken on n o r t h - s o u t h t ran s e c t f r o ms l o u g h north and west of main w a s t e pit and s ou th ofU.S. H i g h w a y 90 near west end.C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s t ak en on n o r t h - s o u t h t r a n s e c tf r o m " f i s h i n g hole" under U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e .S a m p l e Caken f r o m c e n t e r l i n e o f s l o u g h north o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 Jfee t west o f b r i d g e .S a m p l e f r o m drainage d i t c h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 0 f e e t s ou thof G u l f Puiap Road and east of R i v e r d a l e .C o m p o s i t e a a m p l e Caken an eas t-wes t t ran s e c t f r o m«lough between main waste pi t end G u l f Pump Road.C o m p o s i t e a a t u p l e taken on nor th- s ou th transec t f r o mabandoned Band p i t a ou th o f G u l f Pump Road.

C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s taken f r o m s l o u g h south o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a l o n g a e r o t e s e c t i o n near vest end ofthe s lough.C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s t ak en f r o m s l o u g h s ou th o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a l o n g a cross s e c t i o n near p r e v i o u s s a m p l es i t e S E 0 5 . ! iC o m p o s i t e o f a a m p l e * taken f r o m s l o u g h s o u t h o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a l o n g a cross f l e c t i o n near b r i d g e .S e d i m e n t core s a m p l e taken at 6 to 12 inch d e p t h ata a m p l e a i f c e S E 1 3 .

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C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s t a k e n f r o m s l o u g h n o r t h o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a l o n g a cross s e c t i on n o r t h e a s t end ofa l o u g h .S e d i m e n t core s a m p l e taken at 6 to 12 inch d e p t ha p p r o x i m a t e l y 50 f e e t west o f s a m p l e s i t e S E 1 5 .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s taken f r o m s l o u g h north o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90 a l o n g cross s e c t i o n s . S a m p l e s i t e sr e g u l a r l y s p a c e d be tween U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e a n dwest end of s l o u g h .S a m p l e s taken f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e c e n t e r l i n e o f s w a m p yd r a i n a g e w a y n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e t a k e n f r o m t h e a b a n d o n e d sand p i ts o u t h o f G u l f Pump Road a l o n g a n ea s t -we s t t r a n s e c t .S a m p l e s taken f r o m c e n t e r l i n e m a j o r d r a i n a g e w a y s o u t ho f G u l f Pump R c * J .C o m p o s i t e over d e p t h of s ediment cores, C009B and C 0 1 0 ,taken in nain waste pit dur ing v e r i f i c a t i o n of s l u d g ed e p t h s .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s taken f r o m the pond south ofG u l f Pump Road near e x i s t i n g groundwat er w e l l s G V 0 2 andG W Q 7 . S a m p l e taken a long a nor th- s ou th t r a n s e c t .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s taken f r o m the pond at s o u t h w e s tcorner o f G u l f P u m p Road a n d M a p l e D r i v e . S a m p l e t obe t ak en a l o n g an ea s t-ve s t t r a n s e c t .C o m p o s i t e o f s a m p l e s t a k e n f r o n t R i c k e t t L a k e a l o n g an o r t h - s o u t h t r a n s e c t .

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m e t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . T h e s a m p l e t a k e n i n t h e a b a n d o n e d s a n d p i t e a s t o f t h em a i n w a s t e p i t ( S E C 4 ) d i d n o t show s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s o f m e t a l s . T h e d i t c h* o u t h o f t h e m a i n p i t ( S E 1 0 ) w a s a l s o f r e e o f unusua l m e t a l s c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

T h e h i g h e s t l e v e l s o f o rgani c c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s o c curred i n t h emain p i t ( T a b l e 4-21). S a m p l e s S E 0 1 , S E 0 2 , a n d SE03 r e f l e c t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o ft h e t o p A t o 6 inche s o f s l u d g e / s e d i m e n t l a y e r s i n A p r i l 1983. S a m p l e s S E 2 5and S E 2 6 were c o m p o s i t e d over a d e p t h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 f e e t in N o v e m b e r 1983f r o m v ibracore s a m p l e s (C009 and C 0 1 0 ) and thu s r e f l e c t a v e r t i c a l averagec o m p o s i t i o n i n t h e c en t er o f t h e p i t . H i g h l e v e l s o f G C / M S b a s e / n e u t r a lf r a c t i o n c o m p o u n d s were f l e e t ! i n b o t h A p r i l A n d N o v e m b e r i n a l l t h e s a m p l e s ,S E 0 1 , S E 0 2 , S E 0 3 , S E 2 5 a n d S E 2 6 . N a p h t h a l e n e (8,700 p p r a i n S E 2 5 ) a n dp h e n a n t h r e n e (8 ,300 p p m ) were t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o b s e rv ed i n t h eb a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n . S e d i m e n t s a m p l e s S £ 0 1 , S E 0 1 D , S E 0 2 f a n d S E 0 3 were n o ta n a l y z e d f o r G C / M S v o l a t i l e s d u e t o t h e r e l a t i v e l y s h a l l o w d e p t h s ( 4 t o6 i n c h e s ) t h e y were t a k e n f r o m a n d t h e h i g h s o l u b i l i t y i n w a t e r o f mostv o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s . N o s i g n i f i c a n t v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n swere e x p e c t e d in the u p p e r s e d i m e n t s . Because th ey were s a m p l e d over a g r e a t e rd e p t h , s e d i m e n t s S E 2 5 a n d S E 2 6 were a n a l y z e d f o r t h e G C / M S v o l a t i l e f r a c t i o n .Benzene was f o u n d at 1,100 ppm in S E 2 5 , as w e l l as h i g h ppm l e v e l s of over adozen o t h e r c o m p o u n d s . T o t a l e x t r a c t a b l e organic s ( T O E ) i n t h e main p i t• l u d g e / s e d i m e n t s ranged f r o m 7,880 p p r a t o 92,600 p p m . P h e n o l s , T O X , a n d T O Cwere a l s o h i g h iu t h e s e s a m p l e s . Of the s ix s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s t a k e n in the mainp i t , f o u r were a n a l y z e d f o r P C B c o n c e n t r a t i o n . T w o o f t h e s a m p l e d , 5E01 a n dS E 0 3 , i n d i c a t e d PCB c o n c e n t r a t i o n s above 50 p p m . The r e m a i n i n g two s a m p l e s ,S E 0 1 0 and S E 0 2 e x h i b i t e d PCB c o n c e n t r a t i o n s near 50 p p m . S e d i m e n t s a m p l e S E 0 3 ,taken f r o m t h e w e s t e r n e n d o f t h e main p i t , e x h i b i t e d t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o no f P C B s , 5 0 7 p p r a .

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v o l a t i l e c o m p o u n d s : c h l o r o e t h a n e ( 4 p p m ) ; r a e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e ( 1 p p m ) ;1 , l - * d i c h l o r o e t h e n e ( 3 p p m ) ; 1 , 1 , 1 - t r i e h l o r o e t h a n e ( 0 . 7 p p m ) a n d1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o p r o p a n e (0.4 p p r a ) . F o r t h e t e n v o l a t i l e c o m p o u n d s f o u n d i n s a m p l e sS E 2 5 a n d S E 2 6 , t h e l e v e l s i n t h e head s p a c e a n a l y s i s c o r r e l a t e d w e l l w i t hl e v e l s I n t h e s o l i d m a t r i x .

A c o m p o s i t e s a m p l e o f s e d i m e n t s f r o m t h e raaxn p i t w a s t e s t e d f o r a v a r i e t y o fp h y s i c a l a n d c h e m i c a l p a r a m e t e r s w h i c h c o u l d a f f e c t t h e s e l e c t i o n o f t r e a t m e n ta l t e r n a t i v e s . T h e s e t e s t r e s u l t s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 4-23.

T h e s l o u g h n o r t h o f t h e main p i t a n d s o u t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a l s o c o n t a i n e ds i g n i f i c a n t y e t l ower l e v e l s o f t h e same o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n f o u n d i n t h emain p i t s l u d g e / s e d i m e n t s ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 2 1 ) . T O E i n S E 0 5 w a s 91 ,400 p p r a , w h i l eT O E i n a l l t h e o t h e r s a m p l e s taken i n t h e s l o u g h r a n g e d f r o m 2 0 9 p p m t o14,700 p p r a . T O G c o n c e n t r a t i o n s r a n g e d f r o m a h i g h o f 49 ,100 p p r a ( S E l l ) t o al o w o f 2 , 7 3 0 p p m < S E 1 4 ) . P C B s ( 1 0 1 6 a n d 1 2 6 0 ) were f o u n d i n s a m p l e s S E l lt h r o u g h S E 1 4 i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o r a a h i g h o f 2 4 p p m ( S E 1 2 ) t o a l o w o f0.12 p p r a ( S E 1 3 ) .

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T h e s l o u g h n o r t h o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 w a s s a m p l e d ( s e e T a b l e 4-24^. T r a c e s o fp h t h a l a t e s a n d o t h e r b a s e / n e u t r a l c o m p o u n d s seen i n t h e main p i ts e d i < a e n t t > / s l u d g e s were f o u n d i n t h i s s l o u g h e t f r a c t i o n a l p p m l e v e l s a n d l o w e r .T O E r a n g e d f r o m 5 7 4 p p m ( S E 0 8 ) t o 2 ,660 p p m ( S E 1 5 ) . N o G C / M S v o l a t i l ec o m p o u n d s were f o u n d . T r a c e c o n c e n t r a t o r s o f P C B s b e l o w 1 p p t a were f o u n d i ns a m p l e s S E 1 6 , S E i ? , S E 1 8 a n d S E 1 9 .

S a m p l e S E 2 0 , t ak en f r o m t h e swampy d r a i n a g e w a y n o r t h o f t h e s l o u g h a r e a , showeda n t h r a c e n e ( 0 . 0 6 5 p p m ) , chryaene ( 0 . 1 5 p p r a ) a n d t r a c e s o f s i x o t h e rb a s e / n e u t r a l e x t r a c t a b l e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s f o u n d i n t h e main p i t . T h e s e t w oc o m p o u n d s , a n t h r a c e n e a n d c h r y s e n e , verc n o t f o u n d i n t h e s l o u g h n o r t h o f U . S .H i g h w a y 9 0 , i n d i c a t i n g p o s s i b l e c on taminant t r a n s p o r t p r o c e s s e s which a r ea c t i v e o n l y d u r i n g h i g h wat er p e r i o d s ( i . e . f l o o d i n g ) .

T h e s e d i m e n t s a m p l e taken f r o m t h e p i t east o f t h e main p i t ( S E 0 4 ) c o n t a i n e de l e v a t e d T O E ( 5 4 1 p p a ) , b u t o t h e r w i s e i s p r a c t i c a l l y f r e e o f o r g a n i cc o n t a m i n a t i o n ( s e e T a b l e 4-24).

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P C S - 1 2 6 0 , S E 2 4 f u r t h e r d o w n s t r e a m e x h i b i t e d h i g h e r l e v e l s o f P C B s a n d T O X .S e d i m e n t s f r o m R i c k e t t Lake ( S E 2 9 — s e e F i g u r e 4 -19) c o n t a i n e d 0.007P C B - 1 2 6 0 , 2 . 8 p p m T O X , a n d l o w l e v e l s o f p h t h a l a t e s .

T h e t w o p o n d s near t h e R i v e r d a l a S u b d i v i s i o n ( S E 2 7 a n d S E 2 8 ) e x h i b i t e d 2 . 5 a n d7 . 3 p p m T O X , 3 4 1 a n d 1 , 1 3 0 p p m T O E , a n d 0.4* a n d 0.021 p p m P C B - 1 2 6 0 ,r e s p e c t i v e l y . B i s ( 2 - e t h y l h e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e w a s a l s o f o u n d i n b o t h p o n d s .

4.6.3 S e d i m e n t s A s s e s s m e n tT h e s l u d g e s a n d s e d i m e n t s i n t h e main p i t ( S E 0 1 , S E 0 2 a n d S E 0 3 ) a r es u b s t a n t i a l l y c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t h n a p h t h a l e n e ( u p t o 0.24 p e r c e n t ) , p h e n a n t h r e n e( u p t o 0.18 p e r c e n t ) , P C B s ( u p t o 5 0 7 p p m ) , a n d o t h e r o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s .S a m p l i n g b y t h e U S E P A o n S e p t e m b e r 2 0 ( 1979 ( s e e A p p e n d i x 0 ) r e v e a l e d P C B s( 2 8 3 p p m ) , a n d o i l a n d g r e a s e ( 1 0 . 8 p e r c e n t ) i n s i d e t h e main p i t . U S E P As a m p l i n g in t h e n o r t h s l o u g h showed 1 ,560 ppm P C B s and 24.8 p e r c e n t o i l andgr ea s e . T h e s o l u b i l i t y o f many o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s i s l o w , a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y t h es u r f a c e a n d ground w a t e r s d o n o t e x h i b i t s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s .T h e v o l a t i l e c o m p o n e n t o f t h e s e s l u d g e s i s a l s o s u b s t a n t i a l , s in c e benzene w a sf o u n d «t 1,100 ppm and over a d o z e n o t h e r c o m p o u n d s were seen in the h i g h ppt&r a n g e . T h e v o l a t i l e c o m p o u n d s a r e a f f e c t i n g t h e s h a l l o w ground w a t e r s s o u t h o ft h e main p i t ( s e e w e l l a G W 0 8 a n d G W 0 9 ) a t s u b s t a n t i a l ( p a r t p e r m i l l i o n ) l e v e l sf o r f l o r a e c o m p o u n d s . S e e p a g e o f l e a c h a t e f r o m t h e main p i t t o t h e s h a l l o wA q u i f e r i a o c c u r r i n g a n d a p p e a r s t o b e t r a n s p o r t i n g many o f t h e v o l a t i l eo r g a n i c a a n d some b a n e / n e u t r a l o f r o m t h e p i t s l u d g e s i n t o t h e s h a l l o w groundw a t e r .

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t h e main p i t . S a m p l e s S E 0 3 a n d S E 2 5 / S E 2 6 were t a k e n c l o s e s t C o t h i s zone, a n dshowed g e n e t a l l y t h e h i g h e s t c h e m i c a l c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h e o t h e r c a m p l e s weref u r t h e r f r o m t h i s a l u d g e zone, A n d showed s l i g h t l y lower c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . T h i sc o n c e n t r a t i o n i s l i k e l y t o p r e v a i l across t h e e n t i r e u n d e r w a t e r p o r t i o n o f t h eA d i n p i t . T h e v i b r s c o r e s a m p l e * i n d i c a t e t h a t d i s p e r s i v e f o r c e s ( l e a c h i n g ,f l o o d s , e t c . ) over th e pa s t years have c o n t a m i n a t e d what wa s o r i g i n a l l y c l e a nsands on the s i d e s and f l o o r o f the p i t . The e n t i r e b o t t o m o f the main p i t i el i k e l y t o b e s u b s t a n t i a l l y c o n t a m i n a t e d t o d e p t h s r a n g i n g f r o m 1 f o o t u p t o6 f e e t b e n e a t h t h e s ed iment water i n t e r f a c e . S e e S e c t i o n 4.4.2 f o r f u r t h e rd i s c u s s i o n o f s l u d g e d e p t h s a n d volume e s t i m a t e s . r-

S l u d g e / s e d i m e n t d e p o s i t s e x h i b i t i n g s u b s t a n t i a l chemica l c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n t h es l o u g h b e tween U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d t h e main p i t were f o u n d t o d e p t h s o f1 2 inches i n a n e a r l i e r U S E P A s t u d y ( N a d e a u , 1981; s e e A p p e n d i x P ) . U S E P A ' ss t u d y f o u n d a d i s t i n c t c o r r e l a t i o n b e tween TOE and P C B s in s e d i m e n t s and corestaken f r o m the s l o u g h area.

S e d i m e n t s i n t h e east p i t ( S E 0 4 ) a n d n o r t h o f t h e main p i t ( S E 0 5 , S E 0 6 , S E 0 7 ,S E 0 8 , S E 1 1 , S E 1 2 , S E 1 3 , S E J U , S E 1 5 , e t c ) e x h i b i t d e f i n i t e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a si n d i c a t e d b y T O X , T O C 8 a n d G C / M S b a s e / n e u t r a l a n a l y s i s , a l t h o u g h a t l e v e l s 1 t o2 o r d e r s o f m a g n i t u d e lower than the aain p i t . The F l o o d o f 1979 created abreach in the n o r t h d i k e a d j a c e n t to the U . S . H i g h w a y 90 b r i d g e , which a l l o w e ds l u d g e s a n d f l o a t i n g c i t y r e s i d u e s t o e s c a p e i n t o t h e b a c k w a t e r area b e n e a t hthe b r i d g e and between the h ighway and the eain p i t . S e d i m e n t S E 2 0 i n d i c a t e st ha t some con taminant t r a n s p o r t has a p p a r e n t l y occurred into the area north ofth e h i g h w a y , bu t t h a t th e c o n t a m i n a t i o n i s no t p r e s e n t in s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s .

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S e d i m e n t s a l o n g t h e d r a i n a g e p a t h w a y sou th o f t h e s i t e e x h i b i t l o w l e v e lc o n t a m i n a t i o n ( p r i m a r i l y p h t h a l f l t e a and trace l e v e l s o f P C B s ) a s f ar down a eR i e k e t t L a k e , T r a n s p o r t o f c o n t a m i n a n t s d u r i n g f l o o d events ia p r o b a b l y th eoechanism t h r o u g h which t h i s occurs. Low l ev e l p h t h a l a t e and PCD c o n t a m i n a t i o n( g e n e r a l l y l e a n than 1 p p t a ) on two ponde in the R i v e r d a l e area could a l s o bee x p l a i n e d b y t r a n s p o r t d u r i n g f l o o d events.

Because p l a n n e d and e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n s at the s i t e have removed the m a j o rp o r t i o n of the s u r f a c e c o n t a m i n a t i o n o th er than the main vaate jpit s l u d g e s , the

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t r a n s p o r t o f c o n t a m i n a n t s b y f l o o d w a t e r s o r s u r f a c e d r a i n a g e i a p r o b a b l y• i n i m a l . T h e c o n t a m i n a t i o n seen i n a n d a l o n g t h e area d r a i n a g e w a y s i s p r o b a b l ya r«aul t of p a a t event* and not an i n d i c a t o r of on-going s u r f a c e m i g r a t i o n ofc o n t a m i n a n t s .

4 . 7 S O I L S A M P L E S4.7.1 S i t e S e l e c t i o n S a m p l i n g M e t h o d o l o g yF i v e t o i l s a m p l e s ( S 0 0 1 t h r o u g h S 0 0 5 ) were c o l l e c t e d i n A p r i l 1983 , w h i l e f i v eacre soil s a m p l e s ( S 0 0 7 t h r o u g h SOU) were taken in N o v e m b e r 1983 to s u p p l e m e n tt h e p r e v i o u s s a m p l i n g ( s e e T a b l e 4-26 a n d F i g u r e A -20). S o i l s a m p l e s werec o l l e c t e d by c o m p o s i t i n g t h r e e t o f o u r s u b s a m p l e s f r o t a a g i v e n area. A handt r o w e l , shovel or p o s t - h o l e d i g g e r was used to ob ta in the s u b a a m p l e s . Thed e p t h o f t h e s a m p l e s w a s 2 t o 6 inche s . S a m p l i n g t o o l s were t h o r o u g h l y c l e a n e da n d r in s ed b e twe en each l o c a t i o n . C l e a n i n g i n v o l v e d removal o f c r o s o c o n t a m i -n a t i o n f o l l o w e d by a water r in s e , f o l l o w e d in turn by a hexane t h e n ace toner inae . T h e s a m p l e t o o l w a s t h e n r in s ed w i t h d i s t i l l e d w a t e r a n d a l l o w e d t o a i rd r y . T h e f i r s t a u b s a m p l e w a s d i s c a r d e d a s a f u r t h e r c l e a n i n g s t e p .

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4.7-2 C h e m i c a l R e s u l t aC h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s f o r t h e t e n s o i l s a m p l e s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 4-27. T h es l u d g e s a m p l e s S001 and S004 in the backwater area around the s l o u g h s ou th ofU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 e x h i b i t e d t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l s o f T O E , T O X a n d TOO. A h i g h l e v e lo f c o n t a m i n a t i o n in S001 and S004 uas e x p e c t e d , b e cause the m a j o r p o r t i o n o fthe se s a m p l e s was d r i e d or semi-dried s l u d g e r e s i d u e . C o n t a m i n a n t s in S001were t h e uost c o n c e n t r a t e d , w i t h l e v e l s o f T O E a t 337,000 p p m ( 3 3 . 7 p e r c e n t ) ,TOX at 330 p p m , and TOC at 45 g / k g (4.5 p e r c e n t ) . S001 and S004 c o n t a i n e d P C B eat l e v e l s of 209 and 237 p p m , r e s p e c t i v e l y . S001 and S004 a l s o e x h i b i t e ds i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s o f G C / M S b a s e / n e u t r a l s , some o f wh i ch were n a p h t h a l e n e(480 p p m f o r S 0 0 4 ) , a n d p h e n a n t h r e n e (360 p p m f o r S 0 0 4 ) . $004 c o n t a i n e d l e v e l sof a c e n a p h t h e n e , an thracene , chrysene and f l u o r e n e none of which ware f o u n d inSO01.

The aoil s a m p l e £005, taken in A p r i l 1983 north o f U.S. H i g h w a y 90 , e x h i b i t e dt h e l owe s t T O X ( 1 7 . 2 p p m ) a n d t h e l o w e s t T O E ( 4 2 1 p p r a ) o f a l l t h e o o i l s a m p l e s .S005 a n d S003 ( t a k e n east o f t h e main p i t ) c o n t a i n e d 0.10 p p m a n d 0.22 p p md i i - M - o c t y l - p h t h a l e t e , r e s p e c t i v e l y . S a m p l e S 0 0 7 , taken n o r t h o f U . S .

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C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o f s o i l s f r o m west e n d o f F r e n c hL i m i t e d s i t e , near s l o u g h south o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 .C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o t s o i l s s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p Road i nsouth swampy dra inageway west o f Old H a r r i s C o u n t yL a n d f i l l .C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o f s o i l s along east s i t e boundary.S l u d g e a n d s o i l s abov«: s l o u g h w a t e r l i n e s ou th o f U . S .H i g h w a y 90.C o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o f s o i l s north o f U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 i nmarshy area f l o o d e d by p a a t h igh w a t e r s .

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l H i g h w a y 9 0 i n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 3 , c o n t a i n e d 0.014 p p m P C B - 1 2 6 0 , 2 . 2 p p t nb i s ( 2 ~ e t h y l h e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e , a n d 5 . 6 p p m d i - N ~ o c t y l p h t h a l a t e .

S a m p l e 5002 taken south o f G u l f Pump Road in A p r i l 1983 was observed to haveTOX of 140 ppm and TOE of 1,230 p p m , which was d o u b l e t h a t o f s a m p l e S003.S a m p l e S009 taken f r o m the same v i c i n i t y in November had a TOX of 2,7 ppm and aT O E o f 6 0 2 p p m . W h i l e s a m p l e S002 w a s n o t a n a l y z e d f o r G C / M S b a s e / n e u t r a l s ,S009 showed b i a ( 2 - e t h y l h e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e ( 2 5 p p m ) a n d d i - N - o c t y l p h t h a l a t e( 1 8 p p m ) i n t h e b a s e / n e u t r a l f r a c t i o n .

S a m p l e S008 w a s c o l l e c t e d f u r t h e r c o u t h o f S 0 0 9 , a n d e x h i b i t e d 0.15 p p mP C B - 1 2 6 0 , 18.3 p p m T O C , 2 . 3 p p m T O X , a n d 1 , 6 3 0 p p m T O E .

S a m p l e s S 0 1 0 a n d S O U , c o l l e c t e d f r o m d r a i n a g e s w a l e s i n t h e R i v e r d a l eS u b d i v i s i o n , c o n t a i n e d trace s o f P C B - 1 2 6 0 (0.008 p p m a n d 0,017 p p m ,r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . S 0 1 0 a l s o c on ta ined « t rac e o f PCB-1016 (0.003 p p m ) . S a m p l eSOU con ta ined 11.5 ppm TOG and 13,100 ppm TOE.

O00CM•c—OO

4.7.3 A s s e s s m e n tS o i l s a m p l e s S 0 0 1 a n d S004 e x h i b i t e d t h e h i g h e s t T O X l e v e l s o f a n y o f t h e areas a m p l e s (330 a n d 2 5 6 p p m , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . T h e s e s a m p l e s ( p r i m a r i l y d r i e ds l u d g e ) a r c f r o m t h e zone o f heavy s l u d g e d e p o s i t s r e p o r t e d e a r l i e r b e t w e e nU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 j t n d t h e main p i t ( N a d e a u , 1 9 8 1 ; A p p e n d i x P ) . T h e s e same t w os a m p l e s a l s o e x h i b i t e d t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l s o f G C / M S b a s e / n e u t r a l c o m p o u n d s , a ew e l l a s b e i n g t h e s o i l s a m p l e s e x h i b i t i n g t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l s o f P C B s ( 2 0 9 a n d2 3 7 p p m , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . P C B s m a y n o t b e u n i f o r m l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h e s l o u g harea since s ed imen t s a m p l e s ( S E 0 5 , S E Q 6 and S E 0 7 ) d id no t show any P C B s , w h i l es e d i m e n t s a m p l e s S E 1 1 , S E 1 2 , S E 1 3 , a n d S E 1 4 i n d i c a t e d P C B c o n c e n t r a t i o n s u p t o24 p p m . It s h o u l d be noted t ha t the h i g h e s t PCB c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o u n d in the•lough s e d i m e n t s , 24 p p o , was f o u n d in SE12 l o c a t e d very near aoi l s a m p l e S001T h e area f r o m which t h e s e s a m p l e s were t a k e n , t h e w e s t e r n m o s t p o r t i o n o f t h es l o u g h , was near or in the " f l o a t i n g marsh" m e n t i o n e d in an E n v i r o n m e n t a lP r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y Memo o f M a r c h 4 , 1980 ( s e e A p p e n d i x 0 ) . T h i s marsh area w a sl i t t e r e d w i t h f l o a t i n g a n d w i n d b l o w n s l u d g e d e p o s i t s h i g h l y c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t hb o t h o i l a n d g r e a s e a n d P C B s . A l t h o u g h t h i s area o f t h e s i t e w a s t h e f o c u s o f

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a 1982 r e m o v a l a c t i o n , i t a p p e a r s t h a t i s o l a t e d h o t s p o t s o f P C S c o n t a m i n a t e d• o i l a and s e d i m e n t s remain.

TOX l e v e l s in the N o v e m b e r 1983 so i l s a m p l e s are much lower than l e v e l s f o u n di n A p r i l 1983. T O G a n d T O E were a l s o s omewhat l o w e r i n N o v e m b e r b u t n o ts i g n i f i c a n t l y l ower . S a m p l e s S002 ( t a k e n i n A p r i l ) a n d S009 ( N o v e m b e r ) h a d T O Xl e v e l s o f 1 4 0 p p m a n d 2 . 7 p p i a , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n d b o t h s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e dw i t h i n 1 0 0 f e e t o f each o t h e r f r o m t h e a w a m p y area s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p R o a d . N oe x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h i s d i f f e r e n c e c a n b e f o u n d i n t h e s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e o r l a ba n a l y t i c a l m e t h o d .

Recen t f l o o d e v e n t s have t r a n s p o r t e d a l u d g e r e s i d u e s o u t o f t h e F r e n c K L i m i t e daain p i t . I n s p e c t i o n o f t h e area a f t e r t h e M a y 1983 f l o o d r e v e a l e ds l u d g e r e s i d u e s d e p o s i t e d o n tr e e l e a v e s a n d l i m b s a o u t h o f G u l f P u m p R o a d .T h e r e s u l t s f r o m t h e c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s o f s o i l s a m p l e s S007 t h r o u g h S o i li n d i c a t e s t h a t s o i l s away f r o m th e s i t e area do no t a p p e a r t o have beene x t e n s i v e l y c o n t a m i n a t e d b y p a s t f l o o d events . S o i l s a m p l e s S007 t h r o u g h S O Uw h i l e e x h i b i t i n g s l i g h t l y e l e v a t e d T O E c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( 6 0 2 t o 13,100 p p m ) , d i dnot i n d i c a t e a l a r m i n g c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f TOX (0.84 to 2 .7 p p m ) , P C B s (0.008 to0.15 p p m ) , o r C C / H S base n e u t r a l s .

00CMv—oo

S o i l s a m p l e S 0 0 2 w a s t a k e n i n A p r i l 1983 i n t h e m a r s h y area s o u t h o f t h e mainp i t . some 4 0 0 f e e t a l o n g t h e f l o o d p a t h w a y d o w n s t r e a m f r o m t h e main p i t . T h el e v e l s o f T O X (140 p p o ) a n d T O E ( 1 , 2 3 0 p p m ) s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t t h a t p a s t f l o o dev en t s ( 1 9 6 9 , 1 9 7 3 , a n d 1 9 7 9 ) have c a r r i e d o i l y d e p o s i t s s o u t h w a r d a c ro s s t h ea i t e b o u n d a r i e s . N o G C / M S a n a l y s i s w a s r u n o n t h i s s a m p l e . S a m p l e S o Q 9 w a st a k e n near SO02 i n N o v e m b e r 1983, a n d a n a l y s e d f o r a l l G C / M S f r a c t i o n s .S009 w a s f r e e o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n e x c e p t f o r b i s ( 2 - e t h y l h e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e ( 2 5 p p r a )a n d d i - N - o c t y l p h t h a l a t e ( 1 8 p p m ) . S009 w a s n o t a n a l y z e d f o r P C B s , b u t S 0 0 8f u r t h e r aouth contained 0.15 ppra o f PCB-1260. The r e s u l t s o f the ch emi ca la n a l y s i s o f a o i l s a m p l e s S002 e n d S008 i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h s e d i m e n tS E 2 4 and S E 2 9 (se e S e c t i o n 4 .6.3) i n d i c a t e t ha t c o n t a m i n a t i o n i st r a n s p o r t e d f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e t o w a r d s t h e S a n J a c i n t o River t o t h es o u t h . H o w e v e r , t h e l e v e l o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n seen i s no t s u f f i c i e n t t o s u g g e s ta n o n - g o i n g s u r f a c e m i g r a t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n .

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S o i l s a m p l e S003 e x h i b i t e d 6 0 p p r a T O X , 6 4 6 p p m T O G , a n d 0.22 p p r a d i - N - o c t y l -p h t h a l a t e . S i n c e t h i a s a m p l e , taken f r o m t h e l o w l y i n g area n o r t h e a s t o f t h ea n i n p i t , d i d n o t show o th er o r g a n i c c o n t a m i n a n t s f o u n d i n t h e m a i n p i t s l u d g e s ,t b i a c o n t a m i n a t i o n m a y n o t b e d u e t o t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

S o i l s a m p l e £005 , t a k e n n o r t h o f t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e near t h e " f i s h i n ghole" b e n e a t h t h e b r i d g e c o n t a i n e d t h e l o w e s t l e v e l s o f T O X ( 1 7 . 2 p p r a ) a n d T O E( 4 2 1 p p m ) o f a n y o f t h e s o i l s i t e s s a m p l e d i n A p r i l 1983. D i - N - o c t y l p h t h a l a t ev a s a l s o »een a t t h i s a i t e a t 0.10 p p m . C o n t a m i n a n t t r a n s p o r t n o r t h w a r d f r o mt h e main p i t t h r o u g h U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e n a y have o c c u r r e d . H o w e v e r , t h eA b s e n c e o f o t h e r c o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h i s s a m p l e r a i s e s d o u b t t h a t t h i sc o n t a m i n a t i o n o r i g i n a t e d f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

S o i l s a m p l e S007 taken f a r t h e r west f r o m S 0 0 5 , i n d i c a t e s t h e same t y p e o fc o n t a m i n a t i o n a s S 0 0 5 , p r i m a r i l y l o w p p t a l e v e l s o f t w o p h t h a l a t e s . S007 d i d ,however , have a t r a c e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f P C B e . T h i s c o u l d have o r i g i n a t e d a te i t h e r t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d o r S i k e s D i s p o s a l P i t s s i t e , e x i s t i n g e v i d e n c e i si n s u f f i c i e n t f o r « c o n c l u s i o n .

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T h e s o i l s a n d s e d i m e n t s s a m p l i n g a n d a n a l y s i s s u g g e s t s t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l so f c o n t a m i n a n t s * r e n o t b e i n g t r a n s p o r t e d o f f - s i t e b y f l o o d i n g o r o t h e ra e c h a n i s m a . C o n t a m i n a t i o n l e v e l s i n t h e area s o i l s a n d s e d i m e n t s i n d i c a t e t h a tBOOH? t r a n s p o r t of c o n t a m i n a n t s may have occurred at some p a s t t i m e , but t h e s et r a n s p o r t mechani sms do not a p p e a r Co be a c t i v e now.

4 . 8 F I S H T I S S U E4.8.1 S a m p l e S i t e S e l e c t i o n R a t i o n a l eF i v e c o m p o s i t e s a m p l e s o f f i s h t i s s u e were t a k e n f r o m t h e f i s h i n g h o l e ( B I 0 1 ,B I 0 2 , B I 0 3 , F T 0 4 , F T 0 5 ) b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e a n d a n a l y s e d t od e t e r m i n e i f m e t a l e a n d P C B s were a c c u m u l a t i n g i n a q u a t i c o r g a n i s m s . I na d d i t i o n , t w o s a m p l e s were t a k e n f r o m t h e l ake a o u t h o f G u l f Pump Road ( F T 0 6 ,F T 0 7 ) , a n d t w o s a m p l e s were t a k e n f r o m t h e l a k e i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n( F T 0 8 , F T 0 9 ) ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 2 8 ) . T h r e e e a r a p l e o were c o l l e c t e d u s i n g e l e c t r o f i s h *i n g e q u i p m e n t i n A p r i l 1983, f i n d s i x more s a m p l e s were t a k e n i n N o v e m b e r 1983.T h e l o c a t i o n s o f t h e s e s i t e s a r e shown i n F i g u r e 4-21. I n d i v i d u a l f i s h t i s s u ee a z n p l e s were c o m p o s i t e s o f a m i n i m u m o f t w o s p e c i m e n s o f a s i n g l e s p e c i e f l .

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A d d i t i o n a l f i s h s p e c i m e n s b e n e a t h U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0b r i d g e a n a l y z e d f o r b i o a c c u m u l a t i o n .F i s h s p e c i m e n s i n s o u t h p i t a n a l y z e d f o rb i o a c c u m u l a t i o n .F i s h s p e c i m e n s i n pond o n s o u t h w e s t corner o f G u l fP u s i p Road a n d M a p l e D r i v e , a n a l y z e d f o rb i o a c c u m u l a t i o n *

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4.8 ,2 C h e m i c a l R e s u l t *T h e f i s * a m p l e s B I O l , B102 a n d B I 0 3 c o l l e c t e d i n A p r i l 1983 a l l e x h i b i t e deercur o n c e n t r a t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o m 8 0 t o 1 7 0 p p b ( s e e T a b l e 4 - 2 9 ) . M e r c u r yl e v e i B w e t e b e l o w d e t e c t i o n l i m i t i n a l l s a m p l e s t a k e n i n N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 3 . T h et i s s u e s a m p l e s a l s o c o n t a i n e d p o l y c h l o r i n a t a d b i p h e n y l s ( P C B ) l e v e l s r a n g i n gf r o m 1 8 t o 3 9 2 p p b . T h e s e t i s s u e s w o u l d b e t h o s e f i s h p o r t i o n s c o n s u m e d b yhumans a n d t h u s w o u l d r e p r e s e n t a d i r e c t c o m p o n e n t i n t h e human d i e t . T h e F o o da n d Drug A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ( F D A ) c u r r e n t l y h a s a l i m i t o f 5,000 p p b f o r P C B s a n d5 0 0 p p b f o r a e r c u r y i n f i s h t i s s u e s c on sumed b y man. T h e F D A l i m i t f o r P C B sw i l l b e r e d u c e d t o 2,000 p p b i n l a t e 1984, b u t t h i s c h a n g e d o e s n o t e f f e c t t h ec o n c l u s i o n s i n t h i s r e p o r t .

4.8.3 A s s e s s m e n tT h e l e v e l s o f P C B s a n d a e r c u r y i n f i s h near t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e c l e a r l y d on o t e x c e ed t h e F D A c r i t e r i a f o r human h e a l t h p r o t e c t i o n . S i n c e t h e l e v e l s o fP C B e o b s e r v e d i n t h e aecond a e t o f f i e l d s a m p l e s a r e a l l l e s s t h a n 3 9 3 p p b ,P C B s i n f i s h t i s s u e d o n o t a p p e a r t o p r e s e n t a s i g n i f i c a n t t h r e a t t o humanh e a l t h a t t h i s t i m e .

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4 . 9 T E R R E S T R I A L E C O L O G YT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e c o n s i s t s o f a f e n c e d lagoon w i t h s t e e p l y c u t bank s .N o r t h and n o r t h e a s t o f the l a g o o n , s e p a r a t e d by o n l y 5 to 10 f e e t in some• p o t s , a r e borrow p i t s wh i ch a r e f i l l e d w i t h w a t e r . T h e e e borrow p i t s havebeen i n v a d e d by v e g e t a t i o n , and th<* v e g e t a t i o n in t h e s e s i t e s c o u l d b e c o m p a r e dw i t h p l a n t s g r o w i n g o n a n d i n t h e c o n t a m i n a t e d l a g o o n .

W i l l o w , r e d m a p l e , gre en a s h , a n d e m e r g e n t h e r b a c e o u s p l a n t s e x i s t o n t h e e d g eo f t h e borrow p i t s . Duckweed e n d a l g a e cover t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e w a t e r , a n df r o g s end t u r t l e s ar e a b u n d a n t . T u r t l e s and s n a k e s vere observed in th e mainpi t and a l o n g i t* b a n k s . The d o m i n a n t p l a n t on the banks was s eaban , il e g u m i n o u s shrub common t o d i s t u r b e d w e t A r e a s o f H a r r i s C o u n t y . T h e p l a n t s o nth e banks showed a h i g h i n c i d e n c e o f d ead b r a n c h e s , a l t h o u g h s e sban g r o w i n g innearby d i a t u r b e d areas away f r o m t h e l a g o o n were h e a l t h y a n d f u l l y l e a f e d ou t .In some areas o f the l a g o o n , c a t t a i l a and s edg e s grew in the s h a l l o w w a t e r ,however , l e a f d e a t h o n t h e s e p l a n t s w a s h i g h a n d t h e y were i n poor h e a l t h .

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I f t h e w a t e r were t o r e m a i n w i t h i n t h e b a n k s o f t h e l a g o o n i t s i m p a c t o n t h et e r r e s t r i a l s y s t e m would not be s i g n i f i c a n t b e cause the area o f h a b i t a t l o s s i• m a l l . H o w e v e r , t h er e i a p o t e n t i a l f o r f l o o d water s t o o v e r f l o w t h e s i t e i n t ot h e n e a r b y borrow p i t a a n d acroaa t h e a d j a c e n t l a n d s , w h i c h a r e usede x t e n s i v e l y b y w i l d l i f e . River f l o o d i n g c a n a l a o carry c o n t a m i n a n t s f r o m t h el a g o o n to o t h e r a r e a s where th«y nay be t o x i c t o w i l d l i f e and humans whoconsume t h e w i l d l i f e .

r-ooA . 1 0 S A F E T YA a i t e s a f e t y p l a n was d e v e l o p e d t o p r o v i d e f or p r o t e c t i o n o f p e r s o n n e l and th e CMn e i g h b o r i n g e n v i r o n m e n t * T h e S i t e S a f e t y O f f i c e r w a a c h a r g e d w i t h "*""i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e S a f e t y P l a n . O

O4.10.1 W e l l D r i l l i n g O p e r a t i o n sS o i l b o r i n g a n d w e l l d r i l l i n g w a s a n i m p o r t a n t phase i n t h e s i t e i n v e s t i g a t i o n .T h e work h a d i n h e r e n t r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e n c o u n t e r i n gh i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f gases o r vapor s . D r i l l i n g p e r s o n n e l p a r t i c i p a t e d i ne x t e n s i v e p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n p r i o r t o i n i t i a t i n g work and wore p r o t e c t i v ec l o t h i n g c o n s i s t i n g o f d i s p o s a b l e c o v e r a l l s , n eoprene b o o t s , r e i n f o r c e d c o t t o ng l o v e s w i t h l i q u i d - p r o o f i n s e r t s , a n d hard ha t s . T h e S a f e t y O f f i c e r w a sp r e s e n t a t a l l b o r i n g s a n d d r i l l i n g s U > m o n i t o r t h e b r e a t h i n g eones o f t h ed r i l l crews. A l l b r e a t h i n g zone measurement s were made w i t h a H N U t I n c .K o d e l 1 0 1 p h o t o i o i t i x a t i o n d e t e c t o r ( F I D ) a n d v#re be low 1 p p m . H a l f - f a c eorganic v a p o r r e s p i r a t o r s were a v a i l a b l e bu t c o n d i t i o n s d id no t warrant t h e i ruse. T h e r e were no e x p o s u r e - r e l a t e d or p h y s i c a l i n j u r y p r c M a m s t h r o u g h o u t thed u r a t i o n o f b o t h d r i l l i n g p r o g r a m s .

4.10.2 B a t h y m e t r y , S u b - B o t t o m P r o f i l i n g , a n d Open W a t e r S a m p l e C o l l e c t i o nS s a l l b o a t s were used t o c o l l e c t 0 a i a p l e s f r o m t h e main p i t a n d o t h e r b o d i e s o fwat er a t the a i t e . I n i t i a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f A m b i e n t organic c o n c e n t r a t i o n s inthe air on the l a g o o n i n d i c a t e d a c o n c e n t r a t i o n of A b o u t 1 ppra . It V&B d e c i d e dt h a t al l boat work on the l a g o o n would require organic vapor r e s p i r a t o r o .W o r k e r s a l s o wore d i s p o s a b l e c o v e r a l l s , neoprene h o o t s , i m p e r v i o u s g l o v e s , andp a r t i c i p a t e d i n p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s . T h e i n v e s t i g a t i v e work o n t h e mainwas te p i t w a s c o m p l e t e d w i t h o u t i n c i d e n t .

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4.10.3 y e l l D e v e l o p m e n t a n d S a m p l i n gT h i s p a r t o f t h e s i t e i n v e s t i g a t i o n w a s a g a i n a c c o m p l i s h e d b y worker s w h o h a du n d e r g o n e p h y s i c a l exams. P r o t e c t i o n o f t h e w o r k e r s f r o m c o n t a c t w i t h t h ed e v e l o p m e n t w a t e r w a s p a r a m o u n t , a n d t h e u s e o f c o v e r a l l s , b o o t s , a n d g l o v e sw a s a g a i n e m p l o y e d . C o n s t a n t a i r m o n i t o r i n g w a s n e c e s s a r y d u r i n g w e l l s a m p l i n gt o i n s u r e c o n t a m i n a n t - f r e e b r e a t h i n g . A f e w w e l l s r e q u i r e d t h e u s e o f o r g a n i cvapor r e s p i r a t o r s when a m b i e n t l e v e l s a p p r o a c h e d 1 p p n . A l l work w a s c o m p l e t e di n a s a f e manner w i t h n o i n c i d e n t s . E n v i r o n m e n t a l s a m p l i n g i n area s r e m o t e t oth e aain l a g o o n ( o u t s i d e th e "ho t sone") was a c c o m p l i s h e d in normal workc l o t h e s w i t h t h e u s e o f i m p e r v i o u s g l o v e s .

4.10.4 S u m m a r yA i r m o n i t o r i n g d u r i n g a l l work a c t i v i t i e s r a r e l y p r o d u c e d r e a d i n g s i n e x c e s s o f0 .5 ppm. S t e a d y c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f 1 p p r a o r more were used t o t r i g g e r r e s p i r a -t o r use. P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t chosen w a s j u d g e d t o b e a d e q u a t e . A l ln e d i c i l p r o b l e m s were o f minor s i g n i f i c a n c e and ranged f r o a s m a l l c u t s t o minorheat s t r e s s . T h e s e c o n d i t i o n s were e a s i l y h a n d l e d o n s i t e b y t h e S a f e t yO f f i c e r and F i e l d T e a m L e a d e r . The p u b l i c d id no t in t ervene in such a manneras t o cause s a f e t y p r o b l e m s , and i n d i v i d u a l s encountered m e r e l y wanted t os a t i s f y t h e i r c u r i o s i t y about the s i t e work. Emergency measures such ase v a c u a t i o n , p o l i c e c a l l s , o r h o s p i t a l c a l l s were n o t nece s sary t h r o u g h o u t t h ep r o j e c t d u r a t i o n . D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s u t i l i z e d water and d e t e r g e n t ord e g r e a s e r t o remove v i s i b l e s o i l i n g , p r o v i d i n g c o n f i d e n c e tha t c o n t a m i n a t i o nva s no t carried o f f s i t e .

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5 ' ° S I T E A S S E S S M E N T5 . 1 M I G R A T I O N P A T T E R N S5 . 1 . 1 C o n t a m i n a t i o n C h a r a c t e r i s t i c sS l u d g e i i n t h « main p i t a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e c o n t a i n s u b s t a n t i a l l e v e l so f v o l a t i l e h a l o g e n a t e d o r g a n i c * , v o l a t i l e a r o m a t i c o r g a n i c s , p o l y n u c l e a ra r o m a t i c h y d r o c a r b o n s , n a p h t h a l e n e s , p h t h a l a t e a , p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b i p h e n y l a , a n dp h e n o l i c s . A summary of the p eak c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s i s shown inT a b l e 5-1. T h e h i g h l e v e l s o f some o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s have u n d o u b t e d l y maskedo t h e r s i m i l a r c o m p o u n d s f r o m d e t e c t i o n d u r i n g t h i s survey. N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h ec o m p o u n d s in T a b l e 5-1 p r o v i d e a s t r o n g i n d i c a t i o n as to the w a s t e c o m p o s i t i o na t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . S a m p l e s f r o m th e environment around th e s i t e canbe used t o t rac e th e movement o f t h e s e c o m p o u n d s t h r o u g h s u r f a c e w a t e r , groundwat e r and o t h e r ^ a t h w a y s ,

5.1 .2 S u r f a c e M i g r a t i o nT h e s l u d g e s a n d l i q u i d s d u m p e d i n t o t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d main p i t b e t w e e n 1966and 1972 have served as the c h i e f source of e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n t a m i n a t i o n in thes i t e v i c i n i t y . T h e s u s p e n d e d s o l i d s i n t h e l i q u i d s u n d o u b t e d l y s e t t l e d t o t h eb o t t o m o f t h e p i t , a n d t h e l i m e t h a t F r e n c h L i m i t e d a d d e d t o t h e p i t i n t h ee a r l y 1970s t o n e u t r a l i z e t h e l i q u i d s changed t h e s u r f a c e wa t er c h e m i s t r y . T h eS a n J a c i n t o River f l o o d o o f 1969 a n d 1973 e x e r t e d s i g n i f i c a n t e n v i r o n m e n t a lf o r c e s upon t h e l i q u i d s a n d s l u d g e s i n t h e main p i t . T h e f l o o d w a t e r s d i l u t e dt h e l i q u i d s in th e main p i t and f l u s h e d s u b s t a n t i a l p o r t i o n s o f th e w e t e r b o r n ec o n t a m i n a n t s ou t o f the p i t . T r a c e s o f t h e s e c o n t a m i n a n t s can be f o u n d t o d a yi n t h e d o w n s t r e a m d i r e c t i o n f r o m t h e p i t ( s e e F i g u r e 5 - 1 ) . S e d i m e n t s ( a t S E 2 4a n d S E 2 9 ) d o w n s t r e a m a l o n g t h i s f l o o d p a t h w a y show t rac e s o f P C B - 1 2 6 0 a n de l e v a t e d l e v e l s o f T O E . T h e R i c k e t t Lake s e d i m e n t ( S E 2 9 ) f a r t h e s t d o w n s t r e a mshowed lower c o n c e n t r a t i o n s than the s i t e s c l o s e r t o the laain p i t . Based upono b s e r v a t i o n s d u r i n g t h e f l o o d o f M a y 1983, t h e p a s s a g e o f t h e s e f l o o d w a t e r s d i dnot a p p e a r to s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i s t u r b or erode the s l u d g e s in the b o t t o m of theaain p i t .

COCMr~oo

T h e f l o o d o f A p r i l 1979 p l a y e d & k e y ro l e i n d i s p e r s i n g s l u d g e s o u t o f t h e mainp i t . T h i s f l o o d br eached t h e nor th berm o f t h e p i t near t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0

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T a b l e 5-1. P e a k C o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n M a i n P i t S l u d g e sF r e n c h L i m i t e d S i t e

V o l a t i l e H a l o g e n a t e d , „ O r g a n i s e sC h l o r o f o r m 2 3 0 p p m1 , l - D i c h l o r o e t h « n e 1 5 0 p p r a1 ( 2 - D i c h l o r o « t h a n e 348 p p i nT - 1 , 2 - D i c h l o r o e t h e n e 200 ppaH e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e 1 7 0 p p mT e t r a c h l o r o e t h e n e 1 2 0 p p m1 , 1 , 1 - T r i c h l o r o e t h a n e 5 5 p p mT r i c h l o r o e t h e n e 4 8 p p mV i n y l c h l o r i d e 6 9 p p mV o l a t i l e A r o m a t i c O r g a n i ^ aBenzeneE t h y l b e n z e n eT o l u e n e

2 7 0 p p m87 ppm

170 ppmP q l y c h l o r i n a t e d B i p h e n y l sT o t a l P C B s 5 0 7 p p mP h e n o l i c sP h e n o lP e n t a c h l o r o p h e n o l2 , 4 - D i r a e t h y l p h e n o l

170 ppm740 ppm

83 ppm

P o l y n u c l e a r A r o m a t i c H y d r o c a r b o n sP h e n a n t h r e n e 8300 p p mA n t h r a c e n e 2200 p p mF l u o r a n t h e n e 3000 p p mPyrene 2500 p p r aF l u o r e n e 5400 p p r aC h r y a e n e 7 9 0 p p aB e n z o ( A ) a r i t h r « c e n e 7 4 0 p p mB e n z o ( B ) f l u o r a n 7 0 0 p p r aB e n z o ( A ) p y r e n e 4 5 0 p p mI d e n o C 1 » 2 , 3 - C D ) p y r e n e 1 1 0 p p r aB e n z o ( g h i ) p e r y l e n e 7 4 p p mA c e n a p h t h y l e n e 2000 p p r aN a p h t h a l e n e sN a p h t h a l e n e 8700 p p mA c e n a p h t h e n e 4100 p p mP h t h a l a t c gB i a ( 2 - e t h y l h e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e 4 5 p p r aD i - N - o c t y l - p h t h a l a t e 1 6 p p m

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b r i d g e which a l l o w e d s l u d g e * Co move in to the a l o u g h b e twe en the main pi t andt h e h i g h w a y ( s e e T D W R Memo, Voveraber 2 8 , 1 9 7 9 , A p p e n d i x M ) . W h i t e E P A h a ss ince removed t h e f l o a t i n g s l u d g e d f r o m t h e s l o u g h , i n t e r m i t t e n t p a t c h e s o fd r i e d or p a r t i a l l y dr i ed s l u d g e s are ev id en t a l o n g the banks o f the s l o u g h , andt h e s e d i m e n t s i n t h e a l o u g h s t i l l e x h i b i t s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h i sc o n t a m i n a t i o n h a s a l s o p a s s e d nor thward b e n e a t h t h e U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e a n dis now f o u n d in the s l o u g h a l o n g the nor th a id e of the road. Low l e v e l s ofP C B s , n a p h t h a l e n e , p h t h a l a t e s , and p o l y n u c l e a r a r o r a a t i c s are f o u n d in the»lough nor th o f the h ighway. H o w e v e r , t h i s c o n t a m i n a t i o n north o f the h i g h w a yis not p r e s e n t at s i g n i f i c a n t l e v e l s , and does not pose a h e a l t h hazard to the*re« p o p u l a c e (see C e n t e r s f or Di s ea s e C o n t r o l Memo, M a r c h 23 , 1984,A p p e n d i x Q ) .

S i m i l a r l y , t r a c e l e v e l s o f P C B s , p o l y n u c l e a r a r o m a t i c s , a n d p h t h a l a t e s a r ef o u n d i n t h e s o i l s , a n d s e d i m e n t s s ou th o f t h e s i t e ( s o u t h o f G u l f Pump R o a d ) ,H o w e v e r , the c o n t a m i n a t i o n was not f o u n d at l e v e l s which m i g h t pose a h e a l t hhazard t o th e urea p o p u l a c e ( s e e C e n t e r s f or Disea s e C o n t r o l Memo, M a r c h 23 ,1984, A p p e n d i x Q ) .

5.1-3 C o n t a m i n a n t C r o u n d w a t e r M i g r a t i o nT h e e x i s t i n g h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t s , t h e c a l c u l a t e d p e r m e a b i l i t i e s i n t h e a l l u v i u m«nd the r e s u l t of the groundwat er chemical a n a l y s i s w«re used to d e t e r m i n e theex t en t o f t h e contaminant p lume o r i g i n a t i n g f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d p i t . T h es p e c i f i c d a t a used in c a l c u l a t i n g the ex tent of the p l u m e i s as f o l l o w s :

1. T i m e span of 18 years (1966 to 1 9 8 4 ) ;2. G r o u n d w a t e r and l a k e e l e v a t i o n s on December 7, 1983; and3 . A h o r i z o n t a l p e r m e a b i l i t y o f 3xlO~* e r a / s e c i n t h e U p p e r A q u i f e r

( A l l u v i u m ) .

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F i g u r e 5-2 shows tha t the extent of the p l u m e to the n o r t h , east and vest i&l i k e l y to be l e s s than 200 f e e t ; however, to the south the f r o n t of the p l u m ei* e s t i m a t e d to be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1.000 f e e t f r o m the pit and advancing about37 f e e t per year. The p r o j e c t e d p a t h d i r e c t i o n o f the p l u m e i s a l s o shown onF i g u r e 5-2. Afl t h e p l u m e e x t e n d s toward th e s o u t h , i t w i l l b e c o n f i n e d t o t h ea l l u v i u m b y t h e P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s ( c l a y s ) c o m p r i s i n g t h e east v a l l e y w a l l

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F i g u r e 5-2C O N T A M IM I G R A T I O N PROM M A I N W A S T E P I T F R E N C H L I M I T E D S I T E

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Pr»p»r»d (or:T E X A S D E P A R T M E N T O F W A T E RR E S O U R C E S

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137and i t w i l l be c o m p r e s s e d i n t o a narrower band by the h i g h e r g r o u n d w a t e rg r a d i e n t s i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n , I n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 8 y e a r s t h e f r o n t o ft h e p l u o e w i l l have a d v a n c e d t o t h e a o u t h e m s e c t i o n o f t h e o l d H a r r i s C o u n t yl a n d f i l l a n d t h e marsh d i r e c t l y t o t h e s o u t h . Beyond t h i a a r e a , t h e r e a r e n om o n i t o r i n g w e l l s ao th e f l o w d i r e c t i o n ia no t known; however, i t i s l i k e l y t obe t o w a r d the r iver .

S i g n i f i c a n t c o n t a m i n a t i o n l e v e l s were f o u n d i n m o n i t o r i n g w e l l s s o u t h o f t h eF r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e near t h e o l d H a r r i s C o u n t y l a n d f i l l ( G W 1 9 , G W 2 0 , G W 2 1 , a n dG W 2 3 ) . T h e chemical a n a l y s i s o f g r o u n d w a t e r s a m p l e s f r o m th e s e w e l l s i n d i c a t et h e p o s s i b i l i t y tha t both t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a n d t h e l a n d f i l l a r ec o n t r i b u t i n g to the area groundwater c o n t a m i n a t i o n . A l t h o u g h the ex t en t ands p e c i f i c n a t u r e o f t h e l a n d f i l l ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o g r o u n d w a t e r p o l l u t i o n i n t h earea was not w i t h i n the s c o p e of t h i a i n v e s t i g a t i o n , i t must be d e t e r m i n e db e f o r e t h e i m p a c t o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e o n ground w a t e r s o u t h o f t h e s i t ecan b e d e f i n e d .

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V e r t i c a l m i g r a t i o n f r o m t h e U p p e r t o t h e L o w e r A q u i f e r i s e s t i m a t e d t o b ea p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 2 f e e t / y e a r . A t t h i s r a t e , t h e c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e i n t h ea l l u v i u m h a s p e n e t r a t e d t h e u n d e r l y i n g Beauraount c l a y o n l y a f e w f e e t a n d w o u l dt a k e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 375 year s t o m i g r a t e t h r o u g h 75 f e e t o f c l a y t o t ha LowerA q u i f e r . H o w e v e r , t h e a c t u a l v e r t i c a l m i g r a t i o n r a t e o f c e r t a i n d i l u t es y n t h e t i c o rgan i c s c o u l d be much g r e a t e r than t h i s . S e v e r a l re s earchers arei n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e e f f e c t s o f s y n t h e t i c o r g a n i c s o n na tura l c l a y s . Some s t u d i e shave i n d i c a t e d the ac tual m i g r a t i o n rates of s y n t h e t i c o r g a n i c s cou ld be asmuch as two order s of m a g n i t u d e h igher than water a lone .

5 . 2 W A S T E V O L U M E E S T I M A T E SThe t i l u d g e s in th e main p i t a p p e a r t o b e t h e p r i n c i p a l source o f c o n t a m i n a t i o na f f e c t i n g t h e env ironment A r o u n d t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . T h e s l u d g e s t h a thave been d u m p e d in the main p i t have covered the d e e p e s t p o r t i o n s o f the p i tand have become mixed w i t h the n a t i v e c a n d a , e i t h e r t h r o u g h s e e p a g e or p h y s i c a ls l u m p i n g o f t h e a i d e s o f t h e p i t . T h e a v a i l a b l e d a t a s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r e i sa p p r o x i m a t e l y 200,000 t o 300,000 cubic f e e t o f s l u d g e s and f r o m 500,000 t o1,000,000 cubic f e e t o f c o a t a r a i n a t e d sand s in th e main p i t . The b a C h y m e t r i c

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s t u d y i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e main p i t c o n t a i n s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 24.5 m i l l i o n g a l l o n so f w a t e r . S e e T a b l e 5 - 2 a n d S e c t i o n 4 . 4 f o r d e t a i l s .

T h e e s t i m a t e s o f s l u d g e s r e f l e c t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s i n A p r i l 1983, a n d d o n o taccount f o r t h e t o t a l amount o f s l u d g e s o r i g i n a l l y d u m p e d i n t o t h e p i t( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 5 m i l l i o n cub i c f e e t ) . M u c h o f t h e w a s t e w a s burned a s p a r to f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d o p e r a t i o n , a l s o some o f t h e f l o a t i n g w a s t e s were removeda n d d i s p o s e d o f i m m e d i a t e r e m o v a l s ( s e e A p p e n d i x 0 ) . T h e S a n J a c i n t o Rive t -f l o o d s o f 1 9 6 9 , 1973, a n d 1 9 7 9 e x er t ed s i g n i f i c a n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l f o r c e s u p o nt h e s l u d g e s , a n d t r a n s p o r t e d unknown q u a n t i t i e s o u t o f t h e p i t . Some p o r t i o no f t h e s l u d g e s w a s d e p o s i t e d nearby o u t s i d e t h e main p i t , w h i l e t h e r e m a i n d e rwer« c a r r i e d d o w n s t r e a m w i t h t h e f l o o d w a t e r s .

T h e l a r g e s t d e p o s i t s o f s l u d g e s o u t s i d e t h e m a i n p i t a r e i n t h e s l o u g h s ou th o fU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 , which c o n t a i n s a n e s t i m a t e d 140,000 cub i c f e e t o f s l u d g e s a n dh e a v i l y c o n t a m i n a t e d s e d i m e n t s a n d s o i l s ( s e e T a b l e 5 - 2 ) .

5 . 3 T A R G E T R E C E P T O R ST h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s i t e m a y po s e p o t e n t i a l r i s k s t o t h ef o l l o w i n g t y p e s o f t a r g e t r e c e p t o r s :

• S e n s i t i v e e c o s y s t e m s ,• N a t u r a l r e s ourc e s , and• L o c a l p o p u l a t i o n .

5.3.1 S e n s i t i v e E c o s y s t e m sAs p r e s e n t e d in the d i s c u s s i o n on E n v i r o n m e n t a l S e t t i n g and T e r r e s t r i a lE c o l o g y , S e c t i o n s 1 . 3 a n d 4.8, r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e v e g e t a t i o n , l a n d a n i m a l s , f o w lAnd f i s h l i f e in and around the F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e are common to the area. Nos e n s i t i v e h a b i t a t * or p r o t e c t e d or e n d a n g e r e d s p e c i e s were observed d u r i n g theu i t c survey or are known to e x i s t in t h i s area.

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o o - a i t e a n d o f f - s i t e a p p e a r e d t o s u s t a i n a h e a l t h y v e g e t a t i v e cover. T h e s eo b s e r v a t i o n s i n d i c a t e t h a t e f f e c t s o n t h e v e g e t a t i v e c o m m u n i t y a r e l i m i t e d o n l yt o d i r e c t c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n t a m i n a n t s i n t h e main w a s t e p i t a n d where s u r f a c ewater movement d u e t o f l o o d i n g h a s t r a n s p o r t e d t h e c o n t a m i n a n t s a l o n g aread r a i n a g e w a y s a n d f l o o d p l a i n a .

S u r f a c e m e c h a n i s m s such A S d e p o s i t i o n o f a i r b o r n e c o n t a m i n a n t s o r c o n t a c t w i t ha n y a irborne v a p o r s have h a d l i t t l e i f a n y i m p a c t o n t h e h e a l t h o f t h e p l a n tc o m m u n i t i e s in th e area. The p r e s e n c e o f s e v e r a l t y p e s o f a n i m a l t r a c k s ando b s e r v a t i o n o f s m a l l f i s h i n t h e s h a l l o w channe l c o n n e c t i n g t h e t w o p a r t s o ft h e main d i s p o s a l p i t t end t o i n d i c a t e l i m i t e d d i r e c t i m p a c t o n t h e i m m e d i a t et e r r e s t r i a l a n d a q u a t i c s y s t e m s . H o w e v e r , s i n c e P C B s were f o u n d i n f i s h t i s s u ec o l l e c t e d f r o m v a r i o u s p i t s a n d l a k e * , a t l e v e l s a s h i g h a s 3 9 2 p p b , t h e F r e n c hL i m i t e d s i t e i s p o t e n t i a l l y i m p a c t i n g t h e a q u a t i c c o m m u n i t y .

B e c a u s e o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s made d u r i n g t h e e c o l o g i c a l "walk-over" s u r v e y o fth e a i t e , t h e common n a t u r e o f t h e f l o r a and f a u n a in th e a r e a , and th e p r i m a r yo b j e c t i v e s o f t h e work p r o g r a m , l i m i t e d d a t a were c o l l e c t e d r e l a t i v e t o f u l l yd e f i n i n g t h e e x t e n t o f t h e i m p a c t s o n t h e a r e a ' s e c o s y s t e m . P r i m a r y e m p h a s i swas p l a c e d on d e f i n i t i o n o f t h« n a t u r e , e x t e n t , and d i r e c t i o n o f t h ec o n t a m i n a t i o n a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

5.3.2 N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e sS i t e r e c o n n a i s s a n c e d e f i n e d t h e n a t u r a l r e s ourc e s o f concern t o c o n s i s t m o s t l yo f f o r e u t e d ar ea s , s u r f a c e w a t e r c h a n n e l s , g r o u n d w a t e r a q u i f e r s , a n d m i n e a b l ee a n d .

W h i l e l a n d u s e i n H a r r i s C o u n t y i s d i v i d e d in t o c r o p l a n d , p a s t u r e a n d range( 4 0 p e r c e n t ) , f o r e s t e d ( 1 5 p e r c e n t ) , a n d t h e r e m a i n d e r urban, t h e i m m e d i a t eF r e n c h L i m i t e d a i t e a n d v i c i n i t y c o n s i s t s o f f o r e s t e d , i n d u s t r i a l , a n dr e s i d e n t i a l areas .

OO

T h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d a i t e i s l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e 100-year f l o o d p l a i n o f t h eS a n J a c i n t o River. S i n c e t h e a i t e s t a r t e d o p e r a t i o n s i n 1966, f o u r f l o o d s haveoccurred ( 1 9 6 9 , 1 9 7 3 , 1 9 7 9 , a n d 1 9 8 3 ) . T h e s e f l o o d s r e p r e s e n t i n t e n s e ,

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s h o r t - d u r a t i o n e v e n t s w h i c h i n u n d a t e t h e s i t e a n d e x e r t s i g n i f i c a n t n a t u r a lf o r c e s t o d i s p e r s e s u r f a c e c o n t a m i n a t i o n b eyond t h e a i t e b o u n d a r i e s . T h ef l o o d w a t e r s in 1979 s u c c e s s f u l l y eroded the i .orth b*rm o f the main p i t andc r e a t e d a p a t h w a y f o r s l u d g e a n d s e d i m e n t o u t f l o w i n t o t h e a d j a c e n t s w a m p .

S u r f a c e w a t e r s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e F r e n c h l i m i t e d a i t e a r e used f o rr e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s , p r i m a r i l y f i a h i n g . P C B s vere f o u n d b e t w e e n 1 8 a n d1 9 4 p p b i n f i s h f i l l e t s t a k e n f r o m t h e l o c a l " f i s h i n g ho l e" b e n e a t h t h eU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 b r i d g e i m m e d i a t e l y n o r t h o f t h e m a i n p i t a n d u p t o 3 9 2 p p b i nf i s h f r o m l a k e s s o u t h o f G u l f P u m p Road. S i n c e f i s h f r o a t h e " f i s h i n g ho l e"n o r t h o f t h e m a i n p i t d o n o t e x h i b i t P C B s h i g h e r t h a n f r o m t h e l a k e s s o u t h o fG u l f Pump R o a d , a c l e a r l i n k b e t w e e n P C B i n t h e e e f i s h a n d a l u t i g e a f r o a t h e p i tcannot b e e s t a b l i s h e d .

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C o n t a m i n a t i o n o f t h e s o i l s i n t h e s i t e area c o u l d p o s e & h a z a r d t o human h e a l t hi f a g r i c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e s e areas were- t o t a k e p l a c e i n t h e f u t u r e .U p t a k e o f c o n t a m i n a n t s b y v e g e t a t i o n d e s t i n e d f o r cons a m p t i o n b y c a t t l e o rhumans c o u l d r e s u l t . T h e c o m m e r c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f l a n d ar«aa p o t e n t i a l l ya f f e c t e d b y t h e s i t e a p p e a r s t o b e h i g h l y u n l i k e l y . A l a r g e p o r t i o n o f t h earea around t h e a i t e l i e s w i t h i n t h e 100-year f l o o d p l a i n o f t h e S a n J a c i n t oR i v e r a n d H a r r i s C o u n t y ( s e e F i g u r e 3 - 1 1 ) ( a n d t h e f e d e r a l government r e s t r i c t sb u i l d i n g a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i n f l o o d prone creas. I n a d d i t i o n t o b e i n g i n t h ef l o o d p l a i n t h e area i t r e l a t i v e l y f a r removed f r o m t h e M e t r o p o l i t a n H o u s t o narea a n d n o t r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e t o l a r g e work c e n t e r s . I m p r o v e m e n t s n e c e s s a r yt o r e m e d y t h e s i t u a t i o n d o n o t a p p e a r f e a s i b l e a t t h i s t i m e ; h o w e v e r ,c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e n e w U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 m a y change t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o u t l o o k a n dt h u o area l a n d use.

T h e r e ar e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 34 r e s i d e n c e s in th e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n and a n o t h e rseven r e s i d e n c e s a l o n g M a g n o l i a D r i v e ( w e s t o f R i v e r d a l e ) t h a t a r e w i t h i n4,000 f e e t o f the F r e n c h L i m i t e d aain p i t . Of t h e e e r e s i d e n c e s , 14 are knownt o draw wat er a u p p l i e s f r o a w e l l s l e s s t han 1 0 0 f e e t d e e p ( s e e A p p e n d i x H ) .T h e e e r e s i d e n c e s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 5-3. T h e c l o s e s t w e l l s t o t h e main p i ta r e a l o n g M a p l e D r i v e ( w i t h i n 8 0 0 f e e t o f t h e m a i n p i t ) . T h e source o fd o m e s t i c w a t e r f o r t h e o t h e r 2 7 h o u s e s i o e i t h e r d e e p w e l l s ( g r e a t e r t h a n1 0 0 f e e t d e e p ) t u n i d e n t i f i e d s h a l l o w v e i l s o r h a u l e d - i n w a t e r . T h e s e

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r e s i d e n c e s i r e a t s l i g h t l y h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n s ( a b o u t 2 0 f e e t above mean a e al e v e l ) t h a n t h e m a i n p i t , a n d t h e w a t e r t a b l e i n t h i s a t e a i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o ft h e s u b d i v i s i o n i s s l i g h t l y h i g h e r t h a n t h e s i t e v i c i n i t y . N e v e r t h e l e s s ,g r o u n d w a t e r b e n e a t h t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a p p e a r s t o b e m o v i n g s o u t h w a r d( e a s t o f R i v e r d a l e ) a n d w e s t w a r d ( n o r t h o f R i v e r d a l e ) . T h u s , i f t h e s h a l l o wg r o u n d w a t e r g r a d i e n t s t e m p o r a r i l y d i s a p p e a r o r s h i f t , t h e s e r e s i d e n c e s c o u l d b es u b j e c t e d t o s h a l l o w g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n , e i t h e r f r o m t h e e a s t o r f r o mt h e n o r t h . A s s u m i n g a l l r e s i d e n c e s a r e o c c u p i e d , a n d o c c u p a n c y a v e r a g e s t h r e ep e o p l e p e r h o u s e h o l d , t h e n a s many A S 1 2 3 p e o p l e c o u l d b e e x p o s e d t og r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .

OO

T h e h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n were f o u n d i n s h a l l o ww e l l s a l o n g t h e s o u t h a i d e o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d main p i t . I f t h e s l u d g e s i nt h e main p i t c a u s i n g t h i s c o n t a m i n a t i o n a r e l e f t i n a n u n c o n t r o l l e d s t a t e f o rl o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e ( i . e . d e c a d e s ) , s h a l l o w ground w a t e r s f u r t h e r removed f r o mt h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e w i l l become c o n t a m i n a t e d a t l e v e l s e x c e e d i n g t h ec u r r e n t human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a . T h e n a t u r e a n d t h i c k n e s s o f t h e c l a y l a y e ru n d e r l y i n g t h e s i t e makes c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f t h e l ower a q u i f e r s ( I S O f e e t a n dd e e p e r ) p o s s i b l e b u t h i g h l y u n l i k e l y . I f , h owever , c o n t a m i n a t i o n w a si n t r o d u c e d ( b y f a u l t i n g , d r i l l i n g , e t c . ) i n t o t h e Lower A q u i f e r a s i g n i f i c a n tnumber o f p e o p l e p o t e n t i a l l y c o u l d b e a f f e c t e d . F i v e m a j o r d r i n k i n g w a t e rw e l l s s cr e ened a s s h a l l o w a s 2 0 0 f e e t e r e l o c a t e d w i t h i n 2 m i l e s d o w n g r a d i e n to f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e . T h e s e w e l l s s u p p l y t h e town o f B a r r e t t , t h e C i t yo f C r o s b y , a n d o t h e r n e a r b y c o m m u n i t i e s .

OO

N o c o n t a m i n a t i o n c r i t e r i a e x i s t f o r B o i l s a n d s e d i m e n t s . H o w e v e r , t h e h i g hl e v e l s o f s e d i m e n t c o n t a m i n a t i o n ob s e rv ed i n t h e main p i t a n d i n t h e s l o u g hb e t w e e n t h e main p i t a n d U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a r e e x p o s e d t o l a r g e n a t u r a l d i s p e r s i o nf o r c e s ( c h i e f l y f l o o d s ) . S i g n i f i c a n t h e a l t h r i s k s would b e c r e a t e d i f t h e s es l u d g e s a n d s e d i m e n t s were d i s p e r s e d i n a n u n c o n t r o l l e d f a s h i o n . S o i l s a n da e d i r a p n t s f a r t h e r removed f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e , b u t o t i l l i n t h ei m m e d i a t e v i c i n i t y , a p p e a r n o t t o b e s i g n i f i c a n t l y a f f e c t e d b y p a s t f l o o de v e n t s . T h e p r i m a r y r i a k i n v o l v e d o f f - s i t e i a c o n t a c t w i t h u n d i l u t e d h e a v i l yc o n t a m i n a t e d s l u d g e s o r s e d i m e n t s t r a n s p o r t e d i n t a c t f r o m t h e s i t e area.P r e v i o u s removal a c t i o n s a t t h e s i t e have removed t h e b u l k o f s u r f a c e

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c o n t a m i n a t i o n m a k i n g t h i s h i g h l y u n l i k e l y , w h i l e o f f - s i t e a c c u m u l a t i o n o fs l u d g e s i s m i n i m a l t o n o n - e x i s t e n t .

5.3.3 P o p u l a t i o n a t R i s kT h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f C r o s b y , T e x a s a n d

I m i l e west o f B a r r e t t , T e x a s . T h e c o m b i n e d p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e C r o s b y / B a r r e t tarea i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 , 2 5 0 b a s e d o n t h e 1980 c e n s u s . S o u t h w e s t o f t h e s i t e i st h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n w i t h a r e s i d e n t i a l p o p u l a t i o n o f a r o u n d a h u n d r e dp e o p l e . O t h e r homes a r e l o c a t e d a l o n g G u l f P u m p Road s o u t h o f t h e s i t e a n dU . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 .

T h e C r o s b y / B a r r e t t area i s p r i m a r i l y r e s i d e n t i a l w i t h some c o m m e r c i a lb u s i n e s s e s a n d some sand m i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s a l o n g t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r a n d i t st r i b u t a r i e s . S o m e f a r m i n g a l s o o c cur s i n t h e o u t l y i n g areas . A p p r o x i m a t e l yo n e - h a l f m i l e west o f t h e s i t e , o n t h e w e s t e r n bank o f t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r ,S t . R e g i s P a p e r C o m p a n y o p e r a t e s a p u l p / p a p e r m i l l .

O

OO

T h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e i s s u r r o u n d e d b y d e n s e l y wooded l a n d s a n d i n t e r m i t t e n ts w a m p y a r e a s . T h e area c o n t a i n s numerou s a b a n d o n e d sand p i t s w h i c h a r ef r e q u e n t e d b y area s p o r t f i s h e r m e n .

T h e p o p u l a t i o n p o t e n t i a l l y a t r i s k i n c l u d e s :* r e s i d e n t s i n t h e n e a r b y R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n ;• r e s i d e n t s a l o n g M a g n o l i a d r i v e ;• e m p l o y e e s o f t h e n e a r b y sand m i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s* s p o r t f i s h e r m e n t h a t f r e q u e n t t h e S a n J a c i n t o R i v e r , a n d some o f t h e

abandoned sand p i t s ;• t r a v e l e r s a l o n g U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a n d G u l f P u m p R o a d ; a n d* H a r r i s C o u n t y , P r e c i n c t 2 m a i n t e n a n c e p e r s o n n e l .

I n e x a m i n i n g t h e p o p u l a t i o n a t r i s k , i t - i s i m p o r t a n t t o c o n s i d e r t h e m e c h a n i s m so r p a t h w a y s b y w h i c h t h e s e p e o p l e m a y become e x p o s e d t o t h e c o n t a m i n a t i o n . T h ep r i m a r y p a t h w a y s o f p o t e n t i a l concern f o r t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e area arc:

1 . c o n s u m p t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t e d ground w a t e r ,2 . i n g e s t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t e d a q u a t i c s p e c i e s a n d p l a n t s .

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3 . d i r e c t c o n t a c t w i t h c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a n d s u r f a c e w a t e r , a n d4 . i n h a l a t i o n o f a i r b o r n e c o n t a m i n a t e d d u s t .

A l t h o u g h a l l f o u r o f t h e p a t h w a y s d e f i n e d above have t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r p r o d u c i n ga c u t e s h o r t - t e r m e f f e c t s , t h e f i r s t p a t h w a y ( c o n s u m p t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t e d g r o u n dw a t e r ) i s most l i k e l y t o p r o d u c e a e r i o u s l o n g - t e r r a e f f e c t s .

Based o n t h e above d i s c u s s i o n a n d t h e p o t e n t i a l p o p u l a t i o n a t r i s k , t h er e s i d e n t s i n t h e R i v e r d a l e S u b d i v i s i o n a n d t h o s e a l o n g M a g n o l i a D r i v e a r e mostl i k e l y t o s u f f e r l o n g - t e r m c h r o n i c e f f e c t s a s w e l l a s a n y a c u t e e f f e c t s .

B e c a u s e o f t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f s p o r t f i s h i n g i n a n d around t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e ds i t e , a n d t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r t h i s s e g m e n t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n t o b e s u b j e c t e d t ot h e c o n t a m i n a t i o n f r o m t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e b y a l l o f t h e l a s t t h r e ep a t h w a y s d e f i n e d above , t h e s p o r t f i s h e r m e n a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b p t h e s e c o n dmoat l i k e l y s e g m e n t o f p o p u l a t i o n a t r i s k t o s u f f e r b o t h a c u t e a n d c h r o n i ce f f e c t s .

<MO

OO

H a r r i s C o u n t y P r e c i n c t 2 h a s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r m a i n t a i n i n g t h e r i g h t o fw a y f o r G u l f P u m p R o a d . M a i n t e n a n c e p e r s o n n e l w o r k i n g f o r t h e C o u n t y r e g u l a r l yvork o n t h e road a n d d r a i n a g e d i t c h e s a n d t h u s a r e p o t e n t i a l l y e x p o s e d t oc o n t a m i n a t i o n b y d i r e c t c o n t a c t w i t h c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s a n d s u r f a c e w a t e r s a n db y i n h a l a t i o n o f a i r b o r n e c o n t a m i n a t e d d u s t . T h e m a i n t e n a n c e p e r s o n n e l a r e ,however , l e s s l i k e l y t o s u f f e r f r o m l o n g - t e r m c h r o n i c e f f e c t s d u e t o t h e i rd e c r e a s e d i n c i d e n c e o f e x p o s u r e .

Because o f thi* s u r f a c e w a t e r removal m e c h a n i s m s o b s e r v e d a t t h e s i t e , t h a t i s ,t h e p e r s i s t e n t f l o o d i n g o f t h e d i s p o s a l area a n d t h e movement a n d d i s p e r s i o n o fc o n t a m i n a n t s , t h e e f f e c t s r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e l a s t t h r e e p a t h w a y s o f e x p o s u r ew i l l c o n t i n u e t o d i m i n i s h . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r w e l l w a t e rc o n t a m i n a t i o n w i l l c o n t i n u e t o i n c r e a s e a s t h e c o n t a m i n a n t p l u m e moves o u t w a r df r o m t h e i m m e d i a t e s i t e area. T h i s movement w i l l occur a a l o n g a s a s u f f i c i e n tc o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e c o n t a m i n a n t mass r e m a i n s w i t h i n t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e .Once t h e source mass i s removed t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r e x p o s u r e t o c o n t a m i n a t i o nf r o m t h e w e l l w a t e r w i l l d i m i n i s h a c c o r d i n g l y .

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5 , 4 S I G N I F I C A N C E O F W A S T E C O N C E N T R A T I O N ST h e wa s t e c h e m i c a l s a t t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e s l u d g e s a n ds e d i m e n t s i n t h e b o t t o m o f t h e main p i t a n d i n t h e s o i l s a n d s e d i m e n t s o f manyo f t h e a d j a c e n t p i t s a n d d i t c h e s . S u r f a c e w a t e r s i n t h e main p i t c o n t a i n l e wp p b l e v e l s o f t h e more s o l u b l e c h e m i c a l s ( c h i e f l y v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c s ) , w h i l e t h eground w a t e r s i m m e d i a t e l y s o u t h o f t h e main p i t c o n t a i n s i g n i f i c a n t ( h i g h p p b )l e v e l s o f t h e s e same v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c s .

M e r c u r y was the o n l y i n o r g a n i c ch emi ca l ( o b s e r v e d a t a maximum c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f O0.7 ppb in ground water w i t h a c r i t e r i o n of 0.144 p p b ) o b s e rv ed in w a t e r above ,*i t s 10""* i n c r e m e n t a l cancer r i s k human h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n ( s e e A p p e n d i x F ) , v -a n d i t a p p e a r e d o n l y i n g r o u n d w a t e r w e l l s G W 0 1 ( 1 , 5 0 0 f e e t east o f t h e s i t e )a n d G W 0 5 (900 f e e t n o r t h w e s t o f t h e s i t e ) . N o g r o u n d w a t e r u e l l a o n t h e s i t ep r o p e r e x h i b i t e d mercury c o n t a m i n a t i o n . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h i s l e v e l o f mercury i sb e l o w t h e 2 p p b p r i m a r y d r i n k i n g w a t e r s t a n d a r d .

OO

A c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e h i g h e s t ob s erved c o n c e n t r a t i o n s in wat er a t F r e n c h L i m i t e dw i t h th e 10" r i s k l e v e l human h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n i s shown in T a b l e 5-4.Both g r o u n d w a t e r and s u r f a c e water c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ar e shown in th e t a b l e . The10""-* human, h e a l t h c r i t e r i a wa s used f or c o m p a r i s o n due t o th e l a c k o fd r i n k i n g w a t e r s t a n d a r d s g o v e r n i n g most o f t h e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s f o u n d i n t h eground w a t e r . One c o m p o u n d , t e t r a c h l o r o e t h e n e , was f o u n d in ground water att oore t h a n 1 0 0 t i m e s i t s 10~ human h e a l t h c r i t e r i o n l e v e l , F o u r c o m p o u n d swere seen in ground w a t e r at b e tween 10 and 100 t i m e s t h e i r lO"**1 humanh e a l t h c r i t e r i a : benzene, carbon t e t r a c h l o r i d e , 1 , 2 - d i c h l o r o e t h a n e , a n do e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e . T h r e e c o m p o u n d s i n g r o u n d w a t e r ( t r i c h l o r o e t h a n e , v i n y lc h l o r i d e , and m e r c u r y ) and one compound in s u r f a c e wa t e r ( c h l o r o f o r m ) wereob s e rv ed at b e t w e e n I and 10 t i m e s t h e i r 10"* human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a .S e v e r a l c o m p o u n d s a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e were f o u n d b e l ow t h ec r i t e r i a l e v e l s in b o t h ground water and s u r f a c e water.

A •umsary o f the observed m e t a l s c o n t a m i n a t i o n and the P r i m a r y D r i n k i n g W a t e rS t a n d a r d s ( s e e A p p e n d i x F ) i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 5-5, N o m e t a l s were observedabove th e d r i n k i n g water s t a n d a r d s .

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T h « h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n were f o u n d i n s h a l l o ww e l l s a l o n g t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d ma in p i t . I f t h e s l u d g e s i nt h e main p i t c a u s i n g t h i s c o n t a m i n a t i o n a r e l e f t i n a n u n c o n t r o l l e d s t a t e f o rl o n g p e r i o d s o f t ime ( i . e . d e c a d e s ) , s h a l l o w g r o u n d w a t e r s f u r t h e r removed f r o mt h e F r e n c h L i m i t e d s i t e w i l l becom« c o n t a m i n a t e d a t l e v e U e x c e e d i n g t h ecurrent human h e a l t h c r i t e r i a .

N o c o n t a m i n a t i o n c r i t e r i a e x i s t f o r s o i l s a n d s e d i m e n t s . H o w e v e r , t h e h i g hl e v e l s o f s e d i m e n t c o n t a m i n a t i o n ob s erved i n t h e m a i n p i t a n d i n t h e s l o u g hb e twe en t h e main p i t a n d U . S . H i g h w a y 9 0 a r e e x p o s e d t o l a r g e n a t u r a ld i s p e r s i o n f o r c e s ( c h i e f l y f l o o d s ) . S i g n i f i c a n t h e a l t h r i s k s w o u l d b e c r e a t e di f t h e s e s l u d g e s a n d s e d i m e n t s were d i s t u r b e d i n a n ' , ' n c o n t r o l l e d f a s h i o n .

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6.0 REFERENCES

Bouver, H . a n d Ric e . R . C . 1976. A S l u g T e s t f o r D e t e r m i n i n g H y d r a u l i cC o n d u c t i v i t y o f U n c o n f i n e d A q u i f e r s w i t h C o m p l e t e l y o r P a r t i a l l yP e n e t r a t i n g W e l l s . W a t e r Resource s R e s e a r c h , 1 2 ( 3 ) :423-428. W a s h i n g t o n ,D . C .

E n v i r o n m e n t a l D a t a S e r v i c e . 1983. C l i m a t o l o g i e s ! D a t a — A n n u a l S u m m a r y ,V o l u m e 69-88, N o . 1 3 . N a t i o n a l Oceanic a n d A t m o s p h e r i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

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