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MCQ REMEDIAL BLOCK 3 2008

1. The essence of medical science is a part of philosophy study of: A. Epistemology

B. Ontology

C. Aetiology

D. Axiology

2. Today we live in technology era. The philosopher says that the highest technology is.

A. Nuclear technologyB. Information and communication technology (ICT)

C. Wisdom technology

D. Biotechnology

3. How do you imagine the philosophers thinking:

A. You think about the data processing in the computer

B. You make a planning for a birthday party

C. You look to the stars in the sky and think about the how its beautifulD. You think about preparing for written test

4. One of difference between philosophy and science is that philosophy problem:

A. Based on common problem

B. Not only evidenceC. Related to value

D. Resume or synopsis

05. The way of holistic thinking is a part of philosophy as: .

A. Attitude

B. TheoryC. Comprehensive thinkingD. Method of thinking

6. Science is a part of knowledge with the main characteristic: .A. Radical

B. Critical

C. SystematicD. Rational

7. No theory in medical science is said as absolute theory. It is open to any critical appraisal. This

condition reveal that the characteristic of science is A. Methodological

B. Objective

C. EmpiricalD. Verified

8. How do you formulate the proper question to know the axiology of science: A. Is the theory true?

B. What is the matter?

C. How the disease was developed?D. What is the benefit of the therapy?

9. The management of a patient by a doctor including: anamnesis, physical examination, diagnosis,

therapy and prognosis. The steps of thinking as well as the doctor did that start from the question,hypothesis, experiment and conclusion known as

A. Inductive thinking

B. Deductive thinkingC. Systematic thinking

D. Logic thinking

Remedial MCQ Block 3 - Page 1 of 10


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10. Epistemology in medical research is discussion about

A. Background

B. Main problem

C. HypothesisD. Method

11. The medical sciences related to the axiology since: A. It is related to problem

B. It is related to method

C. It is related to solutionD. It is related to disease

12. The one of characteristics of science is empirical. Which of the following statement has empiricalmeaning:

A. Evidence based medicine

B. Philosophy thinking

C. Religious experienceD. The dream

13. Which of the following is a good reason to do a research:A. To get any prize

B. To be a director

C. To get much moneyD. To be a researcher

14. According to John Dewey, imagination is reserve of: .

A. ReligionB. Scientific finding

C. Scientific experiment

D. Wisdom

15. The good research idea should: .

A. Be complicatedB. Be interesting to you

C. Solve many problems

D. Unverifiable

16. Basic knowledge to understand imbalance of body function.

A. Parasitology

B. PharmacologyC. Physiology

D. Histology

17. The level of the problem is based on

A. Expected

B. ObservedC. Concern

D. Reasoning

18. This is the recommended way to spread out/write the background of researchA. Begin with the main problems

B. Ended with hypothesisC. Start from general continuous to specificD. Based on suggestion

19. The best statement of background of your research proposal has toA. Explain about the result

B. Study of references

C. Contain scientific activities



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D. Include methods

20. The problem would be known original if

A. Based on strong theoretic valueB. Has a high applicative level

C. Is not answered yet by previous research

D. Formulated by interrogative formula

21. The hypothesis of your research proposal is

A. In declarative sentencesB. In question sentences

C. Not feasible

D. State one variable

22. A good hypothesis would be

A. Stated after finishing the research

B. Stated in interrogative sentencesC. Based on suggestion

D. Has biological plausibility

23. A good hypothesis will be helpful to

A. Get a significant result

B. Determine appropriate research designC. Process data collection easier

D. Find a good suggestion

24. Which one of the hypothesis has biological plausibility (logic) A. There is a correlation between education and the prevalence of alcoholism

B. There is a correlation between wealthy and the prevalence of alcoholism

C. There is a correlation between genetic and the prevalence of alcoholismD. There is a correlation between intellectual level and the prevalence of alcoholism

25. To develop an idea, we also have to discuss with expertA. To focus of idea

B. To solve the main problem of research

C. To prove a good hypothesisD. To determine the method of data analysis

26. Even, the answer of hypothesis do not satisfy the researcher, the hypothesis can not

be changed becauseA. The answer of hypothesis confirm that the research method is wrong

B. The hypothesis is just a temporary answer that to be clarified

C. To determine is the research fail or successD. To proved that the researcher has wrong main problem

27. A theory developed based on previous researches isA. Operational frame-work

B. Hypothesis frame-work

C. Variables frame-work

D. Conceptual frame-work

28. Which of the following examples is an abstract conceptA. PainB. Heart-rate

C. Blood glucose level

D. Weight



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29. Which one of the following examples is a concept

A. Body mass index

B. Nutritional status

C. Percentage of body-fatD. Weight

For questions number 30 34:

Smoke has been known as predisposition factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). This could be

explained that smoke will increase the atherosclerosis formation especially for population that havegenetics susceptible (vulnerable)

30. Which one of the following words as a precursor variableA. Smoke

B. Coronary heart disease

C. Atherosclerosis

D. Genetic

31. Which one of the following words as a dependent variable

A. SmokeB. Coronary heart disease

C. Atherosclerosis

D. Genetic

32. Which one of the following words as an intermediate variable

A. Smoke

B. Coronary heart diseaseC. Atherosclerosis

D. Genetic

33. Which one of the following words as an independent variable

A. Smoke

B. Coronary heart diseaseC. Atherosclerosis

D. Genetic

34. According to the objective of research, the appropriate study design for the statement above...

A. Diagnostic test

B. Clinical trial

C. Cohort studyD. Prognostic test

35. Developing of problem researchA. Do not begin with argumentative questions

B. Theoretical questions

C. The gap between the fact and the objectivesD. Can be questions followed by statements

36. The objective of a research

A. Determine specific and general aimsB. Contain measurable data

C. Unrelate to the problemsD. Be similar to the hypothesis

37. In obtaining references from other authors, you

A. May obtain different statement from your topicB. Are allowed to obtain all statement from others

C. Get data from others to support your data

D. Might pass on other people theory as long it relates to your topic



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38. The conclusion of a research report has to be

A. A complete data

B. A Resume of discussion

C. An answer of hypothesisD. An answer of a research problem

39. Repetition of a research topic is still important, sinceA. Investigate the result of previous research

B. The same condition can be implemented

C. Improve the methods of previous researchD. Eliminate the results of previous research

40. The discussion of your research report describes.A. A broadened and deep point of view

B. All aspects of research topic

C. All theories you can read from text book

D. The methods of research

41. Problem identification must be constructed in question words that.

A. BroadB. Complex

C. Specific

D. Multiple

42. Selecting a topic of medical research, one consideration is

A. Data of highly morbidity and mortality

B. After discussion with peer reviewC. The result of correspondence with the expert

D. Broad problem

43. In the conclusion of research you are allowed to

A. Describe the method completely

B. Describe the result entirelyC. Summarize the discussion

D. Summarize the abstract

44. A scientific writing contains

A. Research activities

B. A recommendation without a conclusion

C. A conclusion without recommendationD. Preliminary answer of research question

45. The statement: Basic research; from bench to bedside, means A. Basic research is an important thing

B. Basic research is not relevance to clinical case

C. Basic research is useful for managing patientD. Basic research is a step of clinical trial

46.One of basic medical research format is

A. Clinical trialB. Diagnostic study

C. Prognostic studyD. Pathogenesis study

47 .One example of preclinical researches

A. Finding new drugs forTrichomonas vaginalisin vitroB. Clinical trial of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT)

C. The effect of AZT in HIV replication

D. The effect of gentamycin for treating plague



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48. Learning molecular medicine is very important for medical students because

A. Nobel Prize Committee loves it very much

B. It is part of health economics

C. It is the major part for community serviceD. It is the basic for understanding disease at molecular level

49. Nobel Prize usually goes to the basic science researchers, because A. Practical research is important

B. Nobel Prize Committee appreciate directed research

C. Nobel Prize Committee highly appreciate original ideaD. Results of basic research seems valuable for practitioners

50. What is the most importance point for prioritizing medical research A. Incorporate social values

B. Disease burden

C. Incorporate professional values

D. Research gain

51. Result of research should become parts of systems. From research to system must follow steps

below

A. Studiessynopsissynthesissystem

B. Synopsissynthesissystemstudies

C. Synthesissystemstudiessynopsis

D. Studiessynthesissynopsissystem

52. Basic discovery today provides the foundation for tomorrows medicine. One of these steps iscorrect

A. Clinical applicationtranslational researchbasic research

B. Clinical applicationtranslational researchtechnology developmentC. Basic researchtranslational researchclinical application

D. Translational researchbasic researchclinical application

53. Statements below are about basic research. Which one is correct A. The main motivation is creating something

B. The main motivation is to expand knowledge and understanding

C. It is not driven by interest in a scientific questionD. In USA its funding much less than clinical research

54. The Valid and clinically relevant research, from the basic sciences of medicine, the accuracy of

diagnostic test, the power of prognostic markers, therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventiveregimens are the statement mean of the

A. Best research evidence.B. Clinical expertise

C. Patient values

D. Patient circumstances

55. The application of EBM

A. Makes decision for diagnostic only

B. Skills of the clinician do not required.C. Usually triggered by patients problem

D. Always for patients treatment.

56. Select the appropriate resource(s) and critically appraising that gives evidence for its validity

(closeness to the truth), impact (size of the effect), and applicability

(usefulness in our clinical practice) is the step of EBM process in

A. Step 1B. Step 2

C. Step 3

D. Step 4



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57. Self-evaluationis the step of EBM process in

A. Step 2

B. Step 3

C. Step 4D. Step 5

58. Measurement of observations are classified into mutually exclusive categories in which there is acertain sequence among the categories...

A. Nominal scale

B. Ordinal scaleC. Interval scale

D. Rational scale

59. Mothers knowledge about family planning such as very bad, bad, fairly enough, good, very good,

has measurement scale

A. Nominal

B. OrdinalC. Interval

D. Rational

60. The Kelvin scale of body temperature has a measurement scale

A. Nominal

B. OrdinalC. Interval

D. Rational

61. The body height variable that was measured in rational scale is aA. Discrete variable

B. Rationalized variable

C. Continuous variableD. Consistent variable

62. In order to present data more nicely and understandable, it is better to present data asA. Raw Data

B. Frequency distribution table

C. Graph or diagramD. Detailed Narrative

63. A value that divide data into 2 equal groups, 50% under and 50% upper that value, is called

A. MeanB. Central value

C. MedianD. Mode

64. Standard of deviation (SD) is a term that describe aboutA. The deviation of mean from the groups central value

B. The deviation from sample mean

C. Median relative measures described as percentage of mean.D. The sum of group values divided by the number of observations.

70. Statistical significant can only be obtained by

A. Measuring sample accurately and repeatedlyB. Collecting sample size as much as possible

C. Conducting statistical analysisD. Conducting clinical trial

71. Null hypothesis means that.

A. There is no significant difference between study subjects.B. There is no significant difference between the investigated samplings.

C. There is no significant difference between the variables being studied.

D. There is no significant difference between the investigated samples.



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72. P value is

A. The probability that the observed difference was merely caused by a random variation (Chance)

and is not really existed

B. The probability that the observed difference was really existC. The probability that the observed difference was still unclear

D. The probability that the observed difference was still need to be confirmed.

73. Research Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is

A. Knowledge of how to criticize literatures / articles

B. Implementation of the best evidence obtained from clinical research to clinicalpractice

C. Knowledge about how to conduct a valid and accurate research

D. Competency on how to design and implement a valid and accurate

74. In EBM, after founding the resources about the evidence, we have to critically appraise that

evidence for its

A. Validity, reality and sensitivity

B. Validity, intensity and accuracyC. Validity, important and Applicability

D. Validity, Intensity, Important, Accuracy and Applicability

75. Validity is

A. Closeness to the truthB. Closeness of the effect

C. Usefulness in our clinical practice

D. Statistical analysis method

76. In term of type of evidence, meta-analysis of randomized trial gives evidence level

A. Level I.aB. Level I.bC. Level II

D. Level III.

77. In a diagnostic study, one of the important questions need to be answered is

A. Was patient follow-up sufficiently long and complete ?

B. Was there an adequate spectrum of disease?C. Were objective outcome criteria applied in a blind fashion ?

D. Was the assignment really randomized?

78. If we want to know how to select and interpret diagnostic tests in order to confirm or excludediagnosis, based on considering their precision, accuracy, acceptability, safety, etc, we need to

read articles about

A. Diagnostic studies.B. Prognostic studies.

C. Therapeutic studies

D. Etiologic studies.

79.In a qualitative research, a main tools used in data collection is ... .

A. Questionnaires.B. Laboratory equipments.

C. Structured interview guide.

D. The researcher him/her-self.

80. Qualitative research is

A. Recommended during earlier phases of a research project.

B. Chosen if researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for.C. Conducted after all aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.

D. Applied to construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed.



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81. In a structured interview .. .

A. There is no initial guiding questions or core concepts to ask about.

B. Interviewer is free to move the conversation in any direction of interest. that may come up

C. Data is usually more difficult to analyseD. A predetermined set of questions asked of all respondents

82. Among others, an advantage of observation in qualitative research is the fact that the evaluator .. .A. Can enter into and understand the situation/context.

B. Must well-qualified, highly trained observers.

C. May affect behaviour of participants.D. Has selective perception that may distort data.

83. In an in-depth interview .. .A. A carefully worded questionnaire is administered.

B. The emphasis is on obtaining answers to carefully phrased questions.

C. Interviewers can capture respondents perceptions in their own words.

D. Interviewers are trained to deviate only minimally from the question.

84. To focus a group discussion, we usually apply

A. An informal interview.B. A structured interview.

C. A semi-structured interview.

D. A structured interview.

85. In a focus group discussion, participants are .. .

A. Not permitted to hear each others responses.

B. Permitted to make additional comments beyond their own original. responses as they hearwhat other people responses.

C. Necessary to develop common perception about the topic discussed.

D. Encouraged to reach any kind of consensus.

86. Interview characterized by extensive probing and open-ended questions is ..

A. An informal interview.B. An unstructured interview.

C. A highly structured interview.D. A self administered interview.

87. The scientific medical article contain opinions of respected authorities based on clinical

experience and descriptive studies

A. Case report

B. Case series

C. Survey

D. Cross sectional study

88. The well-known classical example of case series is

A. Hormone replacement therapyB. Pneumocystis carinii in healthy homosexual men

C. Man in the US filled Viagra prescriptions

D. Consumption of Red Bull drink

89. The way to increase level of evidence and make it becomes the strongest evidence is by

A. Collecting the articleB. Appraising topic some articles

C. Systematic reviewingD. Adding the expert opinion

90. The type of research which offers the first step of a future well designed research is

A. Randomized controlled trialsB. Prospective research

C. Retrospective research

D. Descriptive research



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91. If there is no control group on a case report/case series. It can influence

A. Statistical validity

B Reliability

C. ResultD. Conclusion

92. The type of research that has lowest association among variables isA. Cohort study

B. Survey

C. Case seriesD. Cross sectional study

93. People are screened with blood pressure measurement at one point time without treatment. Thestatement is correct to

A. Cohort study

B. Case control study

C. Cross sectional studyD. Clinical trial

94. The other name of cross sectional study isA. Incidence study

A. Prevalence study

B. Survey studyC. Clinical study

95. General risk factor of disease can be determined by

A. Case reportB. Case series

C. Survey


96. The study that relative faster and inexpensive is

A. Clinical trialB. Cohort study

C. Case control study


97. One of disadvantages of a case control study is

A. Easily to find cases

B. Difficult to find controlC. Cheap and faster

D. Suitable for rare-disease

98. In a case control study, the initial step is to define

A. Disease exposure factor

B. Etiology factorC. Outcome and control

D. Intervention

99. A characteristic of cohort study...A. Follow up is available

B. There is only one observationC. Without controlD. Determine only one outcome factor

100. A weakness of cohort study...

A. Determine the incidenceB. Minimal selection bias

C. Long time

D. Multiple effects can be seen


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