relion. thinking beyond the box. - abb group · pdf filerelion. thinking beyond the box. ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Relion. Thinking beyond the box.Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relionrelays are smarter, more flexible and more adaptable. Easy to integrate and with an extensive function library, the Relion family of protection and control delivers advanced functionality and improved performance.
This webinar brought to you by The Relion® Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB
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ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
ABB is pleased to provide you with technical information regarding protective
relays. The material included is not intended to be a complete presentation of
all potential problems and solutions related to this topic. The content is
generic and may not be applicable for circumstances or equipment at any
specific facility. By participating in ABB's web-based Protective Relay School,
you agree that ABB is providing this information to you on an informational
basis only and makes no warranties, representations or guarantees as to the
efficacy or commercial utility of the information for any specific application or
purpose, and ABB is not responsible for any action taken in reliance on the
information contained herein. ABB consultants and service representatives
are available to study specific operations and make recommendations on
improving safety, efficiency and profitability. Contact an ABB sales
representative for further information.
Disclaimer
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Line Current Differential ProtectionRoger HeddingJuly 23, 2015
ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
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Presenter
8-Jul-15 | Slide 4
© ABB Group
Roger Hedding
Roger graduated from Marquette University and joined
Westinghouse Electric Corp. After receiving a Masters
degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of
Pittsburgh, Roger became a District Engineer, and eventually
moved to Milwaukee where he currently resides.
As a Senior Consultant he guides the applications and
development of relay products for the North American
market. Roger is a IEEE senior member, and Past Chair of
the IEEE Power Systems Relay Committee. Roger has
authored or co-authored many papers in power systems
protection.
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Learning objectives
What is a current differential relay ?
What is a line current differential relay ?
What are the application issues of line
current differential relays vs line distance
relays ?
8-Jul-15 | Slide 5
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Introduction
Differential Relay
Line Current
Differential Relay
Application Issues
Communications
Summary
Line differential protectionAgenda
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8-Jul-15 | Slide 6
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Simple line differential protectionApplication
8-Jul-15 | Slide 7
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Multi-terminal differential protection
Unit Protection
Task – To Determine if fault is within protected zone or outside the protected zone
Protected Zone
Transmission Line Terminals
Power Transformer Terminals
Measures Currents at the terminals of the protected circuit
Transmits information about the currents to the remote end(s)
Compares the currents using classical current differential principles
Supplemented by additional criteria
High Dependability – Operates for all faults which it is designed to operate
Highly Security – Doesn’t operate for faults for which it should not operate
Good performance during evolving faults, and cross country faults
Immune to power swings, mutual coupling, and series impedance unbalances
With sample data its easy to calculate
Sequence components
Harmonic Currents
8-Jul-15 | Slide 8
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Line current differentialBasics
8-Jul-15 | Slide 9
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Current only scheme
No dependence on VTs
• Relief from Fuse fail, CCVT, Power swings
Can be very sensitive in detecting ground faults- Not
matched by distance relays
Segregated phase
• Ideal for evolving faults
• and cross country faults
• Single pole tripping
• Series compensated lines
Communication dependent
8-Jul-15 | Slide 10
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Types of current only schemes
Current Differential
Analog
Digital
Phase Comparison
Segregated
Combined Sequence
Not used much anymore
8-Jul-15 | Slide 11
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IR
IL IR
IL
I + I L RRelay
Protected Equipment
Local end Remote end
Current differential relay
8-Jul-15 | Slide 12
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IL -IR=
IL I R+ = 0 Should NOT TRIP!
Local end
+
Remote end
Normal operations or external faults
8-Jul-15 | Slide 13
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IL I R+ 0
Should TRIP!
Local end
+
Remote end
Internal faults
8-Jul-15 | Slide 14
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1I
I
R
L j yx
x
y
-1
Restraint point
Operating and restraint regions
8-Jul-15 | Slide 15
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Operating and restraint regions
High security for external faults
High sensitivity for internal faults
8-Jul-15 | Slide 16
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IR
IL IR
IL
I + I L RRelay
Protected Equipment
Local end Remote end
Add restraint windings in addition to the original operating winding
Operating and restraint regions
8-Jul-15 | Slide 17
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or )IIK(II RLRL
ormax
IKR
IL
I
)IIK(II RLRL
IRILProtected Equipment
Local end Remote end
IL IRI +I L RRelay
Operating (trip) condition
8-Jul-15 | Slide 18
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Operating and restraint regions
8-Jul-15 | Slide 19
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Differential
Current
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Line current differential relays
Two terminals physically separated
Two relays
Communication between two terminals
8-Jul-15 | Slide 20
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Protected Line
I
I
L
R
IR
IL
)II(2
1RL )II(
2
1RL
Line current differential relays
8-Jul-15 | Slide 21
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Normal conditions or external faults
8-Jul-15 | Slide 22
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Internal faults
8-Jul-15 | Slide 23
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Line differential protectionCharacteristic
8-Jul-15 | Slide 24
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Line current differential relaysFirst generation
Reduce communication requirements
Sequence filter
8-Jul-15 | Slide 25
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HCB pilot wire relay
8-Jul-15 | Slide 26
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Pilot wire relaysProblems
Rise in station ground potential
Induction from power line circuits
8-Jul-15 | Slide 27
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Pilot wire relaysSolutions
Twisted wire pair
Gaps/arrestors, etc.
Drainage reactors
Neutralizing reactors
Insulating transformers
8-Jul-15 | Slide 28
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Non-metallic communicationsIssues
Propagation delay-time synchronization
Signal corruption
Communication network
Bits, bauds, bandwidth, switching, Mux
Backup protection
8-Jul-15 | Slide 29
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Numerical relay
First generation of numerical relays transmitted
Fourier coefficients across channel
Newest relays transmit sampled data across channel
Can do harmonic analysis
Calculate sequence components
8-Jul-15 | Slide 30
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Channel requirement
Segregated phase differential protection typically
calls for larger information exchange - digital
communication
Ideal against cross country faults, series compensated
lines, single pole tripping etc.
8-Jul-15 | Slide 31
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Channel options
Direct Fiber
Short Range 1 – 3 Km
Medium Range 3 – 50 Km
Long Range 51 – 160 Km
G.703
Fiber to multiplexer
Use C37.94 standard
8-Jul-15 | Slide 32
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Line termination
Single breaker
Ring bus
Breaker and one half
Transformer
8-Jul-15 | Slide 33
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Single breaker
8-Jul-15 | Slide 34
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Ring bus or breaker and 1/2
8-Jul-15 | Slide 35
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Classical current transformer connection
8-Jul-15 | Slide 36
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Classical connectionProblems
Individual current transformer information
Current transformer health
Open circuit
Shorted
Saturated
Metering information
Larger restraint current requires operate current
Reduced sensitivity
8-Jul-15 | Slide 37
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Differential characteristic
8-Jul-15 | Slide 38
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Line
Differential
Relay
I L
IH
IL-IH
Preferred dual breaker connection
8-Jul-15 | Slide 39
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Transformer terminated line
8-Jul-15 | Slide 40
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Current Phase shift across transformer
Transformer inrush current
Low side faults on delta wye grounded transformer
Take care of in settings by giving vector
group of winding configuration
Transformer inrush
8-Jul-15 | Slide 41
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Classical differential operation
8-Jul-15 | Slide 42
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Inrush characteristic
2nd Harmonic
Over 7% of Fundamental (60 HZ) Current
8-Jul-15 | Slide 43
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Delta wye transformerExternal ground fault
8-Jul-15 | Slide 44
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Transformer terminated lineConcerns
External ground faults causing zero
sequence current to flow only on one side of
transformer (delta – wye)
Eliminate zero sequence current
Previously done by using auxiliary CT in zero
sequence trap
Do numerically in relay
8-Jul-15 | Slide 45
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Tapped line
8-Jul-15 | Slide 46
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Secondary fault
8-Jul-15 | Slide 47
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Line fault Transformer secondary
fault
Current
magnitude
Relative fault currents
8-Jul-15 | Slide 48
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Small power transformerTapped line
Time delay differential function for small differential
current below a set limit
Coordinate with downstream relays at tap
Differential currents above limit with allow
instantaneous operation
8-Jul-15 | Slide 49
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Tapped line
8-Jul-15 | Slide 50
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Differential protectionTap to small transformer
8-Jul-15 | Slide 51
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High impedance fault
8-Jul-15 | Slide 52
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Negative sequence Fault discriminator
8-Jul-15 | Slide 53
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If the two currents flow in the
same direction, the fault is
internal.
If the two currents flow in
opposite directions, the fault is
external.
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
Local I- : Reference
Internal Fault ZoneExternal Fault Zone
ROA
Minimum Operation I-
Negative sequence Current fault discriminator
8-Jul-15 | Slide 54
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Capacitive currentCompensation
8-Jul-15 | Slide 55
Equivalent “PI” Network of Line
Make pick-up of differential above the capacitive current
Make a compensation in algorithm Ic = V/Xc
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Charging currentCompensation
Measure fundamental frequency differential current
under normal steady state conditions
Normal means no start signals, neither internal or
external fault,
Subtract it making resulting differential current zero
No need to raise minimum operate current
8-Jul-15 | Slide 56
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Current from all terminals
Three terminal lineApplication
8-Jul-15 | Slide 57
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Fault current can be fed from all line ends
Five terminal lineApplication
8-Jul-15 | Slide 58
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Four communications modulesPractical use
8-Jul-15 | Slide 59
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The echo method allows for route switching with equal delay times for send and receive
Route switched networksWith delay symmetry
8-Jul-15 | Slide 61
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A B
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GPS time synchronization
Route switched networkWithout delay symmetry
8-Jul-15 | Slide 62
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D
B
A C
GPS
clockGPS
clock
GPS
clock
GPS
clock
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Telecom. Network
Telecom. Network
Primary channel
Secondary redundant channel
Redundant communication channels
8-Jul-15 | Slide 63
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5-Terminal line Master-master system
8-Jul-15 | Slide 64
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5-Terminal lineMaster-slave system
8-Jul-15 | Slide 65
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Master-slaveApplication example
8-Jul-15 | Slide 66
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Multifunction line current differential relay
8-Jul-15 | Slide 67
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Delivering significant savings in configuration, setting, erection, commissioning, maintenance, and space
Improving availability with outstanding performance and efficient information management
Enabling applications with multiple algorithms, multiple objects, integrated and distributed architectures
Application flexibility makes them an excellent choice for both new and retrofit installations
Relion® RED670Maximum power system reliability
8-Jul-15 | Slide 68
© ABB Group
Efficient substation automation for the protection, monitoring and control of
high voltage overhead lines and cables
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• Relion Series Relays – Advanced flexible platform for protection and control
• RTU 500 Series – Proven, powerful and open architecture
• MicroSCADA - Advanced control and applications
• Tropos – Secure, robust, high speed wireless solutions
This webinar brought to you by:ABB Power Systems Automation and Communication
We combine innovative, flexible and open products with
engineering and project services to help our customers
address their challenges.
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Thank you for your participation
Shortly, you will receive a link to an archive of this presentation.
To view a schedule of remaining webinars in this series, or for more
information on ABB’s protection and control solutions, visit:
www.abb.com/relion
8-Jul-15 | Slide 70
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