religion (sociology)
TRANSCRIPT
RELIGIONProf. M. Lakshmipathi Raju
Belief in Supernatural being
Characteristics: Sacred, Holy Fear, Happiness Rituals Moral Implication
Religion
Rituals – Religious Behaviour
Beliefs- Faith
Organization – Mechanism
Three Aspects:
Discipline
Integration
Cohesive Function
Social wellbeing
Means of control
Moral Standards
Functions:
Belief in Supernatural power To control this power To manipulate supernatural power Exorcist performs rituals Black magic, white power
Black Magic Uses magic power For evil purpose
White Magic Use magic for well-being
Magic
Religion Magic
Superior power by prayer – to coerce superior power
Public Secret
Respected Fear
Practices. Prayers With Charms
Difference between Religion and Magic
Magic Pseudo science (false science) Wrong assumption Deals with super natural
Science Cause, effect relationship Empirical facts Deals with natural Observation, experiment
Magic and Science
Emerged from idea and soul All objects inhabited by spirits All activities caused by spirits Soul after death transmigrated These spirits worshipped
Theories of origin of Religion
To control nature Powers to control nature superior Evolution in sequence Magic stage, religious stage, scientific stages
Naturalism by Max Muller
Nature surprising This surprise led to worship
Magic by JG Frazer
Belief – descended from them Totem– objects Collective representations Totem – treated as sacred Collective consciousness Ceremonies, rituals bind people
Totemism by Emile Durkheim
Fetishism
Revered object – has power Worship of fetishes A leaf or stone Among pre literate people
Superstition
Irrational belief – omen, sorcery, etc., Followed by many Becomes religious practice
Christianity Christ as Prophet Monotheistic Faith in Jesus, service, love Neighbours Ten commandment's
Hinduism
Dates back, thousands of year Polytheistic, several gods Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha Moksha [salvation] Four ashrams of life
Prominent Religions
Islam 7th century – Prophet Mohammad Monotheistic, one god Surrender to will of god- Allah Quran – revelation of god
Buddhism
4th century BC Four noble truths Suffering, cause of suffering, (desire) Nirvana – remove cause of suffering Eight fold path
24 Thirthankaras Rishabadev- first 24th – Mahavir Jain delivered from JIN (conquer) Three gems – right path, right knowledge right
conduct Jain believe in soul, karma, cycle of birth
Sikhism
Guru Nanak teachings Guru Govind Singh
Jainism
Beliefs, rituals Supernatural - god, heaven, hell Mode of worship – holy texts, philosophy Victory of good over evil
Ideology of Religion
Values of nationality Secularism Religion –undergone change Cause of strife Communal violence International terrorism Notorious activities
Modern society