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4.4. THE CULTURE OF CLASSICAL GREECE

BIG IDEA: Ideas from classical Greece will shape western civilization.

Religion

12 chief Gods/Goddesses, Zeus (chief God) mt. olympus. Didn’t focus on morality – everyone went to underworld-

Hades. Rituals/Festivals (honor Gods-Olympics)Will of gods –through oracle (sacred shrine where a god

revealed the future through a priest). -Delphi.

I want you !!!

Classical Arts and Literature

Architecture & sculptures classical architecture : calmness, clarity & no unnecessary

detail. (EX: Parthenon- columns=big open rooms) Sculpture not realism (real)- ideal beauty (perfect body).

Drama (plays) Outdoors -religious festivals. Tragedies ( trilogy -set of 3).

Aeschylus=first trilogy (Oresteria). Sophocles -Oedipus Rex. Euripedes -real life situations. Comedy (entertain & criticize politicians /intellectuals ).

Aristophones wrote comedies.

Writing of HistoryHerodutus ( “Father of History”. More stories than

facts). Thucydides-greatest historian-accuracy, no bias.

Philosophy Organized system of thought (“love of wisdom”)

/Explain universe on basis of unifying principles. Pythagoras (Pythagorean theorem)-essence of

universe (music & numbers). Sophists-traveling teacher -rejected speculation.

improve self ,not understand universe. Rhetoric-persuasive speaking -argue effectively/both

sides- no right or wrong.

SocratesCritic of Sophists. Education -improve the individual. Live life by a code of ethics. Teaching method (SOCRATICE METHOD) -questions & answer

format >pupils see things for themselves using their own reason.

Questioned authority -sentenced to death/poison.

Plato

Student of Socrates.How do we know what is real? He thinks a higher world

of eternal, unchanging forms has always existed-objects we perceive with our senses are reflections of ideal forms.

Wrote “The Republic”. Achieve a good life if live in a just and rational state.

Ideal state 3 groups: upper class ( philosopher kings); second (warriors), third (the rest).

Create school (Academy)

Aristotle

Student of Plato- peoples happiness >tied to behavior- life of virtue.

Analyzed & classified things based on observation & investigation. Studied natural science by observation=scientific method.

Analyzed government to find best form. Favored constitutional gov.

4-4 reviewLike other peoples, Greeks considered religion

necessary to what?The well being of the stateGod and evil, individual rights, and human nature were

all examined topics in what?Greek tragedies Herodotus wrote what is considered to be what?The first real history in western civilizationSacred shrine where priests revealed the futureOracleFamous temple of AthenaParthenon

4-4 reviewHome of the chief gods and goddessesOlympusSocrates' studentPlatoTeaching approach using question and answerSocratic methodGreeks used rituals to encourage the gods to be what? GenerousThe sixth-century philosopher Pythagoras taught

what?Truth was to be found in music and numbers