religare strategic advisory commentary - aircraft procurement - april 2010

8/9/2019 Religare Strategic Advisory Commentary - Aircraft Procurement - April 2010

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Development of CapabilityThe IAF has evolved from its humble beginnings in October 1931, when it consisted of

six officers, five pilots and four Westland Wapiti biplanes, into the fourth largest air

force in the world. It has done this through a gradual process of evolution,

modernization and learning from engagement in conflict.

India in 2007 is a vastly different place to the India of 1963, when the MiGs were first

commissioned by the IAF. Modern India needs an air force capable of defending its

borders against terrorists, countering the nuclear threat of potential aggressors and

helping to fulfill its growing role as a world food donor and provider of international

aid. To achieve this goal, the Indian Air Force is undergoing a frantic modernization

process as it attempts to attain world recognition.

This commentary provides a quick round-up of some of the major procurement and

design and development programs underway.

A look at the present

Aircraft procurement,

design and development

initiatives

April 2010 I A Commentary on the Fixed & Rotary Wing Procurement, Design &

Development Programs

Light Combat Aircraft TEJAS


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Program: Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) TEJAS

Proposal finalized in 1983. Initial Development cost: US$ 124 million. Present cost (till date): US$ 2.89 billion Estimated delivery: First squadron to be

delivered to the IAF by 2015

Background: The LCA project was sanctioned

to replace the ageing Mig-21 fleet of the IAF

and to develop the indigenous Defence

industry. Although approval for the

development of the LCA was given in 1983, the

actual design and development did not begin

until June 1993. An entire decade was actually

used to establish the Aerospace infrastructure

that was almost completely non-existent tillthat time. ADA was nominated as the program

manager, while Hal and DRDO were appointed

as principal partners. Phase-1 focused on

"proof of concept" and comprised the design,

development and testing of two technology

demonstrator aircraft (TD-1 and TD-2) and

fabrication of a structural test specimen

airframe. This was followed by the production

of two prototype vehicles (PV-1 and PV-2), and

creation of the necessary basic infrastructure

and test facilities for the aircraft. Phase-2consisted of the manufacturing of three more

prototype vehicles (PV-3 as the production

variant, PV-4 as the naval variant, and PV-5 as

the trainer variant) and a fatigue test specimen.

Phase 1 commenced in 1990 and HAL started

work on the technology demonstrators in mid-

1991; however, a financial crunch resulted in

full-scale funding not being authorized until

April 1993. The first technology demonstrator,

TD-1, was rolled out on 17 November 1995 and

was followed by TD-2 in 1998, but they werekept grounded for several years due to

structural concerns and trouble with the

development of the flight control system. In

the meantime, the development of the Multi-

Mode Radar was started by Hal and LRDE in

1997. LCAs maiden flight was successfully

completed by TD-1, on Jan 4, 2001. The first

supersonic flight of the TEJAS took place in

August, 03. In all 2 technology demonstrators

5 prototype vehicles (PV) and 8 pre-production

aircraft were to be built. The IAF and the Navy

had then projected a total requirement of 220

aircrafts.

Present situation: The TD-1, TD-2, PV-1, PV-2LSP-1, and LSP-2 have completed 1,341 flights

in total. The maximum speed reached has been

1.4 Mach. The manufacture of PV-5, which is

the twin seated trainer version, has been

completed. The IAF is projected to get its firs

squadron of LCA only by 2014-2015. At present

the IAF has only given a confirmed order of 40

aircrafts. The navy has given a confirmed order

of 9 aircrafts that are to be used on the

indigenous aircraft carrier being built at the

Cochin shipyard.PV-4 which was to be the Naval variant has

now become the second production variant

For the navy, 2 separate prototypes are

planned, NP-1 (2 seater) and NP-2 (single

seater). The LS-3 LCA is slated for its first test

flight at the end of April, it will be fitted with an

Elta MMR radar.

The LCA has a maximum take-off weight of

13,500kg. Its internal fuel capacity is 3000 liters

that give it a maximum range of 3000 km. Its

maximum speed is 1.8 Mach and its serviceceiling is 54,000 feet.

The LCA is armed with 1 cannon carrying 220

rounds and 8 hard-points. The exact

combination of missiles is yet to be decided.

The phase wise cost break-up in the

development of the LCA till date is:

Full Scale Engineering DevelopmentPhase-1, which was completed in

March, 2004 US$ 486 million

Full Scale Engineering DevelopmentPhase-2, which is projected for

completion in December, 2012

US$ 550 million

Continuation of Full ScaleEngineering Development til

December, 2018 US$ 1.178 billion


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Development of the naval versionof the LCA US$ 210 million.

In the 3rd week of April 2010, LCA-LSP-3 made

the first flight. The LSP-3 is a quantum jump in

terms of the equipment fit on the aircraft. It is

almost the final configuration including the

new air-data computers, Multi Mode Radar,(MMR) new communication and navigation

equipment and radar-warning receiver.

In its path towards Initial Operational Capability

(IOC), a pair of LCA Tejas fighters -- Prototype

Vehicle-3 (PV3) and Limited Series Production-2

(LSP-2) -- were deployed to Jamnagar for a

period of five weeks for testing by the South

Western Air Command (SWAC). The trials

entailed flight envelope expansion in various

stores configurations, as well as air-to-ground

weapon delivery trials in different modes ofweapon delivery.

A Tejas Mark-2 is currently under development

due to the inability of the Mark-1 to meet the

IAFs requirements and the Navys

requirements for operations from an aircraft

carrier. The IAF is still considering an order of

up to 125 aircraft when a re-designed Mark 2 is

developed. The Mark 2 will have a more

powerful engine, be heavier by 200kgs, have

refined aerodynamics and other vital, yet

undecided parts to be replaced to reduceobsolescence. The Indian Navys Mark 2 version

of the Tejas will be capable of much shorter

take off and landing distance from an aircraft

carrier. A new engine in collaboration with

Snecma is also under development for the

Mark-2 LCA.

Program: FGFA (Fifth Generation Fighter

Aircraft)

First designed by SUKHOI DESIGNBUREAU in 2000

Development cost: Estimated atapproximately US$ 8-10 billion.

Unit price: US$ 100 million

Estimated Delivery: 2015 foRussian version (PAK-FA) and 2017

for Indian version (FGFA).

Detail: Although an Inter-Governmenta

agreement was signed between Russia and

India in 2007, it took more than 24 monthsafter that to freeze the design and other

contractual parameters. Eventually, the

commercial agreement was only verbally

mentioned during Vladimir Putins visit to India

in 2010. The designated parties were ROSS-

TECHNOLOGY and HAL. According to the

proposed agreement a total of 500 aircraft wil

be manufactured. Whereas Russia will take the

delivery of 200 Single seater and 50 Twin seater

aircrafts, India will take the delivery of 200

Twin seater and 50 Single seater aircraft.Sukhoi Design bureau has already designed 3

prototypes and the first test flight took place

on January 29, 2010. The flight trials are to be

completed by 2012.

The aircraft is of the 30 tone category. It will be

powered by the Saturn AL-41F, which provides

17.5 tons of thrust with after-burner. This

enables the aircraft to have a SUPER-CRUISE at

1.5 Mach. The FGFA will be the first non-

american aircraft that will truly belong to the

5th generation and also to have Super CruiseThe Radar Cross section of the FGFA is only

0.5sqm, whereas for the Su30MKI, it is 20sqm

The FGFA will be armed with Indian missiles

such as the ASTRA. The final load is yet to be

determined. The FGFA is supposed to have a

maximum range in excess of 5000km with in

flight refueling.

HAL will contribute 25% towards the design

and development of the FGFA. The fuselage wil

be 25% Titanium and 20% composites. India

will contribute its expertise in aircraftcomposites, developed while designing the

LCA. Hals work share will also include the

Mission computer, navigation systems, cockpit

displays, counter measure dispensing systems

and other critical softwares.


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Program: BASIC TRAINER AIRCRAFT

Development / Commercial of the Shelf

Purchase (COTS) purchase

HTT-40 designed by HAL RFI floated in October 2009.

RFP floated for 75 units in Jan 2010.

Background: The HAL built Hindustan Piston

Trainer-32 (HPT-32) has been in use since 1984.

The HPT-32 has experienced 90 incidents of the

engine switching off in mid-air, leading to 19

deaths and the loss of 17 aircrafts. On July 31 st

2009, in one such incident, 2 senior instructors

had a fatal crash. A court of enquiry, found that

the engine had run dry and as a consequence

the entire fleet of HPT-32s was grounded. The

main reason behind the HPT-32s enginesuddenly going dry is the fact that the aircraft

looses fuel supply if it does an inverted dive

that is greater than 2G in magnitude. The IAF

has now issued a RFP for Ballistic Parachutes,

so that the HPT-32 will harmlessly float back to

the ground in the event of an engine failure.

However at present, due to the grounding of

the fleet, it has lead to a situation where the

IAF is left without a basic trainer.

Present Situation: In January 2009, HAL

offered to the IAF the Hindustan Turbo Trainer-40 (HTT-40). It said that it could deliver the

basic trainer within 6 years. However the IAF

was not quite sure and also it could not afford

to wait for a basic trainer for 6 years.

The IAF issued a RFP in January 2010 for 75

basic trainer aircrafts. Companies in contention

and their respective models are:

o Raytheon- T-6 Texano Finmeccanica- M-311o Pilatus- PC-7 or PC-9o Grob- G-120TPo Korea Aerospace- KT-1o Embraer- Tucanoo EADS PZL (PZL-130-TC-11 orik)

A pre-bidders conference was also held on

February 2nd, 2010. The RFP states that the

manufacturer will have to deliver the first 12

aircraft within 24 months of the contract. The

chosen trainer will remain in the IAF inventory

for at least 30 years and the aircraft should

have been recently certified. The responses to

the RFP were submitted on March 17th 2010.

Program: INTERMEDIATE JET TRAINER (IJT)

HJT-36, SITARA

Development started in 1999 by HAL. Initial Budget: US$ 40 million Initial Delivery: 2006

Background: At present the IAF uses the

Hindustan Jet Trainer (HJT-16) KIRAN for the

stage-2 training. Induction of the Kiran fleet

began in 1968. The aircraft have already

clocked 6000 hours and are almost nearing the

end of their life. There have also been 13 fata

crashes over the last 10 years. The IAF had

ordered 250 aircraft and its fleet strength has

had a steady decline at the rate of 2 to 3

aircraft every year.

Present Situation: The speed of development

of the HJT-36 was very impressive in the initia

stages; from metal cutting to the first flight it

took a span of only 20 months. However afte

that there were several delays due to the

Russian NPO-SATURN AL-551 engine. After

receiving the engine from Russia, it was fitted

on the first prototype PT1 and sent back to

Russia for flight trials and certifications. This

process was delayed in Russia and also the

integration of the engine with other aircraft

systems took longer than anticipated. So theprototypes were now powered by the French

SNECMA LARZAC 04H20.

The first flight with the NPO SATURN Al-551

took place on May 09, 2010 in Bangalore. The

flight lasted 30 min and consisted of only basic

maneuvers. The Initial Operational Clearance is

slated for June 2010 and HAL already has a


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confirmed order of 12 limited series aircrafts.

The total order is expected to be in the region

of 225 aircrafts.

Program: ADVANCE JET TRAINER (AJT) RFI issued in April 2009 for 57 aircrafts.

Background: After negotiating for over two

decades, India in 2004, signed a US$ 1.6 billion

contract for 66 HAWK AJTs with BAE. The IAF

received 24 aircraft in fly-away condition; the

remaining 42 were to be assembled by HAL. Till

the end of 2009, HAL had managed to deliver

only 5 aircrafts as against the stipulated 25. The

contract signed with BAE had an option for 40more aircrafts, however the IAF is not satisfied

with the service level being offered by BAE and

hence it is not exercising this option.

Present Situation: The IAF does not want to be

in a position where it does not have a sufficient

number of AJTs. In April 2009, a RFI was issued

to 6 companies for 57 aircrafts.

The contenders are:

o Alenia- M-346o Korean Aerospace- T-50o Aero Vodochody- L-159o Yak-130o MiG-ATo BAE- Hawk-136

HAL is also pushing its twin engine HJT-39

Combat Aircraft Trainer (CAT), as is DRDO and

ADA with a trainer based on the LCA-TEJAS. The

LCA-TEJAS derivative is very similar to South

Koreas T-50 Golden Eagle.

Program: LIGHT COMBAT HELICOPTER (LCH)

HAL given sanction in October 2006. Initial Budget: US$ 24 million for

building 2 prototypes.

Initial delivery: 2010

Detail: The LCH was first unveiled in 2003. It

was expected to be operational within a period

of 4 years. However the operational clearance

was received from the MoD only in Octobe

2006. HAL was to provide two prototypes by

late 2008 and the Initial Operational Clearance

was expected by November 2010.

The LCH design was frozen in March 2008 and

the first prototype TD-1 was to take flight

within 1 year, followed by TD-2 which would be

fitted with all the weapons and electronic

sensors. By the end of 2009, the IAF was slated

to conduct flight tests on TD-3.

TD-1 finally took flight on March 29, 2010 at

HALs helicopter complex in Bangalore. The LCH

flew for 20min and provided a low speed, low

altitude check of all systems onboard. The

Initial Operational clearance is now slated for

December 2011. HAL at present is trying to

reduce the LCHs weight progressively over the

first three prototypes. A total of 375 kg wouldbe reduced over the 3 technology

demonstrators. However it means that the LCH

could enter production 200 kg heavier than

planned. HAL claims that the IAF has accepted

this extra weight.

The LCH is a 5.5 tone gunship with a narrow

fuselage accommodating a pilot and a

gunner/co-pilot in tandem configuration. It has

a full glass cockpit; helmet mounted targeting

systems and full day and night operationa

capabilities. The twin-engine helicopter ispowered by SHAKTI engines that develop

1200hp each- giving it a maximum air speed of

275km/h. SHAKTI was jointly developed by HAL

and TURBOMECCA of France.

The armament suite comprises a combination

of free flight 60/68mm rockets, MISTRAL AAM

a nose mounted NEXTER 20mm canon and


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other missiles. It will be fitted with the SAAB

aviatronics ECM suite.

To support operations at high altitudes, the

LCH is designed to take off fully loaded at an

altitude of 10,000feet and operate its weapons

up to 16,300feet.

Program: MEDIUM RANGE MARITIME

RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT (MRMR)

6 units for the Navy 6 units for the Coast Guard RFI issued in Jan 2009. Coast Guard expected to conduct trials in

May-June 2010. Estimated price for 6 units for Coast Guard:

US$ 1 billion.

Details: The Indian Navy and Coast Guard

issued a RFI for 6 MRMR aircrafts in January

2009. The expected ranges for the MRMR

aircraft was about 500Nautical miles with an

endurance of 6 hours.

The Indian Navy wanted its MRMR aircrafts to

be fitted with an Airborne Early Warningsystem and these aircraft would replace the

Britten-Norman Islander and the Dornier 228.

The possible contenders for the Navys MRMR

aircraft are:

Modified P8i from Boeing Falcon 9000 from Dassault,

modified by IAI ELTA.

P-99MPA from Embraer ATR-72ASW from EADS and Alenia CN-235MP from EADS-CASA.

The Coast Guard will be conducting trials

shortly. The contenders are the Russian Bereiv

Be-200 and the American Bombardier Q400.

The procurment of these survaillance aircraft

has been fast tracked after the Mumba

attacks.

Program: MEDIUM COMBAT AIRCRAFT (MCA)

First announced in 2006 as a follow upto the LCA.

First design shown at AERO INDIA 2009 Estimated cost: US$ 1.2 billion fo

development of 5 prototypes.

Estimated delivery: 2020, Totaestimated requirement of 250 aircrafts

Details: This aircraft would be Indias first foray

in the 14-15 tonnes category; LCA is in the 10

11 tonnes category and the FGFA is in the 20

tonnes plus category. The MCA is planned as

the replacement aircraft for the Jaguar and the

MiG-27. The project is being undertaken with

the partnership of the ADA, NAL and HAL. At a

later stage, other DRDO laboratories would also

play a role.

The MCA is expected to be a twin seater, fifth

generation fighter aircraft powered by the next

generation KAVERI under co-development with

SNECMA of France, having thrust vectoring and

Super Cruise capabilities. The MCA is expected

to incorporate an indigenous Active Scan rada

and the ASTRA BVR missile. The composites fo

building the MCA is under development at the

Pune and Hyderabad DRDO laboratories, which

are pursuing maximum stealth characteristics

to enable the aircraft to have a very miniscule

radar cross section. The MCA has now been re-

named as the NEXT GENERATION FIGHTER

AIRCARFT (NGFA).


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Program: LIGHT UTILITY HELICOPTER (LUH)

Procurement- Commercial Off The Shelf

Purchase (COTS) / Design & Development

Units: 197 COTS purchase & 187 Design& Developed by HAL.

RFP for procurement issued in June2008; HAL given go-ahead in Feb 2009. Estimated cost: US$ 750 million COTS

purchase.

Offset Clause: 50%

Details: The Indian Army and Navy want to

replace their Chetak and Cheetah helicopters.

An earlier RFP issued in 2006 was retracted in

December 2007, when it was found out that

the EUROCOPTER AS550 that was sent for trials

was actually the civilian version. This previous

RFP also stated that only 60 units were to be

supplied in a fly-away condition with the

remaining 137 units to be licensed

manufactured by HAL.

The fresh RFP stated that all units are to be

supplied in a fly-away condition and the offset

has been enhanced to 50%. Out of the 197helicopters, 133 are for the Army and 64 for

the Navy. The RFP has been issued to:

o Augusta Westlando Bell Helicopterso Eurocoptero Kamovo Sikorsky

BELL has opted out of the competition as it has

stated its inability to comply with the 50%offset clause in the RFP. The trials for the LUH

were slated for August 2009; however the

schedule was yet to be finalized.

HAL has got approval for the design and

development of an indigenous LUH in February

2009. The approval finally came for building

187 units and it was decided that either the

Russians or Eurocopter would partner HAL in

this project. The helicopters would supplement

the 197 helicopters being bought off the shelf

However in March 2010, HAL decided to not

seek any foreign collaboration. The Indigenous

LUH is expected to be of the 3tonnes categoryand have a range of 500 km. It would be

powered by a single HAL/Turbomeca SHAKT

engine and be able to carry a payload of 500

kg. The first flight is scheduled for 2015.

Program: ADVANCED ATTACK HELICOPTER

(AAH)

Units: 22 RFP Issued in MAY 2008/May 2009. Estimated cost: US$ 550 million.

Details: Only 3 companies submitted their bids

by the August 2008 deadline. These were

Eurocopter, AugustaWestland and Kamov.

Boeing had requested for an eight week

extension to submit its bid, which was denied

by the MoD. Bell withdrew from the

participation, because its model on offer was

no longer in production and was available only

through the FMS route.

Eventually the government retracted the RFP

on March 24th, 2009 as none of the 3 bids

conformed with the Staff Qualitative

requirements. The IAF was of the opinion thatthey had not received offers from all the best

available options.

The IAF wants the twin-engine helicopters to

have a turret gun of 20mm or higher caliber

and be able to fire 70mm rockets at a range of

1.2 kilometers. Also required is the ability to


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employ air-to-ground, fire-and-forget missiles

with a range of at least seven km, fitted with

state-of-the-art electronic warfare protection

suite and carry a radar warning receiver

capable of intercepting, identifying and

prioritizing multiple airborne and ground-based

radio frequency emitters. Other requirementsinclude all-weather, all-terrain, and day-and-

night operations capabilities.

A fresh RFP was released in May 2009. The RFP

was issued to:

o AugustaWestland- AW129o Bell- AH-1Z Super Cobrao

Boeing- Apache AH64D Block III

o Eurocopter- Tiger HADo Kamov- Ka-50o Mil- Mi-28NEo HAL- Light Combat Helicopter

Submissions were made by October 2009 and

the first deliveries are expected only by end

2012. The schedule for trials is yet to bedetermined.

Program: HEAVY LIFT HELICOPTER

Units: 15 RFP issued in MAY 2008/ May 2009 Contenders:

o Boeing- CH47F Chinooko Sikorsky- CH-53Ko AugustaWestland- AW101o Mil- Mi-46

Details: The original RFP was divided into 3

parts. 6 helicopters were required to replace

the existing fleet of Mi-26 helicopters. Anothe

16 heavy utility helicopters were to be supplied

for high-altitude aerial logistics and four of the

same model will be configured for high-altitude

combat search-and-rescue. This RFP waswithdrawn in March 2009 and a fresh one fo

15 units was issued in May 2009 when UPA-2

came into power. The responses to the RFP

were submitted in October 2009. The offset

proposals were submitted by January 2010

and further details are awaited.

Program: ANTI SUBMARINE WARFARE

HELICOPTER (ASW)

Units: 16 Estimated price: US$ 600 million RFP issued in late 2005

Details: The Indian Navy wanted to purchase

16 ASW helicopters as replacements for its

losses to its AugustaWestland Seaking fleet.

The Navys requirements included a physica

weight of not more than 10-12 tons; ASW and

search-and-rescue capabilities; a winch

endurance of up to four hours; and an ability to

host state-of-the-art electronic warfare

systems. Responses were received from

Eurocopter- EC725, NH Industries- NH90

Sikorsky- S-70B and Lockheed Martin- MH-60R

After receiving the responses, the NAVY was to

hold trials in late 2006, but no schedule wasdetermined. In April 2007, it seemed that now

the Navy had a change of plans and a fresh RFP

was on its way. More details are awaited.


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Program: MEDIUM LIFT HELICOPTER (MLH)

Total Demand: 350 units

Category: 10-12 tonnes

Design and developed by HAL

Details: HAL has been trying to develop a MLH

since 2004; however it is still stuck in the

design stage. The Navy, Army and Air force

have now requested the MoD to procure the

helicopters from overseas. HAL did try to tie up

with Eurocopter and Mil to help in the design

and development, but had to retract the RFP in

July 2009 as the design parameters were

changed. The production would have extended

for a period of 10-15 years.

Program: MEDIUM RANGE TANKER

TRANSPORT (MRTT)

Units: 6 Estimated cost: US$ 2 billion RFI issued in January 2010. Likely contenders:

o IL-78MKIo EADS- Airbus A330o Boeing- KC-767

Details: The IAF operates a fleet of 6 IL-78MKI

tanker aircrafts. It had wanted 6 more aircrafts

and during a previous competitive bidding the

IL-78 had once again emerged as the most

competitive bidder in June 2009. However the

IAF wanted to purchase the EADS offering

based on the Airbus A330 platform. The

Cabinet Committee on Security over-ruled the

IAF in September 2009and scrapped the entire

bid, terming the EADS offering as too

expensive.

A fresh RFI has now been issued in January

2010. Further details are awaited.

Program: AMPHIBIOUS AIRCRAFT

Units: 6 RFI issued in March 2010.

Details: To keep an eye on uninhabited islands

and carrying out search and rescue missions

over the country's maritime zone, the IAF is

planning to induct 6 amphibious aircrafts in to

its fleet.

The aircrafts are planned to be used for inter

island communication and rapid response

duties during emergencies such as a tsunami or

reaching out to people stranded on islands or

ships in the sea.

The IAF wants an aircraft which should have a

short take-off capability with a range of at least

800 nautical miles so that they can cover a long

range, they added.

Canadian Bombardier and Russian Beriev are

expected to receive the Request for Proposa

(RFP), which is expected to be issued by the IAF

soon.

Program: HEAVY LIFT AIRCRAFT

Unit: 10 Possible contender: Boeing C-17

GLOBEMASTER

Estimated cost: US$ 2.5 billion


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Details: The IAF wants to replace and augment

its fleet of Russian-made AN-32 and IL-76 air

lifters. The C-17 with a payload of around 75-80

tonnes can lift around 200 fully geared troops,

and can be used for carrying armored vehicles,

artillery guns and medium-sized helicopters

from one place to another. It can take-off froma 3000ft runway and its operating range is 2450

nautical miles. The sale will take place through

the FMS route.

P8I- Concluded C-130J- Concluded Mi17 V- Concluded

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