RELEASE AND ADOPTION OF IMPROVED POTATO VARIETIES IN ASIA

Guy Hareau

Team: Marcel Gatto, Willy Pradel, Victor Suarez, Junhong QinInternational Potato Center (CIP). Social and Nutrition Sciences Division • Av. La Molina 1895. La Molina. Lima 12. Perú

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Background – Reality Check!

• Release databases incomplete/outdated

• Varietal characteristics often unknown

• Adoption databases at national level (i.e. FAOSTAT)

• Adoption rates at crop level, not at varietal level

This leads to:

• Agricultural interventions & research activities poorly targeted

public funds are spent inefficiently and ineffectively

• Poor understanding of dynamics of varietal change

• Poor understanding of contribution of food-crop genetics research

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Background – SIAC 2.1Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIARActivities 2.1

Objective:

• Documentation of release and adoption data of improved cultivars in Asia

Funded by:

Source: SPIA Website

Purpose:

• Fill gaps in existing release and adoption databases

• Establish baseline dataset to demonstrate impact over time

How?

• Inexpensive methodology: expert elicitation workshop

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

SIAC 2.1 – MethodologyExpert elicitation workshops2014-2016

• Validate release data (i.e. name, pedigree, year of release, release institution, resistances, etc.)

• Estimate adoption rates

• Perceived adoption at varietal level

• By agro-ecological zones/ region, and season

• National adoption rates (entire group)

• Disaggregated adoption rates (subgroup)

• 15 experts per workshop

• Experts from value chain

• 350 participants

• 23 crop-country combinations in 7 countries

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – Varietal Release & Adoption& CIP’s contribution

Year = 2015 Total CIP-related

Country Release Adoption Release Adoption

Bangladesh 73 10 16 2

Chinaa 255 94 105 33

Indiab 70 37 12 7

Indonesia 35 16 16 5

Nepal 12 14 9 8

Pakistan 29 18 1 0

Vietnam 18 15 9 6

Total 492 204 168 (34%) 61 (30%)

Notes: a12 Provinces, duplicates excluded; b6 States

CIP-related:

• Facilitated/distributed by CIP

• Selection from CIP crosses/progenitors

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – Potato Release between 1952-2014Share of CIP-related releases

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19

52

19

54

19

56

19

58

19

60

19

62

19

64

19

66

19

68

19

70

19

72

19

74

19

76

19

78

19

80

19

82

19

84

19

86

19

88

19

90

19

92

19

94

19

96

19

98

20

00

20

02

20

04

20

06

20

08

20

10

20

12

20

14

Total NARS CIP

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – Potato Release 2015By Abiotic and Biotic Traits

0

2

4

6

8

10

1219

52

195

8

196

2

196

4

196

7

196

9

197

1

197

3

197

6

197

8

198

0

198

2

198

4

198

6

198

8

199

0

199

2

199

4

199

6

199

8

200

0

200

2

200

4

200

6

200

8

201

0

201

2

201

4

Freq

ue

ncy

YearHeat Drought Frost

0

10

20

30

40

50

19

52

19

58

19

62

19

64

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

76

19

78

19

80

19

82

19

84

198

6

19

88

19

90

19

92

19

94

19

96

19

98

20

00

20

02

20

04

20

06

20

08

20

10

20

12

20

14

Freq

uen

cy

YearLate Blight Bacterial wilt X-virus Y-virus S-virus Leafcurl Nematode

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – Potato Adoption in 2015Area (ha) and share of improved and CIP-related varieties

PakistanIndiaChinaNepalBangladeshVietnamIndonesiaPhilippines

2

Total area:Improved:CIP-related:

IndiaChinaNepalBangladeshVietnamIndonesiaPakistan

334,242

1.58M

205,000

462,030

4.97M

25,000

75,772

7%

0%34%

<1%

25%

8%

3%

100%79%

80%

87%

100%

100%

97%7.65 Mha7.40 Mha (97%)1.43 Mha (19%)

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – Potato Adoption 2015Percentage of high resistant varieties

PakistanIndiaChinaNepalBangladeshVietnamIndonesiaPhilippines

2

IndiaChinaNepalBangladeshVietnamIndonesiaPakistan

Drought

FrostHeatLateBlightBacterialWiltX-virusY-virusS-virusNematodeLeafCurl

DFHLBBW

XYSNLC

0.20.050.10.150.13 0.28

0.090.090.230.18

DHLBXYN

0.030.030.01

0.020.010.01

LB 0.06LC 0.05

LB 0.01

N 0.05X 0.28 H

0.010.02

HLB

334,242 205,000

1.58M

4.97M

25,000

75,772

Earliness (75-90 days)

E

E

E

EEE 0.06

0.06

0.130.15

0.02

462,0300.04

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Results – 15 mega varieties

Rank

2015Country Variety Name Source

Estimated

area

Share of

total (%)

Rank

2007Trend

1 China Kexin No. 1 NARS-developing 716,297 0.094 1 =

2 India Kufri Pukhraj NARS-developing 521,376 0.068 17 ↑

3 China Favorita NARS-developed 489,879 0.064 12 ↑

4 China Mira NARS-developed 430,502 0.056 4 =

5 India, Nepal Kufri Jyoti NARS-developing 343,810 0.045 3 ↓

6 India Kufri Bahar NARS-developing 272,642 0.036 2 ↓

7 China Weiyu No.3 NARS-developing 271,111 0.035 11 ↓

8 China Hui-2 NARS-developing 262,107 0.034 9 ↑

9Bangladesh, India,

Nepal, PakistanCardinal NARS-developed 184,698 0.024 25 ↑

10 China Zhuangshu No.3 NARS-developing 167,880 0.022 .. ↑

11 China Cooperation 88 NARS-CIP 164,328 0.022 13 ↑

12 China E-potato No.5 NARS-CIP 155,200 0.021 .. ↑

13 China Longshu No.3 NARS-CIP 149,280 0.020 7 ↓

14

Bangladesh,

PakistanAsterix NARS-developed 147,871 0.020 .. ↑

15

Bangladesh, India,

Pakistan, VietnamDiamant NARS-developed 138,231 0.019 5 ↓

Source: SIAC survey and Thiele et al. (2008)

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Conclusions

Source: SIAC survey and Thiele et al. (2008)

• CIP and national crop-genetic research have significantly contributed –

both with an increasing trend – to the development of high-yielding

varieties with resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• CIP has had most impact in China where about 25% of the area is planted

to CIP-related varieties. In doing so, CIP has contributed to the

strengthening of NARS.

• But success of C88/Unica replicable?

• Breeding is no panacea for success. In Bangladesh, for instance, many

varieties are released but take up is limited. Development of new varieties

needs to go alongside investments in effective distribution system and

taking into account farmer preferences. A better understanding of socio-

economic factors is an important avenue of future research.

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

Thank you!

India - Punjab Bangladesh

India – Uttar PradeshVietnam

Nepal

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

References

SIAC Program Report, July 2016 (click here)

SPIA website (click here)

FAOSTAT (2015) (click here)

Thiele, G. et al. 2008. Varietal change in potatoes in developing countries and the contribution of the International Potato Center: 1972-2007. Lima, CIP. Working Paper No. 6, 46 pp. (click here)

OPEN ACCESS

http://dx.doi.org/10.21223/P3/2UOG9I (release potato)

http://dx.doi.org/10.21223/P3/HGAEAM (adoption potato)