ORACIONES DE RELATIVO

UNIDAD 23

RELATIVE CLAUSES

En este Power Point, vamos a estudiar las ORACIONES DE RELATIVO ó RELATIVE CLAUSES en inglés.

Para ello, voy a dividir la explicación en 4 PARTES:

PARTE 1: ¿A QUÉ LLAMAMOS PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS?

PARTE 2: ORACIONES DE RELATIVO ESPECÍFICATIVAS (¡¡¡NO SE PUEDEN SUPRIMIR!!!)

PARTE 3: ORACIONES DE RELATIVO EXPLICATIVAS (¡¡¡SÍ SE PUEDEN SUPRIMIR PORQUE NO SON RELEVANTES NI NECESARIAS!!!)

PARTE 4: EJERCICIOS SOBRE LAS ORACIONES DE RELATIVO

1. PRONOMBRES DE RELATIVO Para personas tenemos: “who”, “that” ( cuando el

antecedente funciona como sujeto de la oración de relativo)Graham Bell was the person who/that invented the telephone.

These are the doctors who/that saved my life

También tenemos “whom”, “that” (cuando el antecedente funciona como objeto de la oración de relativo)

The children (whom/who/that) you saw in the school canteen are my students

Para cosas, tenemos “which” y “that”I don't like the books which/that are on this shelf

That is the film which/that was awarded so many Oscars

Cuando queremos indicar posesión, utilizamos “whose”

That is the girl whose father won a magnificient prize Cuando la oración de relativo se refiere a un “lugar”,

utilizamos “where”:

Madrid is the capital where you can visit the Prado Museum

Birmingham is the city where Jim was born.

2.Oraciones de Relativo Especificativas

Las oraciones de relativo especificativas, DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES, añaden información esencial y definen EL LUGAR, LA PERSONA ó EL OBJETO a los que se refiere el hablante. Pueden ser sujeto y objeto de la frase:

COMO SUJETO:

The person who/that helps a doctor is called a nurse.

The insect which/that bit her was a mosquito.

That's the man whose family is on holidays.

COMO OBJETO:

The soldiers (whom/who/that) we saw at the station have just come from the war.

The tomatoes (which/that) they've bought are very ripe.

The lady whose overcoat you stained yesterday is very upset.

2.Oraciones de Relativo Especificativas En las oraciones de relativo especificativasoraciones de relativo especificativas debemos de tener en cuenta los siguientes aspectos:

1) No hay comas que separen la oración de relativo del resto:

The person who/that helps a doctor is called a nurse.

2) El pronombre de relativo PUEDE OMITIRSE cuando funciona como OBJETO, bien sea OBJETO DIRECTO u OBJETO INDIRECTO, o como complemento preposicional de la oración de relativo. En este caso la preposición se coloca detrás del verbo u objeto directo si lo hay. La preposición se desplaza al final de la frase

Juan is the man we were talking to downstairs.

Sofía is the girl we had lunch with.

3) En inglés formal y escrito, las dos frases anteriores serían:

Juan is the man to whom we were talking downstairs.

Sofía is the girl with whom we had lunch.

4) “That” puede usarse para sustituir a “who” ó “which”.

5) “Whom” es la forma de objeto que corresponde a “who” y se suele emplear SÓLO EN INGLÉS ESCRITO Y FORMAL. En los demás casos se utiliza “who” o “that”.

6) “What” puede usarse también como pronombre relativo significando “lo que”:

She offered us what she had (Ella nos ofreció lo que tenía). Pero: She offered us all that she had (Ella nos ofreció todo lo que tenía)

3.Oraciones de Relativo Explicativas

En las oraciones de relativo explicativas oraciones de relativo explicativas proporcionan INFORMACIÓN ADICIONAL A LA PRESENTADA por la oración principal, pero esta información podría omitirse sin afectar en absoluto al significado de la frase. La información aportada NO ES NECESARIA ni TAMPOCO ES RELEVANTE.

1) Estas oraciones suelen ir entre comas:

Brad Pitt, who is an American actor, has starred in many important films.

My computer, which I bought at a reduced price, isn't working very well.

Melanie Griffith, whose mother starred in Hitchcock's film The Birds, is married to Antonio Banderas.

También puede haber una coma solamente delante de la oración de relativo cuando esta se encuentra al final de la frase:

Lisa was born in Hove, where her family still lives

2) Los pronombres relativos NUNCA PUEDEN OMITIRSE en estas oraciones

3) “WHO” ó “WHICH” NO pueden ser reemplazados por el pronombre relativo “that”

4) “WHICH” puede utilizarse en lugar de una oración completa.

They went on holiday in November, which surprised us a lot.

EXERCISES1. Complete the sentences below with the correct relative pronoun.

a) Brigitte Bardot is a French actress _________ has fought for many years to protect animal rights.

b) The fox is an animal _______ can be seen in many British cities.

c) Kate is the girl _________ mother bought a rabbit from the pet shop next door.

d) The office______ I work is a branch of the RSPCA.

e) Charlie is the hamster ________ spends all day eating.

f) Mr Forrester is the butcher ___________ had his shop window smashed by ALF members.

2. In which of the sentences below can we omit the relative pronoun?

a) Is that the woman who threw stones at the window?

b) The girl that I was talking to loves pets.

c) The book which I bought yesterday is about wild animals

d) My friend Simon is the boy whose mother is a professor of biology

e)Do you remember the people who arrived late to the party last night?

f) Have you seen the case where I keep my sunglasses?

EXERCISES

3. Join each pair of sentences with a defining relative clause. Omit the pronoun where possible.

a) Last week I bought a book. It's a bestseller.

b) This is the book. I found the information in it.

c) We like people. Well, only if they are honest.

d) I didn't recognise the girl. I talked to her.

e) She hasn't given me back the money. She borrowed it from me last month.

f) Have you seen the glasses? They were on the top shelf.

EXERCISES

4. Join each pair of sentences using non-defining relative clauses

a) Fur coats are very popular among wealthy women. They produce indignation among animal lovers.

b) My English friends live in Birmingham. They are members of Greenpeace.

c) Henry is very fond of pets. He's got two dogs, a cat, a tortoise and three budgies.

d) My brother studied biology. He works in a laboratory.

e) Westminster Abbey is close to the Houses of Parliament. It is one of the most famous churches in Britain.

f) Fiesta was written by Ernest Hemingway. It is also called The Sun Also Rises