reinhard beer the jet propulsion laboratory california institute of technology pasadena, ca, usa on...

Reinhard BeerReinhard BeerThe Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of TechnologyCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USAPasadena, CA, USA

on behalf of the entire PanFTS teamon behalf of the entire PanFTS team

Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS)

for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events

(GEO-CAPE) and theGlobal Atmospheric Chemistry (GACM) Missions

Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS)

for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events

(GEO-CAPE) and theGlobal Atmospheric Chemistry (GACM) Missions

© 2009 California Institute of Technology. US Government sponsorship acknowledged

2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 2

The JPL PanFTS TeamStanley Sander, Principal InvestigatorStanley Sander, Principal InvestigatorReinhard Beer, Science Plan, Instrument DesignReinhard Beer, Science Plan, Instrument DesignJean-Francois Blavier, Instrument ScientistJean-Francois Blavier, Instrument ScientistKevin Bowman, Science PlanKevin Bowman, Science PlanAnnmarie Eldering, Science Plan, GEO-CAPE Science TeamAnnmarie Eldering, Science Plan, GEO-CAPE Science TeamDavid Rider, FPA Acquisition / Development, In-Pixel ROIC ACT PIDavid Rider, FPA Acquisition / Development, In-Pixel ROIC ACT PIGeoffrey Toon, Instrument DesignGeoffrey Toon, Instrument DesignWesley Traub, Instrument DesignWesley Traub, Instrument DesignJohn Worden, Science PlanJohn Worden, Science PlanDmitriy Bekker, Data System DesignDmitriy Bekker, Data System DesignMatthew Heverly, Scan Mechanism DevelopmentMatthew Heverly, Scan Mechanism DevelopmentRobby Stephenson, Scan Mechanism AnalysisRobby Stephenson, Scan Mechanism AnalysisParker Fagrelius, Science Plan, Systems EngineeringParker Fagrelius, Science Plan, Systems EngineeringBruce Hancock, Vis ROIC DevelopmentBruce Hancock, Vis ROIC DevelopmentTom Cunningham, Vis FPA DevelopmentTom Cunningham, Vis FPA DevelopmentRichard Key, Task ManagementRichard Key, Task Management


GEO-CAPE Science Goals

Conclusions from Key Assessment Reports

“Air quality measurements are urgently needed to understand the complex consequences of increasing anthropogenic pollutant emissions both regionally and globally. The current observation system for air quality is inadequate.”

- NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey (2007)

“The ability to observe the boundary layer from space is a major priority for air quality applications”. - Report from the Community Workshop on Air Quality Monitoring from Space (Boulder, CO, 2006)

GEO-CAPE Mission Requirements• Measure air pollutants such as ozone and aerosols• Improve air quality forecasts “through assimilation of chemical data, monitoring

pollutant emissions and accidental releases, and understanding pollution transport on

regional to intercontinental scales.”• Cover North & South America from -45o to +50o latitude with 7 km resolution “at about

hourly intervals” (air quality)• Cover coastal oceans with a steerable imaging spectrometer with 250-m spatial

resolution and 300 km field of view (ocean biogeochemistry)• Longitude range is therefore 30o W to 140o W with the spacecraft positioned in

geostationary orbit near 85 W longitude.


The PanFTS Approach

The Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) is a NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) funded development to build and demonstrate a single instrument capable of meeting or exceeding all GEO-CAPE/GACM requirements. The PanFTS design combines measurement capabilities for IR (e.g. TES) and UV-Vis (e.g., OMI) in a single package (including full spatial coverage), plus the ability to measure ocean color .


Combining UV-Vis-IR Improves Vertical Resolution

From Worden et al, GRL 2007


The IR is sensitive to the boundary layer when concentrations and air-surface contrasts are high

Vertical and horizontal snap-shots of TES CO (upper left),TES O3 (lower left), OMI aerosol optical depth (upperright) and OMI NO2 (lower right) during a So. Calif. wild-fire episode.

Enhancements in boundarylayer O3 and CO are clearlyindicated.

Combined UV-Vis-IR retrievals will reveal boundarylayer features such as these.


PanFTS Spectral Coverage

PanFTS

TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY

PanFTS

TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY

Wide spectral coverage(0.27 – 14 m) permitssimultaneous observationsBy reflected sunlight andThermal emission (day/night)

PollutantsO3, CO, NO2, HCHO, NH3

Greenhouse GasesCO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O

TracersHDO, N2O, O2, O4

Ocean Color250 m pixel size:visible channel

PanFTS will combine theFunctionality of severalInstruments e.g. TES,GOSAT, SCHIAMACHY


PanFTS Measurement Capabilities(Shaded Green)

Scientific Issues from the Decadal Survey

NA

SA

SC

IEN

CE

PLA

N

GA

CM

Geo

-CA

PE

Program Linkage Measurement

O3 (column)

NO2 (column)

HCHO (column)

SO2 (column)

BrO (column)

CO (profile)

Aerosol Opt. Depth

H2O (profile)

O3 (boundary layer)

NO2 (boundary layer)

NO2 (profile)

HDO (profile)

NH3 (column)

CH3OH (column)

Temperature

Nocturnal Capability

O3 Profile

AQ Forecasting/Human Health

O3 precursor andAerosol Sources

Pollution Transport/Chemical Weather


PanFTS has superior measurement capabilities

InstrumentSpectral Range

(microns)Spectral

Resolution (nm)Horizontal

Resolution (km)Vertical

Resolution (km)

SCIAMACHY

GOME-2

OMI

TES

MOPITT

PanFTS

0.25 – 2.0 0.25 – 0.4 30 x 60 -

0.24 - 0.79 0.24 – 0.53 40 x 40 -

-0.27 – 0.5 0.45 – 1.0 13 x 24

3.2 – 15.4 0.06 cm-1 5.3 x 8.5 3 - 5

2.3, 4.67 (0.1 cm-1) 22 x 22 3 - 5

2 - 30.27 – 14.0 0.05 cm-1 7 x 7


Observational Coverage300 x 300 km FOV

Current imagery like MODIS-AQUA

are days apart

Sept. 2, 2007 12:00:00

Sept. 4, 2007 12:00:00

OMI HCHO Sample Observations

Jan 2007

May 2007

Aug 2007

80o W

45o S

50o N

GEO-CAPE will have two observing modes (1) a wide-field, synoptic mode covering the Earth disk from 50°N to 45°S once per hour with a ground footprint of 7 km at nadir and (2) a narrow-field, special event mode with a 300 x 300 km FOV having a 250 m ground footprint at nadir


From a geostationary orbit near 85o W longitude, observations are accomplished by sequentially imaging ~50 patches (distinguished by different colors in the graphic) for about one minute each with an approximately 900 km X 900 km instantaneous field-of-view using a 128 X 128 pixel array which provides a pixel resolution of approximately 7 km. A 60 µm pixel size and a 5 cm beam diameter provide the étendue required to achieve S/N ~ 100 at a spectral resolution of 0.05 cm-1.

900 km x 900 km ground swath patch

128x128 FPA

Spectra in pixel

PanFTS Observing Scenario


Optical Schematic

LASE

R

LASER DETECTOR

ULTRAVIOLETDETECTOR

TWO STACKEDOAP’S

MID-INFRAREDDETECTOR

NEAR-INFRAREDDETECTOR

VISIBLEDETECTOR

TWO STACKEDINPUT BEAMS

IR ON TOPUV-VIS ON BOTTOM

MIRROR

SC ANNING MIRROR@MOPD @ZPD

SCAN MECHANISM@MID-POINT

FIXED MIRROR

STACKEDBEAMSPLITTERS

STACKEDCOMPENSATORS

DICHROICS


SUMMARY

• A “table-top” prototype of Pan FTS is under construction at JPL– it will feature sub-arrays of detectors but will

help in determining how to cope with the ultimate, very high, data rate (including on-board processing)

• In 2011, the completed instrument will be tested over the Los Angeles basin from an existing site at Mt. Wilson (1742 m)


25-26 June 2009

California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California, USA

Panchromatic Retrieval Workshop

For further information, please contact [email protected]

reinhard beer the jet propulsion laboratory california institute of technology pasadena, ca, usa on...

Documents

air quality monitoring

panfts design

air quality forecasts

air quality applications

spectrometer panfts

air pollution events

science plan dmitriy

science plan annmarie