reign of the dem-republicans
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Reign of the Dem-Republicans. Jefferson, Madison & Monroe. APUSH Mr. Buttell Key Concept 4.1 Part I-II. Mudslingers. Federalists are upset with the failed war with France. Mudslinging towards Jefferson becomes focal point of 1800 campaign - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Jefferson, Madison & Monroe
REIGN OF THE DEM-REPUBLICANS
APUSH Mr. ButtellKey Concept 4.1 Part I-II
Federalists are upset with the failed war with France.
Mudslinging towards Jefferson becomes focal point of 1800 campaign
“Whispering Campaign” – fathered mulatto children, alleged atheist, bibles in
well.
MUDSLINGERS
ELECTION OF 1800
Jefferson won 73-65 over Adams but tied with Burr
his running mate.Tie moved the election to
House of Reps.House controlled by
FederalistsHamilton/Adams help
convince an end to gridlock12th Amend. Fixes this
problem in futureFederalist party slowly
disintegrates
GRIDLOCK IN THE ELECTION
To Jefferson, the Federalists had
betrayed the ideals of the RevolutionRestore the
republican experiment
Check the growth of government power
Halt decay of virtue.The transition was monumental because it was so peaceful and
orderly.Experiment in democracy was
working.
REVOLUTION OF 1800
New capital of D.C. March 4, 1801
Precedent of sending messages to congress by a
clerk.Scholarly citizen Jefferson, had trouble with, harassed
public official JeffersonMany look for turnover in appointed officials, many
were saddenedFederalists begin to fade, as does the D.R. reason to stay
united
THE MODERATE PRESIDENT
Pardoned those serving sentences under Sedition ActNaturalization Law of 1802 reduced the 14-year residency
requirement back to 5Albert Gallatin as Sec. of Treasury keeps many Hamilton
policies including the bank and tariffRepeals the Excise Tax
Debt was bad; Gallatin reduced $83m in 1801 to $45m by 1812
Jefferson restraint helps with party transition
JEFFERSONIAN RESTRAINT
Judiciary Act of 1801 passed before Adams left
office16 new federal judgeshipsAdams signed 3 the night
before he left office.
“Midnight Judges”D.R. Congress looked to
repeal the act and stall appointment of judges.
William Marbury sued the federal govt. for his appt.
THE JUDICIARY
Chief Justice John Marshall dismissed his suit
Marbury had right to the appt., but court did not have
power to enforce it.First time Supreme Court has
used Judicial Review and defined court’s authority to
review legislationKY and VA Resolution tried to
do this at the state level and failed
Judicial Branch is now as strong as the other two
branches
MARBURY V. MADISON
First action, reduce the military
Peaceful coercion is bestBarbary Pirates attacking US merchant ships in Med.Mini-war with Pasha of
TripoliJefferson sends in small
naval fleetTreaty of Tripoli signed after 4 years of fighting
JEFFERSON, A RELUCTANT WARRIOR
Jefferson sent J. Monroe and R. Livingston to Paris to
negotiate the sale of New Orleans and land to the east
for $10 millionIf this failed, an alliance
with Britain would be neededNapoleon had failed to
reclaim Haiti and wanted to end his lull with Britain.
Money Talks!!!How much for everything?$15 million for the whole
thingSenate approved, US doubled
LOUISIANA
LEWIS AND CLARK AND SACAJAWEA
Hamilton exposes Burr’s involvement with extremist Federalists secession plans
Burr challenges Hamilton to duel and kills him with one
shotBurr fled and joined up with General Wilkinson of the LA
TerritoryPlanned to attack Mexico
and FLBurr caught and tried for treason but found not-guilty
by John Marshall
WHERE IN THE WORLD IS AARON BURR???
Too weak to go to warEurope needs us so badly we will
stop selling goods/food to themEmbargo Act of 1807 passedNorthern harbors filled with
abandoned ships, unemployment skyrocketed
Southern farmers had stockpiles of un-exportable goods
Illicit trade begins along the Canadian border
Federalist party reviving, Congress repeals Act three days
before Jefferson’s retirement
THE HATED EMBARGO
Underestimated the determination of British.Bumper crops blessed the British IslesLatin America opened door to trade.
Napoleon had Europe under control and could tighten his belt.
French seized American shipsEmbargo wasn’t tight enough to achieve net results.
Leaky embargo was costly
WHY DID EMBARGO ACT FAIL???
YES!!! Yankee ingenuity forced us
to open new factories and reopen old ones.
America’s industrial might was laid behind the
protective wall of the embargo, Non-Intercourse
Act and War of 1812 Jefferson the critic of
factories did more for American business than
Hamilton????
ANY GOOD OUT OF THE EMBARGO???
Presidential Election of 1808
Assumes presidency March 4, 1809
Factions in his own party and Cabinet
Congress dismantles Embargo Act and replaces
with other worthless economic restrictions.
Republican congressmen from the West were certain that Britain was to blame
for all their economic woes.
PRESIDENT MADISON’S GAMBLE
Dolly Madison: The President’s Greatest
Asset
12th Congress brings in new “hot heads” from South and West dubbed “war hawks”
Angry about impressment Renewed Indian threat out West
Tecumseh and Teskwatawa – The Prophet (Shawnee
brothers) formed confederacy of tribes east of Mississippi
Tecumseh urged not to cede land to whites unless all agreed
War Hawks felt Canada was helping them with weapons
TECUMSEH AND THE PROPHET
“War Hawks”
Henry Clay [KY]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
Britain arming hostile Indians
Rallying cry of the War Hawks “On to Canada, On to
Canada” Southern expansionist looking at a weak Spanish
Florida Assertion of American rights
is inevitable Madison asks Congress to
declare war on June 1, 1812 Federalists in North were
horrified!! Here we go again!!!!
MR. MADISON’S WAR
Invasion of Canada fails, ends in retreat to Detroit
1813, American raiders burn Toronto
Commodore O. Perry defeats a small British flotilla on Lake
Eerie Gen. William H. Harrison wins
at the Battle of Thames, kills Tecumseh
1814, Brits fight back, attacking Washington City, burning the
Capitol and White House In the South, Jackson wins at
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
MR. MADISON’S WAR
PEACE AND VICTORY
By 1815, Britain wanted peace, and began peace talks
at Ghent, BelgiumSigned on Christmas Eve 1814, retained the prewar
bordersFinal victory on January 8,
1815 in Battle of New Orleans.
Brits lost 700 men, and 2,000 wounded, just 13 Americans died and 58
woundedJackson becomes national
heroVictory undercuts the
Hartford Convention demands for change
McCulloch v. Maryland Federal state bank branches refused to pay tax, infringed
on national powersGibbons v. Ogden struck
down NY law giving monopoly on steamboat service from NYC to NJ;
congress control interstate commerce
Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth v. Woodward
both cases dealt with obligations of contract and
prohibited states from impairing those contracts
THE FEDERALIST LEGACY
J. Q. Adams – son of Federalist and negotiated the Treaty of
Ghent. Served as Sec. of State under
Pres. Monroe Negotiated Rush-Bagot Treaty
limiting naval battles on the Great Lakes region
In 1818, negotiated the 49th parallel as border between Canada and LA Purchase
1819, Adams-Onis Treaty, persuaded Spain to cede FL to
the U.S. in return for TX to Spain
1823, The Monroe Doctrine, written by J. Q. Adams,
declared all European powers to stay out of W. Hemisphere
SEC. OF STATE JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
After 2 decades of consensus between party leaders, the Era of Good
Feelings is ushered inThe Republican party split
between the National Faction (old Federalists) led
by Clay and J. Q. AdamsThe Jeffersonian Faction (old Dem-Republicans) led by Van Buren and Jackson
This will result in two new parties and the death of the
original Federalists
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS