rehabilitating and troubleshooting … operations/2015 plant ops...rehabilitating gravity filters...
TRANSCRIPT
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Rehabilitating Gravity Filters
Using the Dual Parallel Lateral Underdrain
Thomas M. Getting, P. E., BCEE
Principal Engineer-Filtration
Nelson Bareis
Matt Harrison
Sherwood-Logan and Associates
804-560-5410
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Types of Rehabilitation
• Filtration Theory
• Underdrain Types
• Water to Air/water Backwash Comparison
• Mal-Distribution
• Flume Types and Air Introduction
• Rehabilitation
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Gravity Granular Filters
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Types of Filter Rehabilitation
• Media replacement
• Component repair
- Rebuilding agitators; replacing valves, actuators, etc.
• Updating instrumentation
- Automating, adding particle counters, etc.
• Converting from water only backwash to air/water backwash
• Complete replacement
- New underdrain, media, valves, actuators, troughs, instrumentation, etc.
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Granular Media Filtration
Filtration
• The passage of water through a porous medium for the physical removal of
suspended solids
• Sometimes with biological removal
Filter Process: Semi-Batch Operation
• Filling and clogging of the interstitial voids of the media and then washing the
solids out
- Void volume is approximately 45%
- Maximum void volume available for removal of particles is approximately 10%
for hydroxide flocc
- Example: 100 cubic centimeters x 0.45 x .10 = 4.5 cubic centimeters
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Methods of Particle Removal
Straining
• particle removal size 20% of smallest media grains
• 500 microns (0.5 mm) x 0.20 = 100 micron removal (0.004”)
Nonstraining (non-settleable)
• particles must be coagulated and properly condition
• color, silt, microscopic organisms & organic matter
• Giardia & Cryptosporidium cysts - 3 to 15 microns
• Colloidal dispersions - 1 to 500 millimicrons (0.5 micron)
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Particle Size
Comparison
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Particle Removal Mechanisms
Mechanical Adsorption
Biological Growth
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2014 Safety Awards-
5th Place
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Single Pass Systems
Dual Parallel by Leopold
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Dual Parallel Lateral Underdrains
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TYPE XA UD
13
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How the Dual Parallel Lateral Works
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Water
Recovery
Channel
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Baffle Reduces Level Sensitivity
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2014 Safety Awards- 4th Place
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Air-water Interface
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Type SL
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Nozzle Air Pattern
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Nozzles with Sand/Anthracite
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16’ Type SL with IMS Cap
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Types of Backwash
• Water only-least effective is fluidize and flush
• Water only with surface agitators
• Sequential air then water
• Concurrent air with water then high rate water
• Sustained air/water- must be careful to not degrade media or
get it too clean to cause long ripening times
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Typical Water Only Backwash
Fluidize and flush
Surface agitators to break up mud balls
Agitators increase scrubbing action1-2 gpm/sf surface wash rate
15 to 20 gpm/sf backwash rate
20 to 30 percent bed expansion (check
that existing backwash system is
adequate)
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Typical Air/Water Backwash
Minimizes formation of mud balls
Concurrent wash has air/water combined
step followed by high water-considered
the best backwash method
Sequential wash has air followed by high
rate water
3-4 scfm/sf typical air rate
5 gpm/sf typical water rate with air
~20 gpm/sf typical backwash rate (check
that existing backwash system is
adequate)
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AWWARF-Optimum Backwash of Dual Media Filters and GAC Adsorbers with Air Scour
by Amirtharajah, McNeily, Page, and McLeod-Ga. Tech.
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Backwash Comparison at Decatur, IL
Air & Water
Air Only
5 scfm/sf 2 min
Air/Water
5 scfm/5 gpm 2 min
Water Purge
5 gpm/sf 2 min
Water Wash
20 gpm/sf 6 min
Low Wash
5 gpm/sf 1 min
Total - 145 gal/sf
Water Only
Surface Wash
High Wash
20 gpm/sf 13.5 min
Low Wash
5 gpm/sf 1 min
Total - 275 gal/sf
45 % Less
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2014 Safety Awards- 3rd Place
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Underdrain InstallationLowering into Filter Cell
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Underdrain InstallationAir Header Piping and Anchor Rods
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Underdrain InstallationLaterals Stacked Waiting for Installation
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Underdrain InstallationInstalling the Laterals
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Underdrain InstallationFinished Installation
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Filter Maldistribution
Definition
• It is the percent difference in flow from one part of a filter to another
Recommended Maldistribution Limits
• Backwash Water: +/- 5% across the filter
• Air Scour: +/- 10% across the filter
Sources of Maldistribution
• Backwash Inlet Pipe
• Flume
• Underdrain
• Filter Media
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Filter Maldistribution
Before Correction
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Filter Maldistribution After Correction
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Backwash Inlet & Flume Velocity
Recommendations
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2014 Safety Awards-2nd Place
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Austin, TX
Challenge
Unique filter layout with
distribution problems
Requirement for <5% total
variation in flow distribution
Solution?
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CFD to validate solution
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Backwash Pipe Inlet Baffle
High Inlet Velocity Energy Reduction
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Underdrain Maldistribution
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Filter Media & Underdrain Headloss
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Effect of Backwash Mal-distribution on Filter Media Cleaning in Backwash Mode
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Effect of Backwash Maldistribution on Filter Performance in Filtering Mode
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Air Introduction
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Air Introduction
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“H” Flume
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Flat Bottom Flume
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What is a Flat Bottom Flume?
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Center Flume
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Air Introduction
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2014 Safety Awards-
1st Place
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Rehabilitation
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Rehabilitation
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Rehab of Wheeler Filter
Wilson WTP, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Wilson WTP, Little Rock, Arkansas
Cored Holes for Air
Shelf Support Angle
2’
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Air & Water Wall Feed
“L” Flume Block with External Anchors
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Existing Wall Openings
Adapt to existing wall openings:
size, spacing and elevation
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Orifice Plate
and Offset Wall
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Orifice plate with variable openings
Flume Entry
1 2 3 4 5
Direction of Flow
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BEER CAN SAVE LIVES!!!
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Questions??
Leopold, a xylem brand
227 S. Division Street
Zelienople, PA 16063
724/452-6300 www.fbleopold.com