Regulating of Urban Land Use in Flood Prone Areas

Resilient cities 2013 The 4th global forum on urban resilience and adaptation

31st May- 2 June, Bonn, Germany.

Plnr. Indu S. Weerasoori

Project Manager - DRR

UN-Habitat - Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka

• It is a tropical Island in the Indian ocean.

• The land area is 65,610 sq.Km

• Population is 2.5 million

• Mean temperature ranges from 17 °C in central highlands to a maximum of 33 °C in other low-altitude areas.

• Average yearly temperature ranges from 28 °C to nearly 31 °C . Day and night temperatures may vary by 14 °C to 18 °C .

• Divers topographic features

• With two annual Monsoons(South-West, North-East)

• Annual rain fall- 900mm- 5000 mm

Batticaloa

Balangoda

Colombo

Distance : 135 km (3 hours)

Distance : 300 km (6 hours)

Key Partners in Regulating Urban Land Use

• National physical Planning Department(NPPD)

-National physical plan and policy

-Regional Plan

• Urban Development Authority( UDA)

- Integrated Development plan for Declared areas

• Ministry of Local Government and Local Authority

- Local Government Policy and delegated powers from UDA

• Ministry of Lands

- Land use policy.

• Department of Coast conservation .

-Management of Coastal areas.

LOCATION OF BATTICALOA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AREA

Source: Google earth, May 18, 2013

OVERVIEW OF BATTICALOA TOWN

• Location : 314 km from Colombo on the east

coast (Coastal Town)

• District capital : Batticaloa district

• Status of the local Authority : Municipal

Council

• Annual rainfall: 864 to 3,081mm

• North – East monsoon: During October to

January

• Mean Annual Temperature: 32° C

• Land Area :75.09km2

• Shoreline :4km

• Elevation 1.2m to 4.0m (MSL)

• Population: 94609

• Economic Base: Agriculture (Paddy and

Fishery)

LAND USE IN 2012

Risk

Zone

Hazard Type

1 Flood, Cyclone

2 Flood, Tsunami,

Cyclone

3 Flood, Cyclone

4 Flood, Cyclone

5 Flood, Cyclone

6 Tsunami, Cyclone,

Flood

7 Flood, Cyclone

1

3 7

6

5

4

2

Hazard Period of

Occurrence Return Period Locations Year & Month

Flood

Flash floods

North – East Monsoon period

(December – April)

Every year Thiraimadu Saththurukondan Amirthakali Dutch Bar Navalady Manjjannthoduvai Navatkuudahh

Puthunagar Thimilathivu Veechikalmunai Sathukam PalameenMaduPuliyanthivu

50-75m surrounding area of

lagoon

Not Available

Minor floods

(100 – 150mm) 3 – 5 years

2004 / September 1997 / March 1994 / January 1994 / November 1993 / December 1989 / September 1987 / February 1986 / January 1980 / November

1971 / January

Major floods

(150 – 250mm) 10 – 20 years

2009 / December 1999 / December 1978 / December

1957

Cyclones Cyclonic Storms 30 years High impact to Costal Belt 1967, 1931

Cyclones 30 years Moderate impact to Entire BMC Area

1907, 1978 , 2000

Sea Level Rise

(Coastal Erosion)

Frequently occurs Frequently occurs

Coastal areas of Navalady Dutch Bar, Thiruchendhoor

Nochchimunai, Palameenmad Not Available

Tsunami Unpredictable Unpredictable Coastal Belt 2004 / December

HAZARD IN AND AROUND THE CITY

Zoning Map of Batticaloa MC

2012

Water Body

Road Network

Tools & Toolkits - Zoning Plan and It ‘s Rules and

Regulations - Sub Divisions of Land - Planning & Building

Regulations - Guide plan/ Urban Design - Layout & Building Design - Environmental & Landscape

Plan - EIA/ IEA/ SEA

Flood Risk Areas

Reservations of lagoons should be maintained 10M from the permanent vegetation line.

Reservations maintained 3M from main canals

Flood Protection – Through Zoning Guidelines

10m 3m

Canal

Flood protection systems

control the Lagoon overflow –

guidelines and design

Building Guidelines

REGULATING URBAN LAND USE IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN BALANGODA

‘Dorawela Oya’ rehabilitation and Urban Flood Management Project

• Balangoda is a small township located in Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka.

• Local Authority: Balangoda Urban Council

• Area: 16.2 km2

• Population : 35,835 (Sinhalese - 56%, Tamil - 20% , Muslim - 24%)

• Population Growth rate: 1.2

• Avg. Population density - 2214 per 1km2

• Annual Rainfall - 2100mm

• Economic Base: Agriculture (Tea, Paddy) , Gem mining..)

OVERVIEW

LOCATION

Source: Google earth, January 18, 2013

‘DORAWELA OYA’ REHABILITATION AND URBAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT

1st Phase

Aims on.. 1. River Bank Stabilization 2. Flood reduction 3. Landscape enhancement

LAND USE GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS

• Preliminary planning clearance should be obtained from UDA/ LA.

• Leisure activities are

encouraged in the area

• Promote Water Front recreational activities.

• No any residential building Within buffer zone.

• Separate regulations for

waste water disposal. (Domestic waste water treatment unit is compulsory in buildings in the area)

LAND USE GUIDELINES (Contd.)

• Commercial uses are restricted along the bypass road

• Storm water Drainage master plan is enforced

• Regulations for Foundation level of the buildings

(erection of foundation level pegs).

Conclusion

• Urbanization is not an exceptional for these cities. • Land scarcity is a very acute problem. • Own Land has a sentimental value. • Relocation is very sensitive and a challenging task. • Single institute could not regulate land in flood prone

area. • It is a teamwork of multidisciplinary team. • Enforcement of regulation is not easy without legal

framework, political will and awareness. • Continuous awareness should be done for all the level Including political Authority

Acknowledgment

• Urban Development Authority • University of Moratuwa

• UN-HABITAT • Municipal Council of Batticaloa

• Urban Council of Balangoda

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION