Updated the 5th of March 2019

Regional gap in GDP per capita, 2000-14 Unemployment rate, 15-64 years old, 2007-16

Regional economic disparities showed the largest reduction among OECD countries since 2010. Between 2010 and 2016, the region with the lowest GDP per capita in the country, Araucanía, grew by 5.8% per year in terms of GDP per capita, while in Antofagasta, the richest region, GDP per capita decreased by 4% per year during the same period. Although regional economic disparities between the richest and poorest 20% of regions decreased by 38% in 2000-2016, Chile still has larger regional disparities than the average of OECD countries.

The unemployment rate of 6.8% in Chile was close to OECD average in 2016. Regionally, differences in unemployment have narrowed since 2009, but remain significant. The unemployment rate in Atacama was twice as high as in Los Lagos in 2016.

Index of regional disparity in GDP per capita, 2016

Source: OECD Regional Database. Notes: (1) Figure on regional gap in GDP per capita: OECD regions refer to the administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Chile is composed of 15 large regions. (2) Figure on index of regional disparity: top (bottom) 20% regions are defined as those with the highest (lowest) GDP per capita until the equivalent of 20% of national population is reached, this indicator provides a harmonised measure to rank OECD countries, using data for small regions (Territorial Level 3) when available.

Chile

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

2000 2005 2010 2016

GDP per capita in USD PPP

Low est region

Araucanía

Highest region

Antofagasta

10 139 USD

Second highest region

Atacama 25 214 USD

52 686 USD

21 257 USDChile

OECD

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2007 2012 2016

rate (% )

Lowest rateLos Lagos

Highest rateAtacama

4.1%

8.2%

6.8%Chile

1

2

3

4

Top 20 % richest over bottom 20% poorest regionsRatio

Country (number of regions considered)

Small regions(TL3)

Large regions (TL2)

2016 2000

Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 – CHILE http://www.oecd.org/regional

Economic trends in regions

Updated the 5th of March 2019

Relative ranking of the regions with the best and worst outcomes in the 11 well-being dimensions, with respect to all 402 OECD regions. The eleven dimensions are ordered by decreasing regional disparities in the country. Each well-being dimension is measured by the indicators in the table below.

Large regional disparities in Chile are found in the well-being dimensions of environment, life satisfaction and jobs. In each of these dimensions, at least one Chilean region ranks among the top 20% of OECD regions and at least one region among the bottom 20% of OECD regions. All Chilean regions are among the bottom 20% of OECD regions in terms of safety, civic engagement and income.

The high performing Chilean regions fare better than the OECD median region in air pollution, self-assessed life satisfaction and mortality rate. In the low performing regions, the share of households with broadband connection is 35 percentage points lower than the OECD average.

Source: OECD Regional Database. Visualisation: https://www.oecdregionalwellbeing.org. Notes: (1) OECD regions refer to the first administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Chile is composed of 15 large regions. (2) Household income per capita data are based on USD constant PPP, constant prices (year 2010).

Aysén Aysén Aysén

Coquimbo

Coquimbo

Antofagasta

Antofagasta

Magallanes y

Antártica

Magallanes y

Antártica

Santiago

Metropolitan

Santiago

Metropolitan

Santiago

Metropolitan AtacamaArica y

Parinacota Aysén

Antofagasta

Maule

Maule

Aysén TarapacáMagallanes

y Antártica

Arica y

Parinacota

Environment LifeSatisfaction

Jobs Community Health Access toservices

Education Safety Housing CivicEngagement

Income

Top region Bottom region

Rankin

g of

OE

CD

re

gio

ns

(1 to 4

02)

top 2

0%

bottom

20%

mid

dle

60%

SantiagoMetropolitan

Regions

Top 20% Bottom 20%

Environment

Level of air pollution in PM 2.5 (µg/m³), 2015 16.3 12.4 5.9 24.8

Life Satisfaction

Life satisfaction (scale from 0 to 10), 2013 6.4 6.8 7.2 6.3

Jobs

Employment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 62.2 67.7 65.8 58.7

Unemployment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 6.8 5.5 4.7 7.8

Community

Perceived social netw ork support (%), 2013 83.5 91.4 88.2 78.6

Health

Life Expectancy at birth (years), 2016 79.2 80.4 79.7 78.4

Age adjusted mortality rate (per 1 000 people), 2016 8.3 8.1 7.9 9.1

Access to services

Households w ith broadband access (%), 2017 54.0 78.0 63.7 43.1

Education

Labour force w ith at least upper secondary education (%), 2017 68.4 81.7 73.4 57.8

Safety

Homicide Rate (per 100 000 people), 2016 8.9 1.3 7.0 10.0

Housing

Rooms per person, 2016 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.2

Civic engagement

Voters in last national election (%), 2017 or lastest year 46.7 70.9 48.5 42.1

Income

Disposable income per capita (in USD PPP), 2016 6 871 17 695 8 562 5 094

Chilean regionsCountry

Average

OECD median

region

Differences in well-being across regions

Updated the 5th of March 2019

OECD population is concentrated in cities* Percentage of population in cities, 2016

Source: OECD Metropolitan Database. Number of cities: 26 in Chile and 1 138 in the OECD.

In Chile, 76% of the population lives in cities of more than 50 000 inhabitants. The share of population in cities with more than 500 000 people is 51% compared to 55% in the OECD area.

Importance of metropolitan areas Cities above 500 000 people, 2016

Contribution of metropolitan areas to GDP growth Cities above 500 000 people, 2000-16

Metropolitan areas in Chile account for 50% of national GDP. Between 2000 and 2016 they generated 48% of the national GDP growth. The metropolitan area of Santiago accounted for 40% of national GDP growth.

The three Chilean metropolitan areas are among the 20% metropolitan areas with lowest GDP per capita in the OECD. Santiago and Concepción is among the 20% most polluted (in terms of levels of PM 2.5) metropolitan areas across the OECD.

OECD Metropolitan areas ranking Cities above 500 000 people

GDP per capita, 2016

Air pollution (PM2.5), 2017

Source: OECD Metropolitan Database. Number of metropolitan areas with a population of over 500 000: three in Chile compared to 327 in the OECD. * Note: Cities are defined here as functional urban areas, which are composed by high-density urban centres of at least 50 000 people and their areas of influence (commuting zone). For more information, see: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/functionalurbanareasbycountry.htm.

51%

12%

13%

24%

United States

people in citieswith population above 500 000

peopleoutside cities

United States

people in cities withpopulation between50 000 and 250 000

18.2 million people - 76% live in cities

United StatesChile

people in cities with population between 250 000 and 500 000

OECD average

1.2 billion people - 70%live in cities

people in citieswith population

above 500 000

people in cities withpopulation between

50 000 and 250 000

peopleoutside cities

55%

9%

30%

people in cities with populationbetween 250 000 and 500 000

6%

50% 51%

63%58%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% of nationalGDP

% of nationalpopulation

Chile OECD average%

48%

68%

Sa

ntia

go

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2

%

All metropolitan areas Largest contributor

Chile OECD average

32

7 m

etr

op

olit

an

are

as

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000USD PPP

Top 20% richest metropolitan areas

Bottom 20% poorest metropolitan areas

0

10

20

30

Lev el of air pollution in PM 2.5 (µg/m³)

Top 20% least polluted metropolitan areas

Bottom 20% most polluted metropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas in the national economy

Updated the 5th of March 2019

Subnational governments play a subordinate role in Chile in terms of public finance and expenditure. Their expenditure amounts to USD 846 per capita compared to an OECD average of USD 6 817. In Chile, this is equivalent to 0.1% of total public expenditure and to 0.04% of GDP. In comparison, across the OECD, subnational government expenditure accounts for 40.4% of total public expenditure and for 16.2% of GDP.

In Chile, 12.5% of total public investment was carried out by subnational governments compared to an OECD average of 56.9%.

Role of subnational governments in public investment Subnational government public investment per capita, 2016

Source: OECD Subnational Government Structure and Finance Database.

OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018

The 2018 edition of OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance shows how regions and cities contribute to national growth and the well-being of societies. It updates its regular set of region-by-region indicators, examining a wide range of policies and trends and identifying those regions that are outperforming or lagging behind in their country.

Consult this publication on line: https://oe.cd/pub/2n9

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

Total public investmentUSD 549 per capita2.4% of GDP

Total public investmentUSD 1 278 per capita3.0% of GDP

Subnational governmentinvestmentUSD 69 per capita12.5% of public invest.

USD per capita

Subnational government investmentUSD 727 per capita 56.9% of public invest.

OECD averageChile

Subnational government finance