regional planning in india a target area and target group approach by tulika sanadhya
TRANSCRIPT
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Regional Planning in IndiaA Target Area and Target Group Approach
Tulika SanadhyaAssistant Professor
Deptt of Geography
B.R. Ambedkar College
University of Delhi
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Learning Objectives
• To understand the concept of planning
• To understand central planning vis-à-vis regional planning
• To highlight solutions to regional imbalances
• To understand the spatial and social realities with few case studies
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Types of Planning
Based on TimeBased on Time Approach to Solve ProblemApproach to Solve Problem AdministrationAdministration
Short- term
Long- term
Sectoral Aspect
Spatial Regional
DevelopmentDistrict & BlockLevel
Decentralized
National
Centralized
State Level
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Aims of Regional Planning in India
To provide rational solutions to economic problems by coordinating means and the ends
• Increase production
• Achieve full employment
• Reduce poverty and unemployment
• Accelerate economic growth
• Reduce inequalities of wealth and income
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Historical Perspective
Why the need felt for planning and resource inventory ?• Partition of the country- Productive agricultural land
went to east and west Pakistan• Regional disparities on the eve of independence- The
task of bringing the formerly princely states into the mainstream
• Wars with neighboring countries resulted in the break in the normal planning as most of the resources were diverted for defense purposes
• Monsoon failure and consequently decrease in agricultural development
• Oil Crisis
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Phases of Regional Planning Since 1947
First and Second PlansFirst and Second Plans
Third PlanThird Plan
Fourth Plan (1969-74)Fourth Plan (1969-74)
Sixth Plan (1982-87)Sixth Plan (1982-87)
Post 1991Post 1991
Eleventh PlanEleventh Plan
Sectoral BasedSectoral Based
Balanced Regional DevelopmentBalanced Regional Development
Area Development PlanningArea Development Planning
Integrated Rural Development PlanningIntegrated Rural Development Planning
Rao-Manmohan ModelRao-Manmohan Model
Inclusive GrowthInclusive Growth
President A.P.J. Abul Kalam
planning should incorporate the provision of urban amenities
in rural areas to reduce disparities and regional imbalances
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Approaches to Planning in India
• Sectoral Planning – Agriculture, manufacturing, power, transport and communication, social infrastructure and services
• Regional planning – Taking into account region in toto to bring uniform economic development over space
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Strategies to achieve the goals
• Agricultural Development
• Industrialization
• Provision of infrastructural facilities (power,transport and communication)
• Special programmes for the development of backward areas and groups
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Planning Regions
Definition
• Segment of territory or space over which economic decisions apply to attain economic development
• An area that is large enough to enable substantial changes in the distribution of population and employment to take place within its boundaries , yet which is small enough for its planning problems
• Coincide with the administrative regions
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Approach to curb Regional Disparities
1.. Target Area Planning for economically backward areas
• Basis to plan-
1. Resource base
2. Technology
3. Investments
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Approach to curb Social Disparities
2.. Target Group Planning• Programmes Undertaken:
1. Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA)
2. Marginal Farmers Development Agency (MFDA)
3. Tribal Development Agency Projects
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Target Group Programmes for Poverty alleviation & Employment generation
• Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojna
• Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY)
• Sampoorna Grameen Swarojgar Yojna
• Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna
• Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY)• National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
Target Area Programmes
• Hill Area Development
• Command Area Development
• Drought Prone Area
• Integrated Wasteland Development
• Desert Development• Integrated Watershed
Management
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Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur (Uttaranchal) Region
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Pictures:Socio- Economic life of Gaddi Trines
Since 1975• Development of
infrastructure• Increase in literacy
rate• Improvement in sex-
ratio• Decline in child
marriage• Increase in
agricultural output and diversification of crops
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Think Globally and Act Locally
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References• Aggarwal, S.K., and Nath, V.,2009, Regional
Development and Planning in India
• Chand, M and Puri, V.K., 1983, Regional Planning in India, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi
• Chaudhuri, J., 2001, An Introduction to Development and Regional Planning, with reference to India, Orient Longman
• NCERT, India : Resources and Regional Development, textbook in Geography for class XII
• Websites on Planning Commission, Census etc.