regional connectivity agenda: strategies for single ...€¦ · erdenet choir airag tsagaanchuluut...

ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Regional Connectivity Agenda: Strategies for Single Information Space

Tiziana BonapaceChief

ICT and Development SectionInformation and Communications Technology and

Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD)

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)



Where we stand: the imperative of regional connectivity

• More region-centric processes of trade, investment, financial, energy, transport flows, including data and voice

• Increasingly Asia-Pacific will rely on itself for economic growth

• ICTs are accelerators of this process • Growing digital divide in knowledge-

networked broadband internet



Infrastructure gaps in Asia-Pacific • Development of regional digital infrastructure: USD 800 billion

financing gap. Underestimation

• ICT as a metainfrastructure

• Broadband gaps in access speed, reliability, affordabiltiy

• Access: 5.09% of population in region’s developing countries

• Speed: high growth in volume of data traffic and direction (intra-Asian) leading to slowdown in transmission speeds

• Reliability: disruption to services due to submarine cable cuts,increased frequency and scale of disasters

• High costs: 5 times costs in US/EU,, key challenge is how to reduce international backhaul costs for all operators, not just incumbents



International Submarine Cable Network

Source: Global Marine Systems LtdSource: Global Marine Systems LtdIndian Ocean has fewer cables than the Atlantic & the Pacific



Good competition•Terrestrial & submarine

Poor competition Mostly submarine

Fierce competition•Coast-coast terrestrial

Biggest barrier to broadband

Asia has less cables on land, compared to Europe & N America



Terrestrial fibre optic initiatives: regional situation

• Information is incomplete, scattered, kept by private sector investors, or available at high fees

• A number of Information Superhighways aimed at providing transnational land-based connectivity underway• TASIM (Trans Eurasian Information Superhighway) led

by Azerbaijan Government, with multistakeholderConnectivity Alliance

• ADB funded SASEC and GMS intiatives• ASEAN Broadand Corridor under ASEAN Masterplan

on Connectivity



Terrestrial fibre optic initiatives: regional situation • Private-Public sector initiatives:

- India-China direct terrestial cable link with investment by Reliance Communication and China Telecom - PHI, JPN, HK, Taiwan PoC, SIN, MAL, with investment by Digitel Crossing BI Group- Pakistan-China, under consideration, with deployment of fibreoptic cable along the routes of the ESCAP Transasian Railway Agreement linking Karakorum Pass to Gwadar

• No regional map showing cross border connectivity



Terrestrial fibre optic cables: Armenia



Terrestrial Optic fiber network: Mongolia

Tsetserleg

Yaruu

Numrug

UlgiiAltantsugts

Bagakhangai

Bayannuur

Ugiinuur

Hishig-Undur

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Tudevtei

Zuunkhangai

BaruunturuunHyargas

Malchin

Ulaangom

Hovd

Battsengel Dashinchilen

Baruunkharaa

Existing STM-1 optic network (Ulaanbaatar Railway )

In this y ear, STM-16 optic network will be built by Mobicom

In MCC’s ICT project scope, optic network will be built by ICTA

Existing STM-1, STM-4 optic network (ICTA)

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0

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10000

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Growth of Optical Fiber Network in Mongolia



National initiative: Australia National Broadband NetworkBased on strong Government leadership which set world example

Government created in 2009 the National Broadband Network Company (NBN Co) to establish a wholesale-only broadband available to all Australians, regardless of location, using fibre-optic cable, fixed wireless and satellite.



Image: National Broadband Network Company (NBN Co)

National initiative: Australia National Broadband Network



Way Forward: Trans-sectoral synergies• ICT as a metainfrastrucuture: governments can create economic and social benefits across virtually all other infrastructures

• Can justify costs of broadband rollout by efficiencies and savings in many services such as transport, electricity, gas, sanitation, also health and education that all use ICTsindependently of each other

• Benefits cannot be attained only by market forces

• Important role for Goverments in developing infrastructure and trans-sectoral policies

• Government leadership and vision is common element in success stories of Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore

• Key element for success: open access principles to networks that provides users with innovation capacities (rather than incumbent suppliers with their vertically integrated barriers)



Can be changed due to the situation such as disaster prone area

Kinds Depth

Car road

synthetic resinconduit

> 1.0m

Other conduit > 0.9m

Sidewalk and Crosswalk > 0.6m

Track, Cross of highway > 1.5m

The case of Rep of Korea: roll out of conduits alongbackbone highway network

ICT and Development Section, IDD, ESCAP



polyethylene film- 30~40cm above conduits- 20~30cm underneath from the surface (Sidewalk)- 10~20cm underneath from the surface (Pave way)

Caution : Telecommunication CableTelecom. cables are under this warning tape

Emergency contact : ****-*****

The case of Rep of Korea: warning tape




600

~

1000

100

118

118

50

50 50411

511

997~1397

모 래

스페이샤

150 150

G.L

Space among conduits* 100mm / 80mm : left to right * >7mm : up to down (using spacer)* 2 M : between spacer

sand

spacer

spacer

Burying Conduits: the case of RoK



Main Usage

- Traffic management system

- Toll fee gathering System

- Intranet (LAN, WAN), - Emergency call,

internal communication, etc

Regulation

- Spare capacity can be provided to telecom service provider to raise usage rate

- by bilateral contract between Korea Highway Corporation and Telecom Service company.

- Inter-city Communication Network easily installable by simply synchronizing inter-city road construction

- But need some regulatory arrangement while encouraging competition

- USA: presidential decree signed in June 2012

Highway Optical Network: the case of RoK




Way Forward: Pan-Asian possibilities

• Cross border connectivity unresolved

• No intergovernmental coordination at the regional level

• Consider the need for an intergovernmental cooperation agreement

• Ride on interconnectivity agreed to under ESCAP’sintergovernmental agreements on Asian Highway or Trans-Asian Railways: systematic and indepth feasibility stud



Natural Candidate #1: Asian Highway



Natural Candidate #2: Trans-Asian Railway Network



Regional initiatives: conclusion

• Policies that provide legal predictability which enables investors (public and/or private) to risk investing hundreds of millions of dollars to be recuperated over a long period.

•Regional policies important for economies of scale, efficienciesand competition (Operators, operating in various national markets can increase competition).

•Individuals, businesses and Governments will benefit from havingreliable telecommunications – including during emergencies - in remote areas.Source: http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/current/pan_european/index_en.htm

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