Refrigerant & Energy Regulations Update

Dr. Rajan RajendranEmerson Climate Technologies

Focus on Refrigeration Applications

Agenda

A Quick History on Refrigerant Progression

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

– First rule to approve new refrigerants in applications

– Second rule to delist some existing refrigerants

by application

– Emerson’s view and what’s next

Department of Energy (DOE)

– Commercial refrigeration equipment, ice

machines, and walk-in coolers and freezers

Summary

Ozone Hole: Reason for R-12 and R-22 Phase-out(Exposure to UV Radiation Leads to Skin Cancer)

Montreal Protocol, signed on Sept. 16, 1987, bans CFCs and HCFCs.

1999

100

50

0

%

1996

CAP

100%

65%

25%

10%

US

EU

A5 Nations

Today

32.5% - 2025

2.5% - 2030

0% - 2040

2004

No New

Equipment EU

2010

No New

Equipment US 2013

“Freeze”

A5 Nations

20202015

90%

65%

Montreal Protocol Agreement for Reducing ODP

Refrigerants: R-22 Phase-out Timeline

Developing nations are only now beginning to phase-down the use of R-22.

Montreal Protocol’s Positive Impact on Ozone Hole

Ozone hole is still large, but healing;

full recovery is expected ~2070.

Source: NASA. Image from Nov. 2, 2014

False-color view of total ozone over the Antarctic

pole. The purple and blue colors are where there

is the least ozone, and the yellows and reds are

where there is more ozone.

A New Concern: Climate Change,

the Driver for HFC Actions

Montreal Protocol’s Positive Impact on Climate Change

Montreal Protocol has the biggest

impact on climate change!

… But, developing nations’

growth could dwarf gains,

per predictions.

European F-Gas Regulation: Phase-down HFC and Application Bans

24%

Domestic

fridge GWP >150

Jan 2025:

Single Split AC (GWP >750)

Jan 2020:

Moveable AC GWP > 150

Refrig/Freezers For Comm.

UseGWP>2500

Stationary Ref. And Service

Ban GWP>2500

Jan 2015:

Applicability +

repeal

842/2006

Jan 2017:

Report national

codes /

standards re. alternatives &

training

2017:

Traceability

Jan 2022:

Multipack Refrigeration

GWP >150

(except cascades with GWP <1500)

Refrig/Freezers

for Comml use

herm sealed GWP >150

Jan 2030:

No recycled /reclaimed

GWP >2500

for servicing

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

45%

21%

93%

63%

31%

July 2017:

Report Annex III:

multipack

Report PD method

Jan 2023:

Comprehensive report

on effect of

Regulation

July 2020:

Report Annex III:

split AC

Jan 2021:

HFC report

North American Proposal for HFC Phase-down

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055

GW

P W

eig

hte

d C

ap (

% o

f B

aselin

e)

Year

Non- A5 Countries (U.S.)

A5 Countries (Asia, etc.)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):What Is SNAP? What Are NOPRs?

SNAP stands for Significant New Alternatives Policy

– Environmental Protection Agency’s program to approve alternative

refrigerants to ozone-depleting potential CFCs, HCFCs

– Approval specific to refrigerant and application

– Website: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/index.html

When EPA approves a refrigerant, a Notice of Public

Rulemaking (NOPR) is issued in the Federal Register

– Public has 60 days to review and comment

– All details on how to submit comments are provided in the NOPR

EPA’s First NOPR This Past Summer

Published on July 9; comments were due Sept. 8

Listed new flammable A2 and A3 refrigerants and revised venting prohibitions– Stand-alone commercial refrigerators and freezers: R600a,

R441A (150 g)

– Household refrigerators and freezers: R290 (57 g)

– Vending machines: R600a, R290 (150 g)

– Self-contained room AC, PTACs, PTHPs, window AC and single-room portable AC: R290, R32, R441A (subject to UL 484 limits)

https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/07/09/2014-15889/protection-of-stratospheric-ozone-listing-of-substitutes-for-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-and

Second NOPR for Delisting Certain HFCs by Application

In 2013 and early 2014, EPA held stakeholder meetings to get input on which HFCs, if any, could be delisted

The NOPR to delist was published on August 6– Comments were due on October 20; comment period closed and all

comments have been posted on public website

Links to documents:

Fact sheet: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/SAN_5750_SNAP_Status_Change_Rule-Fact_Sheet_070714.pdf

NOPR:http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-08-06/pdf/2014-18494.pdf

Comments:

http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketBrowser;rpp=25;po=0;dct=PS;D=EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0198

Second NOPR Refrigeration and Air Conditioning End Uses Impacted

Currently Included

– Retail food refrigeration includes all cold storage cases designed to chill food for commercial sale. In addition to grocery cases, the end use includes convenience store reach-in cases and restaurant walk-in refrigerators.

– Vending machines are self-contained units which dispense goods that must be kept cold or frozen.

– Motor vehicle air conditioning systems, or MVACS, provide comfort cooling for passengers in cars, buses, planes, trains, and other forms of transportation.

Not Included, but Seeking Comment

– Industrial process refrigeration systems cool process streams in industrial applications.

– Cold storage warehouses are used to store meat, produce, dairy products, and other perishable goods.

– Commercial ice machines are used in commercial establishments to produce ice for consumer use, e.g., in hotels, restaurants and convenience stores.

– Refrigerated transport moves products from one place to another while maintaining necessary temperatures, and include refrigerated ship holds, truck trailers, railway freight cars, and other shipping containers.

Foam and Aerosol Also Impacted

http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/index.html

EPA’s Proposed Rule on DelistingHFCs by Application

Refrigerant

Supermarket*Condensing Units*

(field charged)

Standalone SelfContained Comm.

Ref. Eqpt*(factory charged sealed systems)

Vending Machines

*Foam Auto AC

Direct Sec.

R404A/507AJAN2016

JAN2016

JAN 2016Delay 6 years

JAN 2016Delay 6 years

JAN 2016

HFC-227 ea., R-407B, R-421B, R-422A, R-422C, R-422D, R-428A, R-434A

JAN2016

JAN2016

R407A, R407FJAN 2016 (New)

Do not delist

R134aJAN 2016 (New)

Do not delistJAN 2016

(New)

JAN 2017Delay 6years

2021 Model(New)

Various Blends,GWP 600-3990**

JAN 2016 (New)

Various FoamRefs**

JAN 2017Delay 6years

Various Auto Blends**

2017 Model(New)

*New and retrofit only; Service is allowed

**Check EPA Documents for details

Aerosol Application not shown in above table

Industrial, Ice Making heads, Warehouses and Transport Applications are not Included in This NOPR but comments have been requested.

Do Not Delist Now in Industrial and Ice: No Alternates Without Glide S.Mkt, Transport —

No Comment

Emerson’s Response to EPA ProposalSubmitted Oct. 20

What Is Next for Delisting Proposal?

Over 100 comment letters were submitted to the EPA

– Majority of the comments requested delays and exemptions from

delisting

– A few supported the EPA’s actions and asked for more stringent

delisting

Next steps for the EPA

– Review all comment letters

– Publish final rule, and include responses to all the comments from

stakeholders and public

– Expect final rule before middle of 2015

In the meantime, EPA can be expected to continue approving

new lower GWP refrigerants in specific applications

Alternatives for Refrigeration and AC Applications

R-410A

Like

Capacity

R404A &

R407/22

Like

R134a

Like

GWP Level

400-675

< 1500

~600

~300

R32

HFO 1234yf

HFO 1234ze

R410A

R22

R407A

R407C

R407F, R452A = XP44

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

Pressure

or

R32/HFC/HFO

Blends

R32/HFO

Blends

HFC/HFO

BlendsR134a

CO2

R404A

R507A

DR2, N12, ARC 1

R290

NH3

A1 – Non-Flammable

A2L – Mildly Flammable

A3 – Flammable

B2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.Qualitative Chart –

Not to Scale

R123-Like

(V.Low Pr.)

(3922)R32/HFO

Blends

R448A = N40

R449A = DR33

N20

R450A = N13

R513A = XP10

R444B = L20

L40, DR7

HDR110

DR3

R446A, R447A

<150

Refrigerant Options Available in Future

RefrigerantSelf-contained

Reach-inWalk-in

Rack

Refrigeration

TodayR404A

R134a

R404A

(R407A)

R404A

R407A

<1,500 GWP

Non-Flammable

R448A, R449A

R450A, R513A

R134a, etc.

R448A, R449A

R450A, R513A

R134a, etc

R448A, R449A

R450A, R513A

R134a, etc.

<300 GWP

Mildly

Flammable

R32+HFO Blends R32+HFO

Blends

R32+HFO

Blends

<150 GWP

Mildly

Flammable

R32+HFO BlendsR32+HFO

Blends-

<10 GWPPropane <150 gm

HFO

CO2,

Propane,

HFO

CO2

Once a refrigerant is in production and SNAP-approved, expect two

to six years for all components and equipment to be available.

Canada’s Proposal to Regulate HFCs

Proposed notice of intent to control the manufacture,

import and use of HFCs

Canada plans to align regulatory measures for HFCs

with those of the United States (EPA)

Refrigeration Energy Regulations

Product Class Current NOPR Final EffectiveEnergy Level

Reduction

U.S

. D

ep

art

me

nt

of

En

erg

y

Closed-doors

Reach-ins

(Self-contained)

2010Oct.

2013

March

2014*

March

2017

kWh/Day

30% – 50%

Ice Makers2010

March

2014*

Dec. 2014 Jan. 2018

kWh/100 lbs

12% – 25%

kWh/100 lbs

5% – 15%

(amend. 9/5/14)

NODA

Sept.

2014

Display Cases,

Including Remote2012

Oct.

2013

March

2014*

March

2017

kWh/Day

30% – 50%

Walk-in

(Foodservice)2009

Sept.

2013

June

2014*June 2017

AWEF

20% – 40%

U.S

./C

an

ad

a

Supermarket

California Title 24 Effective July 2014

Building Energy Alliance Challenge Spec in Process

ASHRAE 90.1 Advanced Energy Design Guideline in Process

Canada Supermarket Minimum Efficiency Std. in Process

* Industry challenging DOE

Summary

Over the next five years, expect

– R404A to be delisted and no longer used in new equipment

– New R22 retrofit (non-flammable) refrigerants available

– R404A retrofits to new lower GWP (non-flammable) refrigerants

– New mildly flammable and flammable refrigerants in self-contained and

walk-in systems

CO2 systems will grow — cascade, transcritical and secondary

Energy regulations will impact equipment manufacturers and

installers

Training and keeping up with technology and changes very

important

Emerson and E360 aim to help you with that!

Thank You!

DISCLAIMER

Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or

warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its

own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or

suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent

infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures

are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.

Questions?