Reforming American Reforming American SocietySociety

Section 1: Religion Sparks Section 1: Religion Sparks ReformReform

The Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening

Transcendentalism and ReformTranscendentalism and Reform

Americans Form Ideal CommunitiesAmericans Form Ideal Communities

Schools and Prisons Undergo ReformSchools and Prisons Undergo Reform

The Second Great The Second Great

After 1790After 1790 Religious Religious movement that movement that rejected Calvinistic rejected Calvinistic beliefs.beliefs.

Involved emotional Involved emotional revival ceremonies.revival ceremonies.

Brought Christianity to Brought Christianity to slaves and reformed slaves and reformed African American African American Churches.Churches.

TranscendentalismTranscendentalism

Started by Ralph Started by Ralph Waldo Emerson Waldo Emerson in mid-1800’s.in mid-1800’s.

Emphasized Emphasized living simply and living simply and appreciating appreciating nature.nature.

Thoreau and Civil Thoreau and Civil DisobedienceDisobedience

““I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will

meet with a success unexpected in common hours…If you meet with a success unexpected in common hours…If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that

is where they should be. Now put the foundations under is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.”them.”

What does this quote mean?What does this quote mean?

Unitarianism and Utopian Unitarianism and Utopian CommunitiesCommunities

UnitarianismUnitarianism Emphasized reason and Emphasized reason and appeals to conscience as the paths to appeals to conscience as the paths to perfection.perfection.

Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities Experimental Experimental groups that attempted to create perfect groups that attempted to create perfect societies.societies.

Dorothea Dix and Prison Dorothea Dix and Prison ReformReform

How did How did Dorothea Dix Dorothea Dix

reform the reform the prison system prison system

in the US?in the US?

School ReformsSchool Reforms

How was American How was American education education

reformed in the reformed in the mid-1800’s?mid-1800’s?

Section 2: Slavery and Section 2: Slavery and AbolitionAbolition

Abolitionists Speak OutAbolitionists Speak Out

Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery

Slave Owners Defend SlaverySlave Owners Defend Slavery

Abolitionist ViewsAbolitionist Views

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison Pushed for immediate Pushed for immediate emancipation in emancipation in The Liberator. The Liberator.

David WalkerDavid Walker Advised blacks to FIGHT for freedom Advised blacks to FIGHT for freedom

in in Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass Emphasized education as the Emphasized education as the path to freedom in path to freedom in The North Star.The North Star.

Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery

RuralRural Large Large

plantations.plantations.

Worked from Worked from dawn to dusk.dawn to dusk.

Often abused by Often abused by slave ownersslave owners

UrbanUrban Mills and ships.Mills and ships.

Required more Required more skilled labor.skilled labor.

Limited acts of Limited acts of cruelty.cruelty.

VS.

Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)

Slave Owners Defend Slave Owners Defend SlaverySlavery

Summarize the following:Summarize the following:

1.1. Virginia DebateVirginia Debate

2.2. Backlash from RevoltsBacklash from Revolts

3.3. Gag RuleGag Rule

Section 3: Women and Section 3: Women and ReformReform

What role did these women play in the What role did these women play in the Women’s Rights Movement in the Mid-Women’s Rights Movement in the Mid-

1800’s?1800’s?

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Emma Willard

Elizabeth Cady

Stanton

Sojourner Truth

Section 4: The Changing Section 4: The Changing WorkplaceWorkplace

Industry Changes Work

Farm Worker to Factory Worker

Workers Seek Better Conditions

Changes in ManufacturingChanges in Manufacturing

Rural Rural ManufacturingManufacturing

Cottage Cottage IndustryIndustry materials materials provided for provided for goods to be goods to be made at home.made at home.

Work seen as a Work seen as a family activity. family activity.

Early FactoriesEarly Factories Division of labor Division of labor

among master, among master, journeyman, journeyman, and apprentice.and apprentice.

More efficient More efficient and less family and less family oriented.oriented.

Working ConditionsWorking Conditions

Typical conditions: hot, dark, poor ventilation, Typical conditions: hot, dark, poor ventilation, and long work days.and long work days.

Conditions continued to deteriorate in the 1830’s.Conditions continued to deteriorate in the 1830’s.

Eventually leads to strikes: “UNION IS POWER!”Eventually leads to strikes: “UNION IS POWER!”

Workers Seek Better Workers Seek Better ConditionsConditions

Explain how each of these things contributed Explain how each of these things contributed to workers seeking better conditions:to workers seeking better conditions:

1.1. ImmigrationImmigration2.2. National Trades’ UnionNational Trades’ Union3.3. Commonwealth v. HuntCommonwealth v. Hunt