Reformation: Reforms in the Christian Church

Warm-Up = Northern Renaissance Quiz

• 1. T or F = The Northern Renaissance refers to the ideas of the Renaissance spreading north of the Italian Peninsula.

• 2. T or F = Even though the printing press copied books, unfortunately, education did not improve.

• 3. T or F = The printing press helped to spread ideas of the Renaissance.

• 4. T or F = Gutenberg is important to the Renaissance due to him copying a Bible on his printing press.

• 5. T or F = William Shakespeare was a famous inventor that rivaled Leonardo da Vinci.

FocusKey Vocabulary• Martin Luther• Indulgences• Latin• Pope• 95 Theses• Reformation• Catholics• Protestants• Excommunication• Peace of Augsburg• Counter Reformation• Jesuits

Essential Questions

• 1. What complaints did people have against the Roman Catholic Church which eventually led to the Protestant Reformation?

• 2. How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

• 3. How did the Renaissance help to bring about the Reformation?

Renaissance Ideas Are Dangerous!• The Renaissance caused many

people to question life and seek understanding of how the world works.

• Nicholas Copernicus developed a theory that stated the Sun was the center of the universe – the Catholic Church said he was wrong – and banned his work.

• Galileo Galilei used a telescope and proved Copernicus was correct – the Catholic Church jailed Galileo- and banned his work.

Martin Luther • The German monk Martin Luther (1483-1546) was one of the most important critics of the church.–Wealth–Corruption– Indulgences –

get out of hell cards!

Martin Luther• He was troubled about the possibility of

not going to heaven. • He led a strict life, but was worried about

sin. • Luther read the writings of early Christian

theologians, including St. Augustine, and the Bible.

• He found the answer he was looking for in Paul's Letter to the Romans (Romans 1:17 - "The righteous shall by his faith.") Only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person.

• No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

95 Theses• In 1517, Luther wrote

95 Theses, or statements of beliefs, attacking church policies.

• Copies were printed on Gutenberg’s printing press, and handed out throughout Western Europe.

• The church responded by excommunicating Luther, and tried him for treason.

Bibles In My Own Language• Before more damage

could be done, Luther went into hiding.

• While in hiding, he translated the Bible from Latin into German so that all literate, German-speaking people could read it.

• Under Luther’s leadership, many Europeans began to challenge the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

Protestants - Luther’s followers were called Protestants because they protested against

the Catholic Church.

Catholics

• Bible should be written in Latin.• Church services should be spoken

in Latin.• A person must speak with a priest

to have their prayers heard.• The Pope is God’s representative

on Earth.• A person must do good works to

go to Heaven.

Protestants

• Bibles should be written in the language of its people.

• Church services should be spoken in the language of the people.

• A person should be allowed to pray directly to God.

• Who decides who is “God’s representative” on Earth?

• A person needs faith alone to get into Heaven.

Peace of Augsburg• Many people in Western Europe still supported the Catholic Church.

• This conflict led to religious wars that ended in 1555.

• At that time, the Peace of Augsburg declared that German rulers could decide the official religion of their own state.

Spread of Protestant ReformationBy 1600, Protestantism had spread to England and the Scandinavian Peninsula. Protestants pushed to expand education for more Europeans.

They did this because being able to read meant being able to study the Bible thanks to copies being made from Gutenberg’s printing press. They also encouraged translation of the Bible into the native language of each country.

The Counter Reformation• The Roman Catholic Church

responded to the Reformation by launching its won movement in the mid-16th century.

• As part of this movement, called the Counter Reformation, the church …– stopped selling indulgences,– Missionaries to spread the

Catholic faith called Jesuits, or Society of Jesus.

Results• Although both sides seemed to have both

won and lost…..

• Europe still remained in limbo over what do with the religion of Europe… and the rights of people over the Pope and leaders in Europe.

• Areas today (Northern Ireland) still have fighting between Catholics and Protestants.

Review• 1. What complaints did people have

against the Roman Catholic Church which eventually led to the Protestant Reformation?• 2. How did the Catholic Church

respond to the Protestant Reformation?• 3. How did the Renaissance help to

bring about the Reformation?