reflections - chief william h. parker - steve hodel...parker was born in lawrence county, south...

NO. 72 LOS ANGELES POLICE MUSEUM APRIL - MAY 2016

PUBLICATION OF THELOS ANGELES POLICE MUSEUM

This edition of the Hot Sheet is devoted to thememory and legacy of one of the department’sgreatest chiefs. This year marks the fiftieth

anniversary of the passing of Chief William H. Parker.He died at the relatively young age of sixty-one, on July16, 1966. It is both fitting and appropriate that wereview the accomplishments of this man, who is prop-erly credited with professionalizing the police service,locally and nationally. There have been numerousstories and opinion pieces written about Chief Parkerand most of the recent efforts were based upon editorialopinion, downright fabrication or personal bias ratherthan factual information. It is somewhat amusing to notethat many of these Parker protagonists seem to travel inthe same circles and share the same sources of unsub-stantiated and biased information. Perhaps in contempo-rary America, it is more important to view history as arevisionist and not be confused with facts or considerthe context of the times people lived in and the languagethat was used. It seems that it is far easier to judgepeople by contemporary standards or rumor or the socialconstruct of a writer than by facts. Oh how these writerscould learn from genealogists. Here at the Los AngelesPolice Museum we try to stick to “Just the facts,ma’am.” Continued on page 2

Parker was born in Lawrence County, SouthDakota, in 1905. His family migrated from Deadwood,South Dakota to Los Angeles in 1922, when he wasseven years old. Like many other Americans of that era,they were in search of abetter life. Parker was agood student. He decidedearly in his life he wantedto be a lawyer like hisgrandfather, WilliamHenry Parker II. Hisgrandfather served in theUnion Army during theAmerican Civil War fromJune 24, 1861, to October16, 1866. He was also agraduate of the law depart-ment of Columbian College (now George WashingtonUniversity), Washington, D.C., and was admitted to thebar of the supreme court of the District of Columbia in1868. He moved to Deadwood, Territory of Dakota(now South Dakota), in July 1877 and practiced law andwas a member of the constitutional convention for theproposed State of South Dakota, June 30, 1885. He waselected as a member of the State house of representa-tives in 1889 and prosecuting attorney of LawrenceCounty 1903-1907. He was elected to the Sixtieth

Reflections - Chief William H. Parkerby Bob Taylor

William Henry Parker II

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May is Memorial month. On May 5,2016, members of the LA PoliceMuseum Board attended the annual

Los Angeles Police Department memorialceremony held to remember fallen LAPDofficers. The ceremony was held at DeatonAuditorium at the new police administrationbuilding. On May 18, 2016, members of theBoard attended the LA County Peace Officers’Officers Memorial Ceremony, honoring allfallen LA County peace officers, held at the LACounty Star Center in Whittier.

On May 7, 2016, members of the Boardalso attended the opening ceremony for the newMetropolitan Division station, the old RampartDivision station on Temple Street. Chief Beck

ISSUE NO. 72 LOS ANGELES POLICE MUSEUM APRIL - MAY 2016

Continued on page 3

Reflections - Chief William H. ParkerContinued from Page 1

Congress and served from March 4, 1907, until hisdeath in Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota,on June 26, 1908. He is interred at Arlington NationalCemetery.

In 1926, Chief Parker enrolled in law school. Hejoined the Los Angeles Police Department in 1927.While on the department, he continued his studies,graduated from law school and passed the CaliforniaState Bar in 1930, bar #12050, but opted to continueworking as a police officer rather than practice law.Policing in Los Angeles in the 1930’s and 40’s wasmuch different than today. The city was evolving,growing and trying to find a way to provide services toits population by creating opportunities for jobs throughthe development of industry. Los Angeles had fivepolice chiefs between 1930 and 1949. The city was rifewith political corruption and criminal activity. One ofthe more notorious political regimes was that of MayorFrank Shaw and his brother and bagman, Joe Shaw. The

Los Angeles Times was a solid supporter of Shaw andsome thought their support was related to the Times saleof property to the city for the civic center at four timesits assessed valuation.

Clifford Clinton, founder of Clifton Cafeterias andanti-crime and graft crusader, had earlier formed withothers the organization CIVIC (Citizens IndependentVice Investigating Committee) to look into rumors ofcorruption in local government. With urging by countysupervisor and reformer John Anson Ford, JudgeFletcher Bowron appointed Clinton to the CountyGrand Jury to look into allegations of corruption at CityHall. After an investigation of his own, Clinton issued areport that identified more than a thousand gamblingand prostitution rackets allegedly under the protectionof Shaw’s administration. Clinton’s cafeterias enduredunusual scrutiny and inspections by city health inspec-tors and police during that period.

What’s Happening at Old Number 11by Bob Taylor

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was unable to participate in the ceremony because he wasattending the funeral for former Chief of Police Willie L. Will-iams in Philadelphia, PA.


On Sunday, May 15, 2016, the Los AngelesPolice Museum again participated in annual MOTA(Museums of the Arroyo) Day. It is a day to celebratea diverse mix of art, architecture, culture and historyof the Arroyo Seco. MOTA Day featured six uniquehistory-based museums that preserve and perpetuatethe history of early Los Angeles life. The public wasallowed to visit one or all of the museums during theday at no charge. The museum tour include: TheAutry’s Historic Southwest Museum Mt. WashingtonCampus, the Gamble House, Heritage Square Mu-seum, the Los Angeles Police Museum, the LummisHome and Garden and the Pasadena Museum ofHistory. Each museum featured a special part of theircollection in addition to their regular displays. Thisyear the museum attracted some 1243 visitors, an all-time record. We were fortunate to have a full crew ofvolunteers, members of the University of SouthernCalifornia police explorer post, and our do-cents. The Vintage LA Coppers were also apart of this year’s event, decked out in vintageuniforms and their vintage cars. Those vintagepolice cars certainly caught the attention ofvisitors and members of the general publicdriving along York Boulevard. It was a greatday for everyone. Here are a few photos of theday: Welcoming guests, visiting jail, Samdescribing The Onion Field and watching theNorth Hollywood shootout. ❏

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What’s Happening at Old Number 11Continued from Page 2

On January 14, 1937, a bomb exploded in the carof private investigator and former police officer HarryRaymond. Raymond had been investigating the Shawadministration for anti-Shaw forces and was scheduledto give testimony to the Grand Jury. Despite beingstruck by more than 150 pieces of shrapnel, Raymondsurvived the blast. The media initially suggested thebombing was thework of the mob.Shaw critics, how-ever, immediatelyaired their suspicionsthe Shaw administra-tion was involved. ALos Angeles Timesarticle suggestedRaymond and Clintonthemselves had stagedthe bombing as apublicity stunt. Suchaccusations, however,were quieted when it was discovered that Raymond hadbeen under surveillance by a secret police unit formonths. Even more damaging was the eyewitnessaccount of an immigrant fruit vendor, who, despitethreats, identified those who planted the bomb. LosAngeles Police Captain Earl Kynette was indicted andconvicted for the bombing attack. There were clearindications that Kynette took his direction from some-where in City Hall. As Los Angeles Times ColumnistPatt Morrison pointed out in an article about LA’smayors, “You’d be hard-pressed to outdo the flagrantFrank Shaw, who protected bootleggers and bordelloowners and virtually put the city up for sale.” By 1938,Shaw was recalled as mayor and replaced by FletcherBowron. So began a new chapter in Los Angeles historyand the history of its police department. None of thishistory of violence and corruption was lost on youngBill Parker, who on May 15, 1940, was promoted tocaptain.

While Bowron began to make changes in citygovernment, his efforts were somewhat delayed whenthe Japanese government bombed Pearl Harbor andthrust America into World War II. The war had animpact on America nationally and a significant impacton California and Los Angeles. The Los Angeles areawas a hub for ship building, aircraft manufacturing and

all things related to thewar effort. Manypeople working for theLos Angeles policeand fire departmentswere soon donning adifferent uniform.Among those called toduty in 1943, wasWilliam H. Parker,who at the age of 40received a commissionin the United Statesarmy as a first lieuten-

ant. The city experienced a large number of employeeseither being drafted or volunteering for the war. The lossof employees was so great that “war time emergencyemployees” were hired to fill vacancies.

During his 26 months overseas, Parker was as-signed to the United States Army Government Branchand saw action in Africa, Italy, Sardinia, France, Ger-many and Austria. He was promoted to captain in 1945.He was wounded during the Normandy invasion andreceived a Purple Heart. He additionally was awardedThe Croix de Guerre with a Silver Star by the FrenchGovernment and the Star of Solidarity by the ItalianGovernment. He returned to the department in Novem-ber 1945.

When he returned home from the war, he reflectedon his experience in the war, but also on the changes hewitnessed since arriving in Los Angeles. What was oncea largely agricultural area had given way to increased



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EXTRA - Assassin’s Bomb in Auto Blows up Vice Prober HarryRaymond

urbanization. Citrus groves and wineries were beingreplaced by houses, shops, stores and greater industrial-ization. World War II brought other changes as well. OnFebruary 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Rooseveltissued Executive Order 9066, authoring the deportationand incarceration of more than 120,000 Americans ofJapanese descent. Families were uprooted from theirhomes, farms and businesses and shipped off to reloca-tion camps. Their homes and businesses were then takenover by others.

Likewise, persons of Chinese heritage fell underthe provisions of the Chinese Exclusion act of 1882 andwere prohibited from immigration or citizenship. Theact was repealed in 1952 by President Truman. ManyGerman and Italian Americans were also subjected tointernment. Some of these laws and regulations also hadan impact on other groups as well. For example, in 1872African Americans founded the First African MethodistEpiscopal Church in Los Angeles, but it was not untilthe 1930’s and forties that the black community reallybegan to thrive with jazz clubs and a hotel on CentralAvenue. The black population grew significantly duringWW II due in part to the availability of jobs.

While these are interesting historic points, itshould be noted there were legal restrictions, covenantsand prohibitions on property for various ethnic groups.Entertainer Nat King Cole, for example, had to use theside or back entrance to many night clubs he performedin. When he purchased a home in the Hancock Park areaof Los Angeles, he and his family experienced racialslurs and even a cross burning. During this same periodof time, the military was segregated as were many othergovernmental and industrial businesses. The famous andheroic Tuskegee airman, a black only Army Air Corpsunit, was the result of blacks not being permitted to be apart of the regular Army Air Corps. On July 26, 1948,President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order9981, ending segregation in the United States ArmedForces.

The foregoing information is provided so thereader can better understand the social and culturalissues during the time when Parker began his career andwhen he came back to Los Angeles from military ser-vice. Not only were there still remnants of politicalcorruption in the city and its police department, butthere were significant differences in the way people andcommunities were viewed and how they were treated.None of this was Parker’s making. This was a part of thelarger social and cultural milieu of the time. It is a socialconstruct that seems lost on today’s critics.

When Parker returned to the department in No-vember 1945, he served as the Commanding Officer ofthe Traffic Enforcement Division. He was promoted toInspector (now Commander) on August 1, 1947, andoversaw the Internal Affairs Bureau. In May 1950, hewas promoted to the rank of Deputy Chief and com-peted for the top job to replace Chief Worton, who as aretired Marine Corps General had been tasked by MayorBowron to be the interim chief to root out corruptionand improve department operating procedures. OnAugust 9, 1950, Parker was unanimously selected overThad Brown as the top candidate for Chief of Police andwas subsequently appointed. More than twenty candi-dates in the rank of captain and above tried out for theposition.

Parker’s appointment was the beginning of asixteen year process of professionalism and change, notonly for the Los Angeles Police Department but for allof law enforcement in California and nationally. WhenParker took over he said, “I will strive to make thisDepartment the most respected police force in theUnited States.” It may have been an audacious statementat the time considering the average tenure of a chief wasabout two years, but it was clear from his statement andhis actions what he intended to do. Parker rememberedthat before World War II, another police chief and 23 ofhis top-ranking officers had been forced from officealong with a corrupt mayor.




One of Chief Parker’s first official acts was torelease a list of promotions and transfers. In makingpromotions, he was especially sensitive to promotingthose with the highest Civil Service score and he wouldnot bow to political favor. Officer Vivian Strange, anAfrican American female, scored well on the Sergeant’sexamination. There were some in the department whodid not want her selected, but Parker selected her any-way. She became the first black female sergeant onLAPD.

Parker is also credited with a number of innova-tions like implementing scientific management prin-ciples which focused on analytical data like crimestatistics, calls for service and deployment of resources;he required performance measures, instituted probation-ary periods for new officers; he developed an operationsand policy manual system; he implemented a planningand research division; he instituted standards thatmoved the department to a professional model in policehiring standards, recruitment and training; he oversawthe expansion and use of technology from radios toscientific tools for the crime lab. He streamlined thedepartment’s structure, enforced Civil Service proce-dures, and kept the public informed of department

activities through his personal appearances and hispublic affairs section. He frequently worked seven daysa week, making multiple appearances. He demandedtough disciple standards, eliminated wasteful spending,and pioneered narcotics and vice enforcement methods.

When Parker became chief, police headquarterswas in city hall. The old Central Division, built in1896,located near First and Hill Streets, was the downtownpolice building. The building still had quarters for thehorses and paddy wagon used in an era before cars.

In December 1952, ground was broken on a sitefor a new police facility at First and Los AngelesStreets. The proposed eight story structure was expectedto revolutionize law enforcement. The building wasintended to bring together various divisions and func-tions scattered throughout the city. In 1955, policeheadquarters, the new Police Administration Building(PAB), aka “The Glass House,” opened.



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Photo of Parker, center with staff, in rear, Julio Gonzalez,later appointed United States Marshal for the CentralRegion, and Tom Bradley, who later became a city council-man and LA City Mayor.

Vivian Strange became the first African American femaleSergeant on the Department.

The PAB boasted a new crime lab which took upmost of the space on the fourth floor and was headed byone of the best criminalist at the time, Raymond Pinker.This new facility made Ray feel like a kid in a candystore because it had some of the best forensic tools andinstruments available anywhere. The buildingalso had a new modern jail or custody facility.

Parker was blessed with a great group ofstaff officers, seven deputy chiefs and a dozeninspectors (now commanders). His Chief ofAdministration was Richard Simon, who kept avery tight rein on all administrative functions.If someone screwed up, they had to report toChief Simon and get “Simonized” and it wasusually a very unpleasant experience. However,it was very much part of the discipline andaccountability that was necessary to lift thedepartment out of its past. Some of the DeputyChiefs and Inspectors of the time were RogerMurdock, Harold Sullivan, Thad Brown, NoelMcQuown, Tom Reddin, Bob Houghton, JohnKinsling, Ken McCauley, Jack Collins, John

Powers, Jim Fisk, Jim Gordon, Jim Fulton, Ed Davis,Pete Hagan and Norm Rector.



Continued on page 8

The old Central Division, built in1896, located near First and HillStreets.

In 1955, police headquarters, the new Police Administration Building(PAB) opened.

Raymond Pinker, the best criminalists at the time.

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Chief Parker had his share of major events duringhis tenure. One event provided an early test of hisleadership of the department. This event occurred alittle more than one year after his appointment to chiefand became known as “Bloody Christmas.” OfficersNelson Brownson andJulius Trojanowski re-sponded to a report ofminors drinking alcohol atthe Showboat Bar onRiverside Drive. Onarrival, they found DanielRodela, Elias Rodela, JackWilson, William Wilson,Raymond Marquez,Manuel Hernandez, andEddie Nora inside. Allseven men producedidentification verifying they were of drinking age, butthe officers insisted that they leave the bar. The menrefused, prompting the officers to try and force them outof the bar, which resulted in a fight. The officers werehurt in the scuffle: one sustaining a black eye while theother received a cut requiring stitches.

A false rumor began to circulate in the departmentregarding the incident at the bar alleging one of theinvolved officers lost an eye in the fight. Several hourslater, all of the suspects involved in the earlier alterca-tion were taken from their homes, arrested and taken tocentral jail. Daniel Rodela, however, was taken toElysian Park, and beaten to the point where he requiredtwo blood transfusions at a hospital because of hisinjuries. While at Central Jail, the other suspects wereremoved from their cells and savagely beaten by asmany as fifty officers, some of whom had been drinkingin celebration of the Christmas holiday. As a result ofthis incident a grand jury convened and eight officerswere charged criminally. Seven were convicted and onewas sentenced to a year in prison. There was a great

deal of public outcry over this incident and considerablepolitical discussion about the department being able toconducting its own personnel investigations. Parker wasadamant in having his internal affairs investigatorspursue the matter as well as cooperating with the grand

jury investigation. After thegrand jury indictments,Parker transferred 54officers—including twodeputy chiefs—and sus-pended 39 other officers.His actions clearly set atone for his expectationsand his no nonsense ap-proach to discipline.There were other hall-

marks to his tenure aschief. For example, the

department became one of the first police agencies inthe country to purchase a helicopter for traffic control in1956. Parades, sporting events, conventions and specialattractions consumed a great many man-hours in thefifties as it does today. One such year of celebration was1958 because it marked Los Angeles having its ownmajor league baseball team, the Los Angeles Dodgers.In 1959, the department had 575 special events includ-ing the visit of Soviet Russian Premier NikitaKhrushchev. By the way, there is no truth to the rumorthat he pounded his shoe on Parker’s desk as he woulddo at a United Nations meeting in 1960. He was upset,however, when his request to visit Disneyland was notapproved by the department and the State Department.

The sixties marked the beginning of Parkerssecond decade as chief. Los Angeles had been selectedas the site for the 1960 Democratic Convention held atthe Los Angeles Sports Arena. The department contin-ued to make significant capital improvements in itsfacilities, including new stations for West Valley and in






1961 Foothill Division. At the same time, UniversityDivision, now Southwest, was nearing completion. TheLos Angeles International Airport substation was alsoopened. Technology continued to improve as well andthe department began to use the breathalyzer as a toolfor driving under the influence investigations. Crimereports were being copied by an offset duplicatingmachine and portable two-way radios were beingprovided to detectives. Like every decade, this one wasno stranger to catastrophe. 1961 was a major brush fireseason with two major fires simultaneously springing upin Bel-Air and Topanga Canyon, severely testing depart-ment resources. Tragedy was about to strike a littlecloser to home.

In March 1963, two Hollywood Division officers,Karl Hettinger and Ian Campbell were working a plain-clothes felony car when they stopped Jimmy Smith andGregory Powell for a traffic violation. Powell wasarmed and forced the officers to surrender their weap-ons. The officers were handcuffed, kidnapped and takento an onion field in Bakersfield. Both officers were toldto get out of the car. Powell shot Campbell first and ashe fell, Powell fired several more rounds into him. Atthat moment, Hettinger fled, running through barbedwire and a volley of gunfire, for nearly a mile to a ranchhouse where he secured assistance. The detail of thisstory and the two officers was captured in Sergeant

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Joseph Wambaugh’s best-selling book, The Onion Field.The history of The Onion Field lives on here at the LAPolice Museum as it does in the lives of many othersincluding the Campbell and Hettinger families.

The sixties also saw a shift in the jail operations ofthe department. For many years, the Department main-tained the nation’s largest city jail system, housing morethan 5500 prisoners. A legislative change in 1962initiated a shift in handling misdemeanor prisoners fromthe city to the county. The department had operated arehabilitation center near Castaic since 1954. More than20,000 persons underwent treatment at the facility,principally for alcoholism. The center included some 32major structures, farming over 125 acres, planting20,500 trees and shrubs and the construction of a onemillion gallon reservoir. Likewise, most of the depart-ment’ stations had trustees assigned who would providestation maintenance and caring for the vehicle fleet. Bythe mid-sixties, the department was no longer handledsentenced prisoners. The mid-sixties also saw theconstruction of a new Hollenbeck station and a Rampartstation. The population of the city continued to increase.However, the department did not correspondinglyexpand to meet the population needs and the net resultwas a fewer number of officers serving a larger popula-tion.

Continued on page 10

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There were many other significant events duringParker’s final years as chief. The department revisedthe use of the Daily Training Bulletins, which had beeninitiated in 1948 anddeactivated in 1952.The bulletins became anew vehicle for provid-ing training informationto officers in the field tokeep them abreast ofprocedural and legisla-tive changes. Anothermajor natural disaster inthe sixties occurred inthe Baldwin Hills area.A 259 million gallonreservoir in BaldwinHills developed a leakand soon a major failureof the external wall ofthe dam was noted. OnDecember 14, 1963, thedepartment began theurgent task of evacuat-ing residents and busi-nesses that were indanger because of thedam’s failure. Withintwo hours, a twenty-fivefoot section of the damgave way and tons ofwater and debriswashed down thehillside. Five lives were lost and more than $15 millionin property loss was reported.

In 1964, the department developed its own Ex-plorer Scout post under the authority of the Boy Scoutsof America. While the first post was started in AccidentInvestigation Division, soon every station had its own

group of police explorers, young people between theages of 14 and 20 who were interested in a law enforce-ment career.

On August 11,1965, the CaliforniaHighway Patrol OfficerLee Minikus stopped analleged drunk driver,Marquette Frye, nearAvalon Boulevard andImperial Highway. Ahostile crowd of about300-500 people beganto gather during thefield sobriety test andassistance was soughtfrom the Los AngelesPolice Department.People driving in thearea reported beingassaulted by rocks andbottles. Officers werealso subjected to rocks,bottles and pieces ofconcrete. Seventeenofficers subsequentlyreceived medicaltreatment. The Riotingseemed to subsideduring the day ofAugust 12, only to flareup again when darknessfell. Anarchy seemed to

fall over the southern part of the city and it continuedfor days. The California National guard was requestedand other Los Angeles County law enforcement re-sources were also used. It is estimated that between31,000 and 35,000 adults participated in the riots over





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the course of six days, while about 70,000 people weresympathetic, but not active. Over the six days, therewere 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over$40 million in property damage. From the perspectiveof officers in the field, it was a community out ofcontrol and people were exhibiting little regard forproperty or for other people. Buildings were burned,calls for service could not be answered, and streets werelittered. There was debris everywhere, in the streets andon the sidewalks. Mobs were screaming. People wereyelling. Raw anger was evident. In some places therewas a human tidal wave of thieves and opportunists.Store windows were broken. Blocks of commercialbuildings were destroyed. Men, women and childrenwere carrying away anything of value, or anything theythought had value.

When it was over,there were investigations atvarious government levels.Promises were made andrecognition of multiplefactors such as unemploy-ment and poverty as con-tributing to the riot. Therewere also recommendationsmade for the department toconsider. As a result, ChiefParker appointed Inspector James Fisk to head allcommunity relations programs in the department. Underhis leadership lieutenants in geographic areas wereappointed as Community Relations Officers. Their rolewas to develop a better understanding between diversecommunities and the department. Another program thatgrew out of the Watts riot was Special Weapons andTactics Team. During the riot, officers came underattack from snipers and their ability to respond waslimited. One hundred and twenty men, with their ownweapons, volunteered to be a part of this new organiza-

tion. The applicants had to undergo rifle qualification at100, 200 and 300 yards on a pistol targets. Fifty-fourwere designated as proficient at all three distances andthirty-three were designated proficient at 100 and 200yards. Four teams were then designated. The teammembers retained their regular assignments and it wasproposed they would be called if needed.

Chief Parker was known to be consumed withwork, taking little time off during his tenure. He neverstopped working and rarely refused requests for publicappearances. He continued to work even after havingundergone a dangerous operation for an aortal aneurysmand resection. He was driven to seek continual improve-ment in the department. There was always more to do.There was always reason to expect more. On July 16,

1966, after speaking at theSecond Marine DivisionAssociation banquet at theStatler Hotel (later theHilton Hotel) at Wilshireand Figueroa in downtownLos Angeles, he suffered afatal heart attack at 61 yearsof age. Parker was, likemost of us, an imperfecthuman being. It could beargued that he was too

intolerant of those who did not strive for excellencewith his same zeal. He left a legacy and an example tobe maintained by all future Los Angeles police officersand for all police agencies. His legacy provides thathonest, professional law enforcement is an attainablegoal. His body lay in state in the City Hall rotundawhere crowds lined up for blocks to bid him a finalfarewell. There was an overwhelming outpouring ofrespect from the public and from those who admiredhim. The respect and admiration for him continuestoday. ❏

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reflections - chief william h. parker - steve hodel...parker was born in lawrence county, south...

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