reflection. agenda: what you need to have ready root word sheet the four macromolecules worksheet...
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Reflection.
Agenda: What You need to have ready
Root Word Sheet
The Four Macromolecules Worksheet
Vocabulary Worksheet
Bellwork – Root word Carbohydrates and Lipids HW:
Class Setup PowerPoint White Paper towels Brown Paper Bags Plastic Cups – Marked with
each substance Water Water & Sugar Liquid Butter Cooking Oil
Plastic Pipette for each cup 85 Copies of this lab
Day Activity Objectives &Standards
Met
Dist.Assessment
Time Total Time left
Day 1 Bell Work – Root Word 5 min 50 min
Carbohydrates and lipids 30 min 20 min
Lipid Lab – Part 1 15 min 5 min
End Day 2 Closing – HW Bring a Lipid from home 5 min 0 min
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Of Earth poly
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
many polymer
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Carbon
• Carbon is an abundant element in all living things
• It can share 4 electrons• It establishes covalent
bonds which are very stable
• It is found in all 4 macromolecules
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4 MacromoleculesAll macromolecules are organic (contain carbon)
• Carbohydrates(sugars): act as storageand source of energy
• Lipids (fats): act asstorage of energy; theyare components of cellmembranes
• Proteins: performmultiple cellular functions• Nucleic Acids: holdgenetic message andintervene in theprocessing of geneticinformation
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Macromolecules: Hydrocarbon Backbones
• Macromolecules are constituted by hydrocarbon backbones, which mainly provide structural stability
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• Through dehydration(or condensation) reactions, monomersare joint together toform polymers
• Hydrolysis reactionsbreak down polymersinto monomers
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• Monomer
A molecule that may react chemically to another molecule of the same type to form a larger molecule
Examples: a saccharide, a nucleotide, and an amino acid
• Polymer
A compound made up of several repeating units (monomers)
Examples: disaccharide, DNA, protein,
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Of Earthmono
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
one Monomer, monosaccharide
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Chart Definitions
• Macromolecule– Biological macromolecules are defined as large molecules made up of
smaller organic molecules called monomers. – There are four Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acid
Note: The underlined words are already in the chart
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Vocabulary
• #4 Monomer is a compound whose molecules can join together to form a polymer. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a monomer.
• #13 A Carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms arranged in rings
• #14 A Lipid is a fatty or waxy organic compound that is not soluble in polar solutions (i.e. water)
Glucose moving from Straight Line model to Ring Formation to 3D representation
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The Four MacromoleculesMonosaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient
energy source. Main source of
energy
Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Simplest Carbohydrate
Examples of Monosaccharides:Glucose (C6H12O6)Fructose (C6H12O6) Galactose (C6H12O6)
Isomers of each other – Same formula C6H12O6 but the atoms are arranged differently
Isomers – All C6H12O6 but atoms are arranged differently.
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Vocabulary
• An Isomer is part of a group of molecules that have the same chemical formula but their atoms are arranged differently
These sugars all have the chemical formula C6H12O6 but their atoms are arranged differently.
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The Four MacromoleculesDisaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient energy
source. Main source of energy
Disaccharides Two Simple Sugars
Examples of Disaccharides:Sucrose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Fructose:
Common table sugarLactose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Galactose:
Sugar in Milk – some people are lactose intolerant
Maltose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Glucose: In Corn Syrup. It is the least common disaccharide.
.
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The Four MacromoleculesPolysaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient energy
source. Main source of energy
Polysaccharides Polymers Many Simple Sugars linked together
Examples of Polysaccharides:Starch (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in PlantsGlycogen (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in
Animals – 1,700 to 600,000 units of glucoseCellulose (C6H10O5)n - Makes up Plants
Structure – We use it as wood for building, paper, and cotton for clothing
.
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Vocabulary
• # 7 A Polymer is a large compound made up of several repeating monomer units.
• #2 Cellulose is a polymer of Glucose units. It is a fibrous carbohydrate found in the cell walls of green plants and some algae. It provides strength and rigidity to plant cells.
Glucose Glucose Glucose
Cellulose
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Of Earth di
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
two disaccharide
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The Four MacromoleculesMACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol
Saturated fatty acids:
unsaturated fatty acids:
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The Four MacromoleculesLipids
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Lipids
C(carbon)
H(Hydrogen)
O(oxygen)
• 3 Fatty Acids – which are long chains of C–H with a COOH on the end
• And a Glycerol
1. Fats and lipids are storage for energy in the form of fat cells..
2. Make up Cell membranes
3. Aid in Vitamins A,D,E, and K absorption.
4. shock absorber to protect vital organs
5. Insulate the body from temperature extremes.
Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol.
Saturated Fatty Acids
No Double Bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
One double bond
C and H make up most of the molecule.There are only a few Oxygen.
Long chains
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Vocabulary
• Cholesterol is a Lipid. It is a small molecule, one of the steroids and is essential to life. It is:
– incorporated in the membranes from which cells are constructed.– Is part of the insulating layers of myelin wound around neurons.– is a starting ingredient for the synthesis of the steroid hormones