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TRANSCRIPT
Lessons from the field…
¨ Longitudinal study conducted in West Java over three years
¨ Victims’ lives after trafficking -‐identification, referral, assistance, long term reintegration
¨ Victims of different forms of labour trafficking
¨ Experiences of trafficking victims -‐ identified and unidentified; assisted and unassisted
¨ Participation of wide range of agencies and institutions in JKT & West JavaPhoto: Peter Biro
Cooperation, commitment, partnerships
¨ Partnership with KPPPA and Kementerian Sosial
¨ Partnership with local government and authorities
¨ Partnership with NGOs in different districts and villages around West Java, JKT
Age when trafficked
Male (49) Female (n=39)
Age at trafficking (for victims of forced labour/labourtrafficking)
Less 18 (n=1) Less 18 (n=2)
18-‐29 (n=24) 18-‐29 (n=20)
30-‐39 (n=20) 30-‐39 (n=14)
40-‐49 (n=4) 40-‐49 (n=3)
Forms of labour trafficking
Male (n=49) Female (n=39)
Forms of trafficking
Fishing (n=32) Domestic work (n=39)
Plantation work (n=8)
Factory (n=4)
Construction (n=3)
Other (n=2)
Countries of exploitation for victims of forced labour (n=88)Women trafficked for domestic work (n=39)
Men trafficked for fishing (n=32)
Men trafficked for forced labour (n=17)
Bahrain (n=1) Ghana (n=5) Malaysia (n=12)
Brunei (n=1) Mauritius (n=1) Singapore (n=3)
Jordan (n=3) Taiwan (Province of China) (n=5)
Taiwan (Province of China) (n=2)
Malaysia (n=9) South Korea (n=4)
Oman (n=1) South Africa (n=7)
Qatar (n=4) Trinidad & Tobago (n=9)
Saudi Arabia (n=15) Uruguay (n=1)Singapore (n=1)
Syria (n=1)
UAE (n=3)
Referral/assistance improves victim well-‐being – including capacity as victim/witness
“Until now, maybe it was five or six years ago, it is still on my mind, not removed from my life. I am traumatized” (Woman trafficked as a domestic worker).
“My mental state is more brave, more confident”. (Man trafficked for fishing)
Photo: Peter Biro
Challenges in the referral process. Lessons from the field#1 – Many trafficking victims are unidentified
#2 – Structural barriers to referrals
#3 – Lack of information about referrals and assistance
#4 – Barriers for victims in referrals
#5 – Limited assistance for some types of victims
#6 – Uneven referral and provision of services
Unidentified while abroad
¨ Failure to identify victims of labour trafficking at the destination, even when victims sought help or were visibly injured/unwell
¨ Being unidentified meant arrest/detention/deportation
“We were taken to a police office […] for one week nobody could sleep and everyone was sick…48 persons [crammed into a tiny room]. Every one slept in sitting position…only one toilet, forced to sleep together, it was not humane at all. After a week, we were processed and taken to prison… one cell for 18 persons”. (Man trafficked for plantation work, detained when plantation was raided)
¨ Unidentified VoTs paid their own way home (often incurring debt)
Unidentified during return
¨ Failed identification upon return – even with visible indicia of exploitation, abuse
“When I was on the way to go home, on the airplane the stewardess asked about my condition, ‘What’s wrong with you? Did your employer torture you?’” (Female domestic worker trafficked to the Middle East)
¨ Employers sent victims home, difficult to detect at border
“They said they want to go to supermarket, but they bought me a plane ticket and I went home… I was shocked because my clothes and my food were still in their house…I just got money for the ticket and I didn’t know about my salary…They liked to hit me so I’m grateful that they sent me back home. (Trafficked female domestic worker)
Photo: Peter Biro
Unidentified once home
¨ Lack of recognition of labour TIP means TIP misunderstood as failed migration; VoTs are unidentified
“I think the police must understand our condition because when my sister reported to the police, they didn’t accept my case. They said they only took care of torture and thief cases”. (Woman trafficked for domestic work)
¨ Trafficked persons don’t recognisetheir situation as trafficking, do not self identify
“I thought that trafficking is only women trafficked as prostitutes. So right now I understand that [my situation as a domestic worker] was also a trafficking situation”. (Trafficked domestic worker)
Photo: Peter Biro
Structural barriers to referrals
¨ Lack of capacity – do not know it is human trafficking
¨ Inadequate budget on TIP issues
¨ Don’t always know how, where and to whom to refer
¨ Lack information about assistance options
“No one offered us assistance…The ones who know the needs of the people are the head of the village, the head of the RT. They could target the wrong recipients there” (Man trafficked for labor)
Photo: Peter Biro
Lack of information about referrals and assistance¨ Victims don’t know where to get help;
don’t know their rights, entitlements
¨ Don’t know how to approach authorities
“I did not know how to get it (help)... I have no information about what organization that I could go to, how I could ask for assistance” (Man trafficked on for plantation work)
“[My] friend told me that his wife wants to come home but is not allowed. We are confused about where to report this.” (Man trafficked for labour)
“I want the government to help us. […] I don’t know how to look for some assistance. I don’t understand how to do it”. (Trafficked fisher)
Photo: Peter Biro
Barriers for victims in referrals¨ Fear, mistrust, confusion
“If it gets complicated and there’s a law involved, I don’t want to... I don’t want to be involved with the law” (Trafficked domestic worker)
“I wanted to sue my employer to pay my salary…I was afraid that it would be problems for me and a long process and more complicated” (Trafficked domestic worker).
¨ Lack of resources
“I didn’t have money. […] Yes, we need money for transportation to go to the police”. (Man trafficked for labor)
Photo: Peter Biro
Limited assistance for some types of victims (male, forced labour)
¨ Assistance targeted at women & children, for sexual exploitation
¨ Available assistance is limited, need more
“Sometimes when I woke up from my sleep I was shocked…. I don’t know how to erase that feeling. Maybe I could go to psychiatry when I have money... I really want to visit psychiatrist and get treatment. I don’t want to be like this until I get older”. (Man trafficked for labour)
“We went home and it was a huge embarrassment. I didn’t want to go out of the house. My self-‐confidence was plunged. I couldn’t bear to meet my friends out of shame because of our condition. So there was no harmony with the family. I also didn’t want to meet my neighbours. I was ashamed!” (Man trafficked for fishing). Photo: Peter Biro
Uneven referral and provision of services
¨ Variable referral system between district
¨ Limited services at the district and village level
¨ Less services in some areas than others
“Many victims suffered mental illness, now they have to go to Jakarta, to the [specialized] hospital for treatment… Here, we have a polyclinic for mental illness, but it has limited facilities and services and it is not focused on trafficking victim. They do not have a budget” (Service provider in West Java).
“The obstacle is the distance. The distance from here to [that city] is quite far”. (Man trafficked for labour)
Photo: Peter Biro
Uneven referral and provision of services
¨ Time and money needed to travel to access services
“I used to talk about [getting assistance]. But since it was far and I needed some funds to get there, then that was a dead end” (Unassisted male trafficking victim)
…We would report to the police for an act of trafficking, because they didn’t want to pay for our salary. We made a report to Jakarta, from Jakarta it was bestowed to [another city in another province]. I went back and forth, leaving my family. I didn’t work but to take care of my case, to track down my salary. The case went to [that city], I tried to run to [that city]. (Man trafficked for fishing)
Photo: Peter Biro
Referral options and opportunities for VoTs in Indonesia
¨ Existing programs and services that can be instrumental in referrals and assistance
¤ Assistance to trafficking victims
¤ Assistance to migrant workers
¤ Social assistance, including to vulnerable persons
Photo: Peter Biro
Assistance to trafficking victims
¨ Anti-‐trafficking Law (21/2007)¨ Government Regulation 9/2008 and NPA¨ Minimum Service Standards and Standard
Operating Procedures¨ Local regulations¨ Women and Child Services Units (Unit
Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak, UPPA)¨ Institute for Adolescent Social
Development youth centers (Panti SosialBina Remaja or PSBR)
¨ Productive Economic Business Assistance (PEBA)
¨ Training and assistance of the victim of trafficking programme (Pelatihan danPendampingan Korban Trafficking)
Photo: Peter Biro
Assistance to migrant workers
¨ Law to protect migrant workers (39/2004 )
¨ SOP on Biopsychosocial(BSP) Rehabilitation in the RPTC
¨ Regulation regarding Repatriation of Migrant Workers and Problematic Indonesian Labor (22/2013)
¨ Assistance through SATGAS
Photo: Peter Biro
Assistance to vulnerable persons
¨ Law on social welfare (11/2009)¨ Law on Health( 36/2009)¨ Law on National Social Assistance Systems:
40/2004¨ National Education System Law (20/2003) ¨ Legal aid (Gov. Reg. 83/2008; Law 16/2011) ¨ Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga
Harapan or PKH), ¨ KUBE (or GEBA)¨ Prosperous Family Card (KKS)¨ Rumah Tidak Laya Huni or Rutilahu,
Restoration of Uninhabitable Home¨ Law on Elimination Minimum Service of
Violence in the Household (23/2004), Law on Child Protection (22/2003)
¨ Standards of Integrated Services for Women and Children Victims of Violence (1/2010)
¨ SOPs of Integrated Services for Women and Children Victims of Violence (22/2010).Photo: Peter Biro
Referral options and opportunities for VoTs in Indonesia
¨ Administrative structure to the local level can be leveraged to enhance identification and referrals
¤ Referral from community leadership
¤ Referral from NGOs and service providers to law enforcement
¤ Self-‐identification and self-‐referral
¤ Referral by criminal justice actors for assistance Photo: Peter Biro
For information, cooperation, collaboration
NEXUS Institutewww.NEXUSInstitute.net
[email protected]@NEXUSinstitute
Rebecca Surtees, Senior researcher & program manager,[email protected]
Suarni Daeng Caya, Project officer, [email protected]
Thaufiek Zulbahary, Project officer,[email protected]