ReferensiReferensi : : FletcherFletcher, , 20082008editoreditor: : hanaeliyanihanaeliyani

NERVE SYSTEM

1. receive information from outside through synaps or receptor, 2. deliver impuls to the central nerve system, along the axon, 3. processing and interpret the information that receives than continue to give correct answer.

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NERVE CELLS FUNCTION

STRUCTURE NEURON inSTRUCTURE NEURON in vertebratavertebrata

Neuron multipoler, specificity: nerve cell body (=perikaryon) have dendrit > 1

Have tentacle : Axon (=Neurit) covers with myelin and have silang Ranvier.

Badan sel

Dendrit

Ranvier

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Neuron PictureNeuron Picture

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neuronneuron

Axon

DendritBadan sel

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Nervus is a axon bundle which covers with supporting cells and isolated by conektive tissue

Radix is dorsal and ventral roots from CNS nerve, and this radix iscovered by meningens.

Ganglion is enlargement of the nerve cells as a result of perikaryon cells nerve make node (simpul).

Ganglion spinalis contain perikaryon unipoler, examples Radix dorsalis nn Spinalis

Ganglion otonom contain perikaryon multipoler which innervate viscera.

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Definition

NERVE SYSTEM DIVIDES INTO NERVE SYSTEM DIVIDES INTO

Central Nerve System (CNS) : brain and medulla spinalis

Perifer Nerve System (PNS): 12 pairs nervus cranialis, in the brain and

about 36 pairs nerve spinalis (depend on the amount of vertebrae)

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BRAIN = EncephalonBRAIN = Encephalon

Otak : embrional berasal dari bagian Ectoderm

Meningen

DuramaterArachnoid

Piamater

• bRAIN : embrionally come from Ectoderm

Brain covering layers

CENTRAL NERVE SYSTEM (ENCEPHALON)

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N.opticus

N.occulomotorius N.trochlearis

N.trigeminus

N.abduscens

N.facialis

N.vestibulocohlearis

N.glossopharynx

N.Vagus

N.hipoglossus

N.Acessorius

Bulbus olfactorius

Medulla spinalis & Nervi Medulla spinalis & Nervi spinalisspinalis

radix ventralis

radix dorsalis

Nervus spinalis

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Pathway of axon impulsPathway of axon impuls

radix ventralis

radix dorsalis

axon sensorik afferent

axon sensorik eferent

kulit

Otot & gld

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N. SPINALIS ,ramus2&radixN. SPINALIS ,ramus2&radix

Ramus doralis

Ramus ventralis

Ramus communicans

Spinal ganglia

Ramus meningeal

Gld m.epaxial&cutaneu

s.

Mm. Hypaxial & cutaneus

Arteri&sensorik

meningeal,

viscera; trunkus

simpatikus

NERVE SPINALIS BRANCHS: 4NERVE SPINALIS BRANCHS: 4

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Type of axonType of axon

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Autonomic Nerve SystemAutonomic Nerve System

KHUSUS

SSO VISCERAL EFFERENS, special: have 2 neuron multipoler

perikaryon-I. in the CNS (BRAIN/MS).

Perikaryon II IN ganglion otonom Periphere nerve system (organ/gld)

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SUSUNAN SYARAF OTONOM

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Simpatis pathway to 6 regio Simpatis pathway to 6 regio (1)(1)

preganglionik pathway

Location Sinaps

Postganglionic pathway

Head Rdx vent med spin, rms com, trnks simp cerv, trnks simp, ansa subklv (2)

gngl cerv cran.(1)

Plexus nervus u/: a. crtis com, gld.lacrim, gld saliva, m. dilat pupil

Neck Rdx vent med spin, rms com, trnks simp

gngl cerv-thor

n. vertebralis, rami com, nn. Spin-rms dors/ventr, u/ : kulit dan otot di leher

BODY WALL, extremitas and tail ***

Rdx vent med spin, rms com, trnks simp

gngl trnks simp

ram com, nn. Spinalis-rms dors/ ventr, u/ kulit dan otot * * *.

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SERI TRUNKUS SIMPATIKUSSERI TRUNKUS SIMPATIKUSdg GANGLIONdg GANGLION

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Glng. vertebralis

Glng. Cervicalis cranialis

Ganglion in head & neck Ganglion in head & neck (1)(1)

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Trunkus simpatikus

trunchus sympathicus trunchus sympathicus (2)(2)

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Ansa subclavia A/V

Ansa subclavia

Ansa subclavia Ansa subclavia (2)(2)

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Simpatis pathway to 6 Simpatis pathway to 6 regio(2)regio(2)

Viscera

Thoracal

Rdx vent med spin, rms com, trnks simp

Cervthor (Stellatum) & gngli cervi medial. (3)

Nn. Cardiosimpatis, rms ansa subclavia (salah satu cabang berjalan dengan n. vagus), u/: cor,bronchi dan esofagus

Viscera Abdom

Rdi ventr med spin, rms com, trnks simp, Nn. Splnch

gngl (kiri/kanan) celiac, mesent cran et caud, renalis dan gngl gonadal) Plex spnj aorta (4)

Plexus untuk arteri abdominalis yang mensuplai setiap organ: ventriculus,intestinum,hepar,lien

Viscera Pelvic

Rdx vent, n. Spin, rms com, trnks simp, Nn. Lumbar Splanc, mesen caud.

gngl mesen caud, gngl pelvi

N hypogastr, plxs plvina,(5) cabang=cabang langsung ke visceral pelvis: vesica urinaria dan organ genitalia

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Simpatis ganglion Cervicothoracis (3)

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1.Plexus celiacomessenteric

a

2.Plexus Splanchnicus major

Simpatis plexus ke viscera(4)

1

2

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Plexus .Hypogastrica

Plexus pelvinus

Symphathetic plexus to pelvis (5)

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Plex pelvinus ke A/V

Plex pelvinus sacralis

Symphatis plexus to pelvis (5)

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Parasimpatis pathways (1)Parasimpatis pathways (1)Syaraf yang diikuti

Lokasi ganglion Dampak kerja

N.occul (III) gngl ciliare (6) m.spinchter pupilae

N facialis (VII)

gngl pterygopalat (7)gngl lingual

Gld. LacrimalisGld. Sublingual

N. glossphar (IX)

gngl oticum (8) Gld. Parotis

N. Vagus Plxs syaraf (9)(pregngl & sinaps rapat ke organ yang diinervasi, axon postgangl capai submcs

Aorta, pulmo,corintestin, pankrs, hepar, ren,

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NERVI cranialis NERVI cranialis PathwayPathway

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TRUNCUS PS NERVI. VII; GANGLION CILLLIARISTRUNCUS PS NERVI. VII; GANGLION CILLLIARISN. occulo/III pathway: gangl N. occulo/III pathway: gangl cilliaris cilliaris (6)(6)

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TRUNCUS PS NERVI. VII,CILLIARIGANGTRUNCUS PS NERVI. VII,CILLIARIGANGN. Facial pathway: gangl N. Facial pathway: gangl pterygopal pterygopal (7)(7)

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Ganglion N.VII

ganglion

oticus

N. Glspha pathway N. Glspha pathway (8)(8)

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Ganglion N.IX

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PS. Thorac: N.Vagus kiri

Truncus dorsalis N.Vagus

PS N.Vagus kanan

N. Vagus Pathway N. Vagus Pathway (8)(8)

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Ganglion N.Xhanaeliyanianatomiveterinerfkhunair

Parasymphatic pathway Parasymphatic pathway (2)(2)

Medulla spinalis pars sacralis

Jalur Preganglionik di med spin pars sacralis (Plexus pelvis), dari rdx ventr, rms ventr, plxs sacralis, n. pelvina)

Sinaps di gngl pelvis (a/di organ yg diinerv)

Jalur post gngl, asal ramus dari plexus pelvinus langsung ke organ di cavum pelvis.

Organ genitalis,Rectum &Ves urina

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Table Autonomic nerve according to their distribution and function

SIMPATIS PARASIMPATIS

Distribusi Slrh tubuh Visceral di cavum tubuh,

kepala

Preganglioni

k

Med spin pars thoracolumbaris

Medulla spinalis pars sacralis dan batang otak

Postganglio

nic

/Transmitter

Adrenergik

/Nor epi

Kholinergik

/ACTH

Peran Misal: p.w. fighting/fly

Operasional rutin organ

visceral

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CNS Neuron influence to the Organ Iris Dilatation ConstrictionCor increaseheartb

eatdecrease heartbeat

Bronchi Dilatation ConstrictionGIT /empedu Block

peristaltic Increase peristaltic

Spincter GIT /empedu

Contraction Relaxation

Vessels under the skin

Contriction Not influence

Vessels muscle

Dilatasi Not influence

Sweat gland Sekresi Not influence

Organ genetalia

Ejakulasi penis Erection of the penis

Hepar release glucosegaster/pancreas

decrease secretion

Increase the secretionhanaeliyanianatomiveterinerfkhunair

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