ReferencingAcademic Skills and ANU Library

Overview• Who we are• Using a style guide to reference Finding the information Correct the mistakes

• Using Endnote to reference

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

The ANU Library...• Connects you to a wide and diverse range of high quality scholarly

and popular information.• Has approximately 2.5 million physical and 6.5 million digital items

in its collection of resources.• Has 5 separate on-campus branches, arranged by subject areas.• Gives you free access to specialist librarians, who can assist with all

your research, information, and digital literacy needs.• Provides comprehensive training and ongoing personalised

support for EndNote X9 reference management software, and much more. AN

U Ac

adem

ic Sk

ills &

AN

U Lib

rary

4

Why we reference

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

5

Essential requirement

for all work at ANU

Allows readers to

follow up on information

Distinguishes your ideas from other

people’s

Positions your work in a scholarly community

Strengthens your

arguments

How to reference manually

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

6

Steps to reference manually 1. Identify the source2. Look up the correct style guide3. Find all the relevant information4. Match your reference to the style guide

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

7

Step 1: Identify the sourceJournal article?

Book / book

chapter?

Newspaper article?Website?

Report?

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

8

HARVARD• A general style that is adapted all over the world

• In Australia – the Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS) version is used most commonly

Step 2: Look it up in the style guide

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

9

What does your field typically use?

Field Typical StyleEconomics, Finance, Management HarvardInternational Relations, Political Science, Diplomacy Chicago

Anthropology, Social Research Harvard or Chicago Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Science Harvard or APA

Psychology, Linguistics, Social Sciences APA

Law AGLCEngineering, Mathematics, Computer Science Harvard or IEEE

Medicine, Neuroscience Vancouver

Google: ANU referencing

Major differences between stylesIn text citationsSpaces and places need to be understood as never being neutral or natural, but rather extremely political. Spaces reflect expressions of cultural memory, belonging, identity and citizenship (Wallwork & Dixon 2004; Samson 2006; Robin 2010). Thus, an ‘us’ and ‘them’ dynamic exists within public and private spaces. This is discussed by Carey (2004, 2008), who explores the interconnections between whiteness, white sovereignty and Indigenous sovereignty.

FootnotesThe impact of the above changes in business organization and communications was likely amplified by American trade patterns.⁷ US exports were dominated by bulk commodities—raw materials and foodstuffs—where standard grading, centralized trading exchanges, and futures contracts facilitated commerce with a minimum of personal mediation.⁸

7. Matthew Simon and David E. Novack, “Some Dimensions of the American Commercial Invasion of Europe, 1871–1914: An Introductory Essay,” Journal of Economic History, 24, 4 (December, 1964): 591–605. 8. Alfred D. Chandler, The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Cambridge, Mass., 1977): 210–15.

Wolfe, K, Wu, X, & Lui, R 2003, ‘Antioxidant activity of apple peels’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 609-614.

Wolfe, Kelly, Xianzhong Wu, and Rui H. Lui. “Antioxidant Activity of Apple Peels.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 3 (2003): 609-614. doi:10.1021/jf020782a.

HARVARD AGPS

CHICAGO

Many other differences between styles

Most require references in the body + at the endIn-text citations or footnotesAs one of the three institutions, the magistracy added strength to the political system by establishing a structure of leadership roles (i.e. an executive). Magistracies were offices of state, the majority of which were in a hierarchy and individuals were expected to work their way up the hierarchy (called cursus honorum or the ‘ladder of offices’) (Mousourakis 2007, 11). At the bottom were the quaestors, then the aediles, followed by the praetors, with the coveted role of consuls at the top. Censors, dictators and tribunes were three other public offices that sat outside the ‘ladder of offices’. Elections for censors and dictators did not fit the yearly election pattern of the other offices (censors were elected for 18 months every five years and a dictator was a role that was only used in times of crisis for six months) (Scullard 1980, 80). The tribunate was outside the ladder of offices because it was only available to those not of patrician birth (Crawford 1993, 164).

Reference list or bibliographyCrawford, Michael H. 1993. The Roman republic. 2nd ed. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press.Diodorus Siculus. 1954. Library of History, Volume X: Books 19.66-20.

Translated by Russel M. Geer, Loeb Classical Library 390. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Green, Steven J. 2009. "Malevolent Gods and Promethean Birds: Contesting Augury in Augustus's Rome." Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) 139 (1):147-167.

Madison, James. 1788. The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments (Federalist No. 51). In The Federalist Papers, edited by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison: Pennsylvania State University.

Mousourakis, George. 2007. A legal history of Rome. London & New York: Routledge.

Ridley, R. T. 2016. "The fall of the Roman Republic." Agora 51 (1):63-66.Scullard, H. H. 1980. A history of the Roman world, 753 to 146 B.C. 4th

ed. London & New York: Routledge.Scullard, H. H. 2011. From the Gracchi to Nero: a history of Rome from

133 B.C. to A.D. 68. London: Routledge.

Step 2: Look it up in the style guide (This is Harvard style)

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

14

Volume Issue Page range

Author family name

Author given name initial Year Article title

Journal name

Digital object identifier (like a stable web address)

Step 3: Find all the relevant information

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

15

Author family nameAuthor given name

Year

Article title

Journal name

Volume

IssuePage range

Digital object identifier

Step 4: Match your reference to the style guide(This is Harvard style)

Vandegrift, D 2016, ‘”We don’t have any limits”: Russian young adult life narratives through a social generations lens’, Journal of Youth Studies, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 221-236, doi:10.1080/13676261.2015.1059930.

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

16

Style guide

Your reference

Steps to reference manually 1. Identify the source2. Look up the correct style guide3. Find all the relevant information4. Match your reference to the style guide

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

18

How to automate referencing

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

19

Automated referencing• EndNote X9 is the ANU's officially licensed and supported

reference management software program.• Helps you build a “living library” of source materials.• Enables you to import citations and full-text materials from

a wide variety of scholarly databases and e-journals.• Helps you store, arrange, and annotate your sources.• Instantly formats your papers in a wide variety of academic

writing styles. ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

20

EndNote X9 in Six Minutes for Windows

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e6-6QkcYm0

EndNote X9 in Six Minutes for Apple OS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt-Fv3eP_aY

Getting your own EndNote X9• EndNote X9 software for Windows and Mac can be freely

downloaded from the Library catalogue – search by keyword Endnote.

• Lots of information and tips can be found in the Library's own EndNote X9 guide: https://libguides.anu.edu.au/endnote

• The official Clarivate Analytics EndNote X9 online guide can be found at: http://clarivate.libguides.com/endnote_training

• You can register for the Library’s full EndNote X9 training workshops at: http://anulib.anu.edu.au/training-register

Mendeley Desktop & Mendeley Web• A free and popular reference manager which enables easy

organisation, searching and syncing of your Desktop library with Mendeley Web.

• Import or drag and drop individual PDFs or folders; annotate and share PDFs; generate automated citations in Word as you write

• Current ANU staff and students are entitled to: 100GB of personal + shared storage, plus access to unlimited groups with up to 100 collaborators.

• Download Mendeley Desktop or explore Mendeley help guides. ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

24

APA 7th with Mendeley

Chicago 17 Footnotes with Mendeley

Mendeley Desktop with Word 2016

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

Contact the ANU Library Digital Literacy Training team for support and advice on EndNote X9, Mendeley, and much more...e-mail: digital.literacy@anu.edu.autelephone: 02 6125 8886online: https://www.eventbrite.com.au/o/anu-library-7481894195

• Succinctly explain someone’s argument using your own words• Use to capture the essence of an argument by so focusing on the main ideas only

Summarise

• Explain someone’s idea in detail using your own words, provides specific detail/evidence of an author’s argument

Paraphrase

• Copy others’ words exactly to highlight a key idea or key researcher/scholar

Quote

• Combine multiple sources that have a similar argument• Use to summarise multiples sources or to strengthen your argument

Synthesize

Reference when you:

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

28Go to the Using sources workshop!

Google ANU Academic Skills using sources

Turnitin practice site

https://www.anu.edu.au/students/academic-skills/academic-integrity/plagiarism

Remember• Ask your lecturer which style to use• Use a style guide• Use tools like EndNote to help you• Check for consistency • Reference whenever you use sources• Ask Academic Skills and the Library for

help!• anu.edu.au/academic-integrity

ANU

Acad

emic

Skills

& A

NU

Libra

ry

31