References

Chapter 1 1. CHow, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

New York (1959), p. 93 footnote 1. 2. RousE, H. and INcE, S.: History of Hydraulics, Iowa Institute of

Hydraulic Research (1957), p. 119. 3. MANNING, R.: "On the flow of water in open channels and pipes,"

Trans. of l.C.E. Ireland, 20, (1891), pp. 161-207. 4. MORGAN, E. E.: Stream and Channel Flow, Chapman and Hall Ltd.

(1938) (see tables, p. 113). 5. AcKERS, P.: "Resistance of fluids flowing in channels and pipes,"

Hydraulics Research Paper No. l, H.M.S.O. (1958). Also: "Charts for the Hydraulic design of channels and pipes," Hydraulics Research Paper No. 2, H.M.S.O. (1963).

6. GIBSON, A. H.: "On the depression of the filament of maximum velocity in a stream flowing through an open channel," Proc. Royal Society, Series A, 82, (1909), pp. 149-159.

7. RousE, H.: Fluid mechanics for hydraulic engineers. Engineering Societies Monographs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1938), pp. 266-268.

8. CHOW, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York (1959), pp. 27-28.

9. PRANDTL, L. and TIETJENS, 0. G.: Applied Hydro- and Aeromechanics, Engineering Societies Monographs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1934), Chapter 4.

10. DELLEUR, J. W.: "The boundary layer development in open channels," Proc. A.S.C.E. Eng. Mech. Div., 83, January (1957).

11. BoYER, M. C.: "Estimating the Manning coefficient from an average bed roughness in open channels," Trans. Am. Geophysical Union, 35, No. 6, December (1954), pp. 957-961.

Chapter 2 12. BAKHMETEFF, B. A.: Hydraulics of Open Channels, Engineering

Societies Monographs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1932), p. 59.

136

References 137 13. BAKHMETEFF, B. A.: Hydraulics of Open Channels, p. 70. 14. MoRRis, H. M.: Applied Hydraulics in Engineering, Ronald Press,

(1963), pp. 120-124. 15. CHow, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

New York (1959), p. 253. 16. WooDWARD, S. M. and PosEY, C. J.: Hydraulics of Steady Flow in

Open Channels, John Wiley, New York (1941), pp. 94--109. 17. KING, H. W. and BRATER, E. F.: Handbook of Hydraulics, McGraw­

Hill Book Co., New York, 5th Edition (1963), pp. 8-48 to 8-66.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HENDERSON, F. M.: Open Channel Flow, Collier Macmillan, London (1966), Chapter 5.

Chapter 3

18. RousE, H.: Fluid Mechanics for Hydraulic Engineers, Engineering Societies Monographs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1938), pp. 324--325.

19. RousE, H.: Discussion (p. 651) on paper by Bakhmeteff and Matzke: reference 23.

20. KING, H. W. and BRATER, E. F.: Handbook of Hydraulics, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1963), pp. 8-35, 8-36.

21. The Standing Wave or Hydraulic Jump, Govt. of India Central Board of Water and Power, Publication No. 7, Simla India 2nd edition, (1950).

22. BAKHMETEFF, B. A.: Hydraulics of Open Channels, Engineering Societies Monographs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1932), p. 234.

23. BAKHMETEFF, B. A. and MATZKE, A. E.: "The hydraulic jump in terms of dynamic similarity," Trans. A.S.C.E. 101, (1936), pp. 631-647.

24. BAKHMETEFF, B. A. and MATZKE, A. E.: "The hydraulic jump in sloped channels," Trans. A.S.M.E. 60, (1938), p. 111.

25. CHow, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1959), p. 396.

26. FORMICA, G.: ("Preliminary test on head losses in channels due to cross-sectional changes"), L' Energia Elettica, Milano, 32, 7, pp. 554--568, July (1955). (See Chow: reference 27-section 17-4.)

27. CHOW, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1959), p. 465.

28. IPPEN, A. T.: "Channel transitions and controls," Chapter 8 in Engineering Hydraulics (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley (1950), pp. 496-538.

29. d'AuBUISSON de VOISINS: Traite d'hydraulique, Paris (1840). 30. YARNELL, D. L.: "Bridge piers as channel obstructions," U.S. Dept.

of Agric. Tech. Bull. No. 442, November (1934).

138 Flow in Channels

31. lPPEN, A. T. and DAWSON, J. H.: "Design of channel contractions," Trans. A.S.C.E. Symposium Paper, 116, (1951), pp. 326-346.

32. BLAISDELL, F. W.: "Flow through diverging open channels at supercritical velocities," Report SCS-TP-16 U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1949).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

For full bibliography on the hydraulic jump see CHow: reference 25 (end of Chapter 15).

Chapter 4 33. HoYT, W. G. and LANGBEIN, W. B.: Floods, Princeton University

Press (1955), pp. 241-249. 34. RAo, V. S.: "The role of forests in flood control," Soil and Water

Conservation, India 3, 4, July (1955), p. 163. 35. KoELZER, V. A.: "The use of statistics in reservoir operations," J. of

Hyd. Div., A.S.C.E., Paper 1008, 82, HY-3, June (1956). 36. GILCREST, B. R.: "Flood routing," Chapter 10 in Engineering

Hydraulics (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1950). 37. KuiPER, E.: Water Resources Development, Butterworths, London

(1965), pp. 210-221. 38. MEINZER, 0. E. (Editor): Hydrology, Chapter 11, Sections Hand I,

pp. 561-578, Dover Publications, New York (first published, 1942). 39. LINSLEY, R. K., KOHLER, M.A. and PAULHUS, J. L. H.: Hydrology

for Engineers, Chapters 10-13, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1958).

40. LINSLEY, R. K. and FRANZINI, J. B.: Water Resources Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1964), pp. 159-163.

41. CREAGER, W. P., JUSTIN, J. D. and HINDS, J.: Engineering for Dams, (3 volumes), John Wiley, New York (1947).

42. BROWN, J. G. (Editor): Hydro-electric Engineering Practice (3 volumes), Blackie, London (1958).

43. LELIAVSKY, S.: Irrigation and Hydraulic Design (3 volumes), Chap­man and Hall, London (1955-1960).

44. RousE, H.: "Engineering Hydraulics," Chapter 1: Fundamental Principles of Flow, John Wiley, New York (1950), p. 52.

45. HENRY, H. R.: "Characteristics of sluice gate discharge," M.Sc. thesis, State Univ. of Iowa (1949). Published as a discussion of paper by Albertson, M. L., eta/. "Diffusion of submerged jets," Discussion: Proc. A.S.C.E. December (1949), pp. 1541-1548.

46. IPPEN, A. T.: "Channel transitions and controls," Chapter 8 in Engineering Hydraulics (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1950), pp. 536-539.

47. B.S. 3680: Methods of Measurement of Liquid Flow in Open Channels, Part 4, "Weirs and flumes," 4A, "Thin-plate weirs and venturi flumes," British Standards Institution, London (1965).

References 139 48. WEBBER, N. B.: Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineers, Spon, London

(1965), pp. 216-217. 49. KING, H. W. and BRATER, E. F.: Handbook of Hydraulics, 5th

Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1963), section 5-46. 50. AcKERS, P. and HARRISON, A. J. M.: "Critical depth flumes for flow

measurement in open channels," Hydraulics Research Paper No.5, D.S.I.R., H.M.S.O., London (1963).

51. CRUMP, E. S.: "Moduling of irrigation channels," Punjab Irrigation Branch, Papers No. 26 and 30A, Lahore, India (1922-1933).

52. CHOW, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1959), pp. 72-81.

53. MITCHELL, W. D.: "Stage-fall-discharge relationships for steady flow in prismatic channels," Water Supply Paper No. 1164, U.S. Geological Survey (1954).

54. B.S. 3680: Methods of Measurement of Liquid Flow in Open Chan­nels, Part 3: "Velocity area methods," British Standards Institu­tion, London (1964).

BIBLIOGRAPHY Reservoirs and Planning LEOPOLD, L. B. and MADDOCK, T.: The Flood Control Controversy, The

Ronald Press, New York (1954). LANGBEIN, W. B.: "Queuing theory and water storage," J. of Hyd. Div.,

A.S.C.E. Paper No. 1811, HY-5, 84, October (1958). SYMPOSIUM, 1946-47: "Multi-purpose reservoirs," Proc., A.S.C.E. 75,

March (1949). pp. 288-390. GILCREST, B. R.: "Flood routing," including a bibliography of 34

references (pp. 709-710). Chapter 10 in Engineering Hydraulics, (Editor: Rouse, H.) John Wiley, New York (1950).

KNAPPEN, T. T., STRATTEN, J. H. and DAVIS, C. V.: "River regulation by reservoirs," chapter in Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, (Editor: Davis, C. V.) 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1952). pp. 1-21.

MoRRis H. M.: Applied Hydraulics in Engineering, Ronald Press, New York (1963), pp. 297-313.

Control Structures LEUAVSKY, S.: Irrigation and Hydraulic Design, Volume 3, pp. 71-149,

Chapman and Hall, London (1955-1960). BOWMAN, J. S. and BoWMAN J. R.: "Spillway crest gates," Section 8 in

Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, (Editor: Davis, C. V.) 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1952).

HENDERSON, F. M.: "Open channel flow," Chapter 6: Channel Controls, Collier-Macmillan, London (1966).

140 Flow in Channels Flow Measurement TROSKOLANSKI, A. T.: Hydrometry, translated from the Polish, Pergamon

Press, London (1960).

Chapter 5 55. B.S. 1377: Methods of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes,

British Standards Institution, London (1961). 56. BAGNOLD, R. A.: Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, Methuen,

London (1941). 57. DUPUIT, A. J.: see Rouse, H. and Ince, S., History of Hydraulics,

Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, State University of Iowa (1957), pp. 171-172.

58. BLENCH, T.: Regime Behaviour of Canals and Rivers, Butterworths, London (1957).

59. STRAUB, L. G.: "Mechanics of rivers," Chapter 13c, pp. 614--636, in Hydrology, (Editor: Meinzer, 0. E.), Dover Press, New York (1942).

60. KALINSKE, A. A.: "Movement of sediment as bed-load in rivers," Trans. American Geophysical Union, 22, (1947), pp. 615-620.

61. EINSTEIN, H. A.: "Formulas for the transportation of bed load," Trans A.S.C.E., 107, (1942), pp. 561-597.

62. GARDE, R. J. and ALBERTSON, M. L.: Discussion of reference 63 published as Paper No. 1856, Proc. A.S.C.E., J. of the Hydraulics Division, November (1958).

63. LAURSEN, E. M.: "The total sediment load of streams," Proc. A.S.C.E., Paper No. 1530, J. of the Hydraulics Division, February (1958).

64. CoLBY, B. R. and HEMBREE, C. H.: "Computations of sediment discharge, Niabrara River, near Cody, Nebraska," Water Supply Paper No. 1357, U.S. Geological Survey (1955).

65. MORRIS, H. M.: Applied Hydraulics in Engineering, Ronald Press, New York (1963).

66. FRIEDKIN, J. F.: A Laboratory Study of the Meanderings of Alluvial Rivers, Report of Mississippi river commission, U.S. Waterways experiment station, Vicksburg, Miss., May (1945).

67. SPEIGHT, J. G.: "Meander spectra of the Angabunga river," Journal of Hydrology, 3, No. 1, (1965), pp. 1-15.

68. BLENCH, T.: Regime Behaviour of Canals and Rivers, Butterworths, London (1957), pp. 81-85.

69. BRoWN, C. B.: "Sediment transportation," Chapter 12 in Engineering Hydraulics (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1950), p. 810.

70. CHow, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1959), pp. 164--179.

71. LANE, E. W.: "Progress report on studies on the design of stable channels by the Bureau of Reclamation," J. of the Hydraulics Division, Paper No. 280, Proc. A.S.C.E., 79, (1953).

72. SIMONS, D. B. and ALBERTSON, M. L.: "Uniform water conveyance channels in alluvial material," J. of the Hydraulics Division, Paper No. 2484, Proc. A.S.C.E., May (1960), pp. 33-71.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

141

BLENCH, T.: Regime Behaviour of Canals and Rivers, Butterworths, London (1957).

HENDERSON, F. M.: Chapter 10 in Open Channel Flow, Collier-Mac­millan, London (1966).

LELIA VSKY, S.: An Introduction to Fluvial Hydraulics, Constable, London (1955).

LELIA VSKY, S.: "Design textbooks in civil engineering: 4." River and Canal Hydraulics, Chapman and Hall, London (1965).

KUIPER, E.: Chapter 4 in Water Resources Development, Butterworths, London (1965).

BROWN, C. B.: "Sediment transportation," Chapter 12 in Engineering Hydraulics (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1950).

Chapter 6 73. CHow, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

New York (1959), pp. 531-537. 74. HoRTON, R. E.: "The interpretation and application of run-off plot

experiments with reference to soil erosion problems," Proc. Soil Science Soc. of Am., 3, (1938), pp. 340-349.

75. SHERMAN, L. K.: "The unit hydrograph method," Chapter 11E in Hydrology (Editor: Meinzer, 0. E.), Dover Publications, New York (first published 1942).

76. KUIPER, E.: Water Resources Development, Butterworths, London (1965), pp. 94-101.

77. CHOW, V. T.: Open Channel Hydraulics, Chapter 20, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1959).

78. GILCREST, B. R.: "Flood routing," Engineering Hydraulics, Chapter 10 (Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1949).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HENDERSON, F. M.: Chapters 8 and 9 in Open Channel Flow, Collier­Macmillan, London (1966).

Sections 6.2-6.4 DE WEIST, R. J. M.: Chapters 2 in Geohydrology, John Wiley, New York

(1965). GILCREST, B. R.: "Flood routing," Chapter 10 in Engineering Hydraulics

(Editor: Rouse, H.), John Wiley, New York (1949).

list of Notations A cross-sectional area of flow A, C, H, M, S classification of surface profiles b, B width of channel; water surface width of channel b' channel bed width c wave celerity (velocity of propagation in still water) c suffix indicating critical flow conditions C coefficient C Chezy coefficient C n coefficient of discharge Cc coefficient of contraction Cv coefficient of velocity C L meander length coefficient Cw meander width coefficient C.D.L. critical depth line d depth of flow; maximum depth of flow in a cross-section d' depth of flow (supercritical) de critical depth of flow d1 height of hydraulic jump dm mean depth in a cross-section dm mean particle diameter do normal depth of flow dp maximum (centre line) depth in a cross-section D diameter of circular pipe E specific energy E trap efficiency of reservoir F suffix indicating conditions in a conduit flowing full F Froude number F, F' hydrostatic pressure force g accleration due to gravity gs bed load (weight) per unit volume h depth of water h vertical distance ha drop in water level past bridge piers he effective head above weir hr kinetic energy head h, H head H total energy i slope of total energy line I inflow K a friction coefficient K 'Conveyance' of a channel Ka a discharge coefficient

142

List of Notations 143 L length L width of weir (across channel) Lm length of meander m ratio of flow areas m hydraulic mean depth n unspecified integer n exponent n Manning roughness coefficient (also Kutter) N.D.L. normal depth line o suffix indicating uniform flow conditions 0 outflow p height of weir crest above channel bed p pressure p error value p.p.m. parts per million P wetted perimeter q discharge per unit width q error value Q total discharge; dominant discharge Qmax maximum probable discharge Q. volumetric rate of sediment inflow (per year) r error value R radius s sediment load in sample (weight/unit volume) s slope of channel bed S suspended load (tons/sec.) S storage

time v velocity v mean velocity in cross-section Vc critical velocity vw velocity of propagation of wave in moving stream Vs volume of reservoir storage lost per year to sediment w specific weight W weight of water W m width of meander x ratio of velocity values x distance along channel bed x horizontal distance from centre line of channel cross-section x length of hydraulic jump y vertical distance z horizontal distance in channel side slope ratio z vertical distance above datum level z depth of centroid of channel section below surface ex energy coefficient fJ momentum coefficient

144 list of Notations (} angle; angle of channel side slope v kinematic viscosity r/> angle of slope of total energy line rf> angle of repose of sediment (non-cohesive) under water '1T constant 1JI 'sediment characteristic' in bed load formula

Index

ACKERS, P. 8, 94 adverse slope 37, 40 afflux 92 Albertson, M. L. 106, 116 alluvial plains-see flood plains alternate depths 26, 27 angle of repose of sediment 102 anti dunes 102 attenuation of flood waves 78, 135 d'Aubuisson de Voisins 11

BACKWATER CURVE 36, 38 backwater curves, storage under 80,

135 Bagnold, R. A. 100 Bakmeteff, B. A. 27, 37, 57, 58 bank-full discharge 107 bank-full stage 15, 108 banks of river channels 101 barrages 81 base flow 127 bed form of channels 101 bed load, definition 100, 102

formulae 103 bed-movement of sediment 100 bends 13, 109, 112 Bernoulli equation 23, 24 best hydraulic section 15 Blaisdell, F. W. 72 Blench, T. 101, 114 bore, tidal 126 boundarylayertheory 14 Boyer, M. C. 14 Brater, E. F. 48, 55, 91 Bresse function 41 bridge piers, flow through 71 broad-crested weirs 91, 132

Brown, C. B. 115 Brown, J. G. 81

CANALISATION OF RIVERS 75 celerity of waves 122, 124 change of bed slope 50 channel sections, rectangular 16

semi-circular 16 trapezoidal 16, 17, 94

Chezy, A.-see Chow, V. T. 4 Chezy formula 3-5, 33, 35 Chow, V. T. 4, 13, 41, 59, 70, 94, 116,

123, 131 chutes 40, 110 circular conduits 19 closed conduits 18 coefficient, of contraction for sluices

85 of discharge, flow through a channel

constriction 71 for broad-crested weirs 91 for full width weirs 89 for fully contracted weirs 90 for sluices 85 for throated flumes 93 for V-notch weirs 90

energy coefficient oc 13, 26 Manning roughness coefficient 1/ 6,

14 table of values 7

momentum coefficient {3 56 of velocity for throated flumes 93

cohesive soils 110 Colby, B. R. 106 conduits, circular 19

closed 18 conjugate depths 57

145

146 Flow in Channels constriction, flow through a 71, 92 control of flow 75, 80 control sections 49, 86 control structures 49, 80 convergent channels 23 conveyance 8 cost of channel construction 15 Creager, W. P. 81 critical depth 27, 29

flow transition through 49 line (C.D.L.) 37

slope 32, 38 tractive force 17 tractive stress 103, 116 velocity 27, 29, 102

crossing bars 111 Crump, E. S. 94 Crump weir 94 current meters 95, 96 cut-offs 110

DAWSON, J. H. 71 dead storage in reservoirs 79, 118 Delleur, J. W. 14 delta construction in reservoirs 118 demand surge 126 density currents in reservoirs 118 density of sediment deposits 119 deposition of sediment, in channels

104 in reservoirs 79, 104

depth, critical 27, 29, 52 hydraulic mean 5 normal 9-11

depths, alternate 26, 27 conjugate 57

design of stable canals 114-117 direct integration of gradually varied

flow equation 40 direct jump-see hydraulic jump divergent channels 69 diversion channels for reservoirs 119 diversion dams-see barrages dominant discharge 107, 108, 109 drawdown curve 36, 38 drowned sluice 86 drum gates 83 Du Boy's formula 103 dunes 102, 106 Dupuit, A. J. 101 EFFECTIVE RAINFALL 127 efficiency of cross-section, hydraulic

15, 115

egg-shaped sewers 18 Einstein, H. A. 103 electronic computers for flood routing

131 empirical school (sediment transport)

101 empirical velocity formulae 3-9 energy coefficient ~ 13, 26 energy losses in channels 4, 24

in hydraulic jumps 58, 59 in waves 122 specific 24 total 23, 28

erodible material, flow in 98 error analysis of Chezy formula 8

FLOOD DETENTION RESERVOIRS 78, 132 flood plain zoning 113 flood plains, flow on 113

formation of 112 flood protection by levees 113

by reservoirs 77, 132 flood routing through open channels

129-131 through reservoirs 132-135

flood wave-hydrograph relationship 128

flood waves 78, 126 floods, 100-year flood prediction 111,

114 flow measurements 87 flow relationships, fundamental 14 force diagram 67 force-see specific force Formica, G. 71 Franzini, J. B. 80 free overfall 36, 50 Friedkin, J. F. 110 Froude number 27, 52, 58 functions of a river 73 fundamental flow relationships 14 fundamentalist school (sediment trans-

port) 101

GANGUILLET AND KUTTER FORMULA 5 Garde, R. J. 106 gates, hydraulic-sluice gates 61, 84

vertical lift gates 82 other types 83

gauging of rivers 94 Gibson, A. H. 12 Gilcrest, B. R. 79, 135 graded channels-see regime theory

Index 147 gradually varied flow 23

general equation of 33 direct integration of 40

graphical integration methods 41 gravel rivers 14

HAMILTON-SMITH EQUATION 90 Harrison, A. J. M. 94 head, specific-see specific energy height of hydraulic jump 59 Hembree, C. H. 106 Henry, H. R. 86 Hinds, J. 81 horizontal channel bed 38 Horton, R. E. 127 Hoyt, W. G. 74 hydraulic drop 37 hydraulic efficiency of cross-section

15 hydraulic jump 37, 52, 86

analysis 55 in a sloping channel 58 physical characteristics 59 stabilisation by submerged blocks

66 uses of the 54

hydraulic mean depth 5 hydro-electric power generation 79,

81, 118 hydrograph 78, 126, 127 hydrologic book-keeping equation 80

IcE COVER 21-22 lnce, S. 137, 140 Indian canal data 107, 111 inflow discharge 78, 129 Inglis meander formula 111 Ippen, A. T. 71, 87 isovels 11, 96

JUMP, HYDRAULIC-see hydraulic jump

Justin, J.D. 81

KALINSKE, A. A. 103 King, H. W. 48, 55, 91 Koelzer, V. A. 77 Kohler, M. A. (see under Linsley) 79 Kuiper, E. 79, 131 Kutter's TJ 5

LACEY 108 lag time 135

laminar flow 2 Lane, E. W. 116 Langbein, W. B. 74 Laursen, E. M. 106 Leliavsky, S. 81 levees 113 Linsley, R. K. 79 location of hydraulic jump 60 locus of critical points 28 loss of storage in reservoirs 119 loss of water from canals 76 loss of water from reservoirs 80 losses-see energy losses

MANNING FORMULA 5-6, 32, 35 Manning, R. 5 Manning roughness coefficient TJ 6,

14 table of values 7

Matzke, A. E. 58 maximum permissible velocity in

canals 115 meandering 107, 109-112 meander belt width 110 meander formula, Inglis 111 measurement of flow 87 Meinzer, 0. E. 79 mild slope 32, 38 Mitchell, W. D. 95 momentum coefficient fJ 56 momentum equation-application to

hydraulic jump 55 application to solitary wave 122 application to surge wave 124

monoclinal waves 54, 123 Morgan, E. E. (see Ganguillet and

Kutter) 6 Morris, H. M. 41, 108 multi-purpose reservoirs 79, 80

NAPPE 88, 89, 92 navigational requirements 76 nonuniform channel flow 23

definition of 3 normal depth 9-11

line (N.D.L.) 37 normal storage in reservoirs 79 notches 87 numerical step methods-direct step

method 42 flood routing methods 129-135 standard step method 46

148 Flow in Channels OBLIQUE SHOCK W A YES 72 orbital particle motion 123 outflow discharge 78, 129 overbank spill 113 overfall, free 36 ox-bow lakes 111

pARSHALL FLUME 94 Paulhus, J. L. H. (see under Linsley)

79 permissible canal velocities 115 piers-flow through bridge piers 71 Posey, C. J. 48 power generation with reservoirs 79 power storage 79 Prandtl, L. 14 prism storage 132, 135 profiles, longitudinal surface 35-48

RADIAL GATES 83 rainfall-discharge relationships 126-

128 Rao, V. S. 77 rapid flow-see supercritical flow rapidly varied flow 49 rationed storage 79 reach 129 rectangular channel section 11, 16 rectangular notch-see weirs regime method of canal design 114,

116 regime, rivers in 101, 107 regime theory-qualitative results

108, 109 regime equations 108

regulation of channels-see control of flow

regulators-see barrages Rehbock equation 89 rejection surge 126 reservoir useful life 79, 118 reservoirs-as channel surface profile

controls 50 flow between 51 functions of 76, 132

river, functions of a 73 river gauging 94 ripples 102 rolling gates 83 roughness coefficient 'rJ 6, 7, 14 Rouse, H. 13, 52, 54, 86

SALTATION 100

secondary circulation of the first kind 13, 110, 112

of the second kind 13 section factor 8 sediment-classification and origins

99 sediment deposition in reservoirs 79,

117 sediment removal from reservoirs 120 sediment transport 100--120 semi-circular channel sections 16 settling basins for reservoirs 80, 119 sewers 18 Sherman, L. K. 128 shooting flow-see supercritical flow silt-discharge curve 105 Simons, D. B. 116 slope critical 32 sluice gates 61, 84 sluice-horizontal forces on the struc-

ture 61 solitary waves 121, 126 specific energy 24, 57, 62 specific energy curve 26, 28 specific force 55, 57, 62, 65, 67 specific head-see specific energy Speight 111 spillway aprons 40 spillways 38, 40 stable canals design 114 stage 95 stage-discharge relationships 95, 130 stage-storage relationships 131 standing wave flume 93 standing wave train on surface 40 steady flow, definition of 2 steep slope 32, 40 storage-definitions 79, 80, 129, 131,

132 stratification in reservoirs 119 Straub, L. G. 103 streaming flow-see subcritical flow streamlines 112, 121 subcritical flow 27, 28 supercritical flow 27, 28, 71 submerged obstacles, forces on 64,

67 suppression of point of maximum

velocity 12 surface profiles, longitudinal-classifi­

cation 35-40 worked example 42-48

surges 124

Index 149 surge, demand 126

rejection 126 stationary-see hydraulic jump

suspended sediment load 100, 104, 117

movement 100, 104

TAINTOR GATES 83 Tennessee valley authority 74 throated flumes 92 tidal bore 126 total energy 23, 28 total energy line 24 total sediment load 106 tractive force, critical 17 tractive force design method 115-117 tranquil flow-see subcritical flow transitional jump-see hydraulic jump transitions-changes in cross-section

68-72 flow through critical depth 51-55

translatory wave motion 123 trap efficiency of reservoirs 79, 119 trapezoidal channel section 16, 17,

94 two-point method for mean velocity

determination 14, 105

UNDULAR JUMP-see hydraulic jump undular surge 125 uniform channel flow 2-22

definition of 3 computations 8

uniformly progressive wave 123 unit hydrograph 127

unsteady flow 121-135 definition of 2

VELOCITY-AREA METHODS 95, 96 velocity distribution-in a cross-section

11,96 in an ice-covered river 22 in a vertical 12, 14

velocity formulae, empirical 3-9 ventilation of weirs 88 vents 81 venturi flume--see throated flumes V -notch weirs 90

WASH LOAD 104 water conservation by reservoirs 79 Water Resources Act 1963 74 waves 121-126 waves, flood 78, 126

monoclinal 54, 123 solitary 121

Webber, N. B. 89 wedge storage 135 weirs-broad-crested weirs 91

full width weirs 88 fully contracted weirs 89 partially contracted weirs 89 thin-plate weirs 87-91 V -notch weirs 90

wetted perimeter 4, 116 width, changes in channel width 68-

72 Wilson, E. M. 128 Woodward, S. M. 46

YARNELL, D. L. 71