references - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6750/17/17_references.pdf ·...

REFERENCES

1. Abdel-Sater, M. A., & El-Said, A. H. M (2001) Xylan-decomposing fungi and

xylanolytic activity in agricultural and industrial wastes; Inter. Biodet. & Biodegr. 47:

15-21.

2. Ai, Z., Jiang, Z., Li, L., Deng, W., Kusakabe I. & Li, H. (2005) Immobilization of

Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 xylanase on Eudragit S-100 for xylo-

oligosaccharide production ; Process Biochem. 40 (8): 2707-2714.

3. Alam, M., Gomes, I., Mohiuddin, G. & Hoq, M. M. (1994) Production and

characterization of thermostable xylanases by Thermomyces lanuginosus and

Thermoascus aurantiacus grown on lignocelluloses ; Enzyme Microb. Technol.

16: 298-302.

4. Alconada, T. M. & Martinez, M. J. (1994) Purification and characterization of an

extracellular endo-1,4-�-xylanase from Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. melonis;

FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 118: 305-310.

5. Angelo, R., Aguirre, C., Curotto, E., Esposito, E., Fontana, J.D., Baron, M.,

Millagres, A. M. F. and Duran, N. (1997) Stability and chemical modification of

xylanase from Aspergillus sp. (2MI strain); Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 25: 19-27.

6. Anthony, T., Raj, K. C., Rajendran, A. & Gunasekaran, P. (2003) High molecular

weight cellulase-free xylanase from alkali- tolerant Aspergillus fumigatus AR1;

Enzyme Microb. Technol. 32: 647 –654.

7. Archana, A and Satyanarayana, T. (1997) Xylanase production by thermophilc

Bacillus licheniformis A99 in solid stae fermentation; Enzyme Microbial. Technol.

21: 12-17.

8. Arribas, A.R. Abalos, J. M. F., Sanchez, P., Garda, A. L. & Santamaria, R.L.

(1995) Overproduction, purification and biochemical characterization of a

xylanase (Xys 1) from Streptomyces halstedii JM8 ; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:

2414-2419.

182

9. Asther, M., Corrieu, G., Draprou, R. & Odier, E. (1987) Effect of Tween-80 and

oleic acid on ligninase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ONA-12;

Enzyme Microb. Technol. 9: 245-249.

10. Atkinson, B. & Mavituna, F. (1991a) Process biotechnology. In: Biochemical

Engineering and Biotechnology Handbook (2nd edition), Macmillan, London,

pp.43-81.

11. Bailey, M. J., Biely, P. & Poutanen, K. (1992) Interlaboratory testing of methods

for assay of xylanase activity; J. Biotechnol. 23: 257-70.

12. Bailey, M. J. & Poutanen, K. (1989) Production of xylanolytic enzymes by strains

of Aspergillus., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30: 5-10.

13. Bailey, M. J. & Viikari, L. (1993) Production of xylanases by Aspergillus

fumigatus and Aspergillus oryzae on xylan-based media; World J. Microbiol.

Biotechnol. 9: 80-84.

14. Bailey, M. J., Buchert, J. & Viikari, L. (1993) Effect of pH on production of

xylanase by Trichoderma reesei on xylan and cellulose-based media; Appl.

Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40: 224- 229.

15. Bajpai, P. (1997) Microbial Xylanolytic Enzyme System: Properties and

Applications; In: Advances in Applied Microbiology, Academic Press. 43:141-194.

16. Bajpai, P. (1999) Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry.

Biotechnol. Prog. 15: 147-157.

17. Bakir, U., Yuvascaoglu, S., Guvenc, F. & Ersayin, A. (2001) An endo-�-1,4-

xylanase from Rhizopus oryzae: production, partial purification and biochemical

characterization; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 29: 328-334.

18. Balakrishnan, H., Datta – Choudhary, M., Srinivasan, M. C. & Rele M. V. (1992)

Cellulase-free xylanase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. NCL-87-6-10; World J

Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8: 627-31.

References 183

19. Bansod, S. M., Datta – Choudharay, M., Srinivasan, M. C. and Rele, M. V.

(1993) Xylanase active at high pH from an alkalotolerant Cephalosporium

species; Biotechnol. Lett. 15: 965 – 970.

20. Bastawde, K. B. (1992) Xylan structure, microbial xylanases, and their mode of

action; World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8: 353-368.

21. Bedford, M. R. and Classen, H. L. (1992) In: Visser, J., Beldman, G.,

vanSomeren, M.A.K. & Voragen, A.G.J. (eds) Xylans and xylanases, Elsevier,

Amsterdam, pp. 361-370.

22. Beg, Q. K., Bhushan, B., Kapoor, M. & Hoondal, G.S. (2000c) Enhanced

production of a thermostable xylanase from Streptomyces sp. QG-11-3 and its

application in biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp; Enzyme Micob. Technol. 27:

459-466.

23. Beg, Q. K., Kapoor, M., Mahajan, L. & Hoondal, G.S. (2001) Microbial xylanases

and their industrial applications: a review; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 56: 326-

338.

24. Beg, Q. K., Bhushan, B., Kapoor, M. & Hoondal, G. S. (2000) Production and

characterization of thermostable xylanase and pectinase from Streptomyces sp.

QG-11-3; J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24: 396 – 402.

25. Belancic, A., Scarpa, J., Peirano, A., Diaz, R., Steiner, J. & Eyzaguirre, J. (1995)

Penicillium pupurogenum produces several xylanases: Purification and

properties of two of the xylanases; J. Biotechnol. 41: 71-79.

26. Berenger, J., Frixon, C., Creuzet, N. & Bigliardi, J. (1985) Production, purification,

and properties of thermostable xylanase from Clostridium stercorarium; Can. J.

Microbiol. 31: 635-643.

27. Berg, J. M., Tymoizko, J. L., Stryer, L. (2002) Protein structure and function. In:

Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. pp. 41-76.

184

28. Bergquist, P, Cubbs, M.D., Morris, D. D., Thompson, D.R., Uhl. A.M. & Daniel,

R.M. (2001) Hyperthermophilic xylanases; Methods. Enzymol. 330: 301.

29. Bhalerao, J., Patki, A.H. bhave, M., Khurana, I. & Deobagkar, D.N. (1990)

Molecular cloning and expression of a xylanase gene from Cellulomonas sp. into

Escherichia coli; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34: 71-76.

30. Bhalla, T. C. & Joshi, M. (1993) Production of cellulase and xylanase by

Trichoderma viridae and Aspergillus spp. on apple pomace., Ind. J. Microbiol.

33(4): 253-255.

31. Bhatt, A. K., Bhalla, T. C., Agrawal, H. O. & Sharma, N. (1994) Characterization

of xylanolytic activity of Flavobacterium sp. isolated from forest soil ; Ind. J.

Microbiol. 34(2): 119 – 123.

32. Biely, P. (1985) Microbial xylanolytic systems; Trends Biotechol. 3: 286-290.

33. Biely, P., Markovic, O. & Mislovicova, D. (1985) Sensitive detection of endo-1,4-�-

xylanases in gels; Anal. Biochem. 144: 147-151.

34. Bissoon, S., Christov, L. & Singh, S. (2002) Bleachboosting effects of purified

xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP on bagasse pulp; Process

Biochem. 37: 567-572.

35. Biswas, S. R, Jana, S .C., Mishra, A.K. & Nanda, G. (1990) Production,

Purification, and Characterization of Xylanase from a Hyperxylanolytic Mutant of

Aspergillus ochraceus ; Biotechnol. Bioengg. 35: 244-251.

36. Biswas, S. R., Mishra, A.K. & Nanda, G. (1988 b) Xylanase and �-xylosidase

production by Aspergillus ochraceus during growth on lignocelluloses;

Biotechnol. Bioengng., 31, 613-616.

37. Blanco, A., Vidal, T., Colom, J.F. & Pastor, F.I.J. (1995) Purification and

Properties of Xylanase A from Alkali-Tolerant Bacillus sp. Strain BP-23; Appl.

Environ. Microbiol. 61 (12): 4468 – 4470.

References 185

38. Brana – Castillo, B. E. & Berry, D. R. (1992) Xylanase biosynthesis by the wood-

rotting fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Prog. Biotechnol. 7: 523 – 528.

39. Brown, J. A., Collin, S. A. & Wood, T. M. (1987) Development of a medium for

high cellulase, xylanase and �-glucosidase production by a mutant strain (NTG

III/6) of the cellulolytic fungus Penicillium pinophilum ; Enzyme Microb. Technol.

9: 355-360.

40. Cannel, E. & Moo-Young, M. (1980) Solid-state fermentation systems; Process

Biochem. 15: June/July, 2-7.

41. Capalash, N., Gupta, K.G. & Sharma, P. (1991) Effects of additives on the

activity of Bacillus sp. �-xylanase; Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 12: 31-33.

42. Capalash, N., Sharma, P. & Gupta, K. G. (1990) Use of a modified cupric acetate

method for the detection and quantation of xylanolytic activities : a comparative

study with the congo red method; Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 10: 151-154.

43. Cardoso, O. A. V and Filho, E. X. F. (2003) Purification and characterization of a

novel cellulase-free xylanase from Acrophialophora nainiana., FEMS Microbiol.

Lett. 223: 309-314.

44. Carmona, E. C., Pizzironi-Kleiner, A. A., Monteiro, R.T.R. & Jorge, J. A. (1997)

Xylanase production by Aspergillus versicolor ; J. Basic Microbiol. 38(6): 387-394.

45. Carmona, E.C., Fialho, M.B., Buchgnani, E.B., Coelho, G.D., Brocheto – Braga, M.

R. & Jorge, J. A. (2005) Production, purification and characterization of a minor

form of xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor ; Process Biochem. 40: 359 – 364.

46. Chahal, D.S. (1991) Production of Trichoderma reesei cellulase system with high

hydrolytic potential by solid-state fermentation; In Enzymes in Biomass

Conversion. ACS Symp. Series, Vol. 460, ed. G.F. Leatham & M.E. Himmel.

American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 111-122.

186

47. Chaudharay, P. & Deobagkar, D. N. (1997) Purification and characterization

of xylanases from Cellulomonas sp. N.C.I.M. 2353; Biotechnol. Appl.

Biochem. 25: 127-133.

48. Chauthaiwale, V. & Deshpande, V. V. (1992) Molecular cloning and expression

of the xylanase gene from Chainia in Escherichia coli; FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

99: 265-270.

49. Chen, C., Chen, J. & Lin, T. (1997) Purification and characterization of a

xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum for xylooligosaccharide production;

Enzyme Microb. Technol. 21: 91-96.

50. Christakopoulos, P., Nerinckx, W., Kekos, D., Macris, B. & Claeyssens, M.

(1997) The alkaline xylanase III from Fusarium oxysporum F3 belongs to family

F / 10; Carbohydr. Res. 302: 191-195.

51. Christakopoulos, P., Kekos, D., Macris, B.J., Claeyssens, M. & Bhat, M.K. (1996

a) Purification and characterization of a major xylanase with cellulase and

transferase activities from Fusarium oxysporum; Carbohydr. Res. 289: 91-104.

52. Christakopoulos, P., Nerinckx, W., Kekos, D., Macris, B. & Claeyssens, M. (1996

b) Purification and characterization of two low molecular mass alkaline xylanases

from Fusarium oxysporum F3; J. Biotechnol. 51: 181-189.

53. Christov,L.P.,Szakacs,G.&Balakrishnan,H.(1999)Production,partial

characterization and use of fungal cellulase-free xylanases in pulp & paper

industry; Process Biochem. 34(5): 511-517.

54. Collins, T., Gerday, C., & Feller. G. (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and

extremophilic xylanases; FEMS Microbiol. Reviews. 29: 3-23.

55. Copa – Patino, J. L., Kim, Y.G. & Broda, P. (1993) Production and initial

characterization of the xylan-degrading system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium;

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40: 69 – 76.

References 187

56. Costa – Ferreira, M., Dias, A., Maximo, C., Morgado, M.J., Sena-Martins, G &

Duarte, J.C. (1994) Xylanolytic enzyme production by an Aspergillus niger

isolate; Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 44: 231 – 242.

57. Da Silva, R., Yim, D.K. & Park, Y. K. (1994) Application of thermostable

xylanases from Humicola sp. for pulp improvement; J. Ferment. Bioengng. 77:

109-111.

58. Das, A. and Nanda, G. (1995) Production of xylanolytic enzymes during growth

on pulverized grass by Aspergillus ochraceus 42; Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 20: 141-

144.

59. De Graaff, L. H., Van den Broeck, H. C. Van Ooijen, A. J. J. and Visser, J. (1994)

Regulation of the xylanase encoding xlnA gene of Aspergillus tubigensis;

Mol.Microbiol. 21, 1273-1281.

60. Dekker, R. F. H. & Richards, G. N. (1975) Purification, properties and mode of

action of hemicellulase – produced by Ceratocystis paradoxa; Carbohydr. Res.

39: 97-114.

61. Dekker, R. F. H. & Richards, G.N. (1976) Hemicellulases: Their occurrence,

purification, properties and mode of action., Adv. Carb. Chem. Biochem. 32:

277-352.

62. Deschamps, F. & Huet, M. C. (1985) Xylanase production in solid-state

fermentation: a study of its properties; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 22,177-180.

63. Deshpande, M. V., Srinivasan, M. C. & Deshmukh, S.S. (1987) Effect of fatty

acids on cellulase production by Penicillium funiculosum and its mutants;

Biotechnol. Lett. 9: 301-304.

64. Dey, D., Hinge, J., Shendye, A. & Rao, M. (1992) Purification and properties

of extracellular endoxylanases from alkalophilic thermophilic Bacillus sp.;

Can.J. Microbiol. 38: 436-442.

188

65. Dobozi, M. S. Szakacs, G. & Bruschi, C. V. (1992) Xylanase activity of

Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3466-3471.

66. Dominguez, J. M. (1998) Xylitol production by free and immobilized

Debaryomyces hansenii; Biotechnol. Lett. 20: 53-56.

67. Donald, K. A. G., Carle, A., Gibbs, M. D. & Bergquist, P. L. (1994) Production of

a bacterial thermophilic xylanase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Appl. Microbiol.


68. Duarate, J. C. & Costa-Ferreira (1994) Aspergilli and lignocellulosics: Enzymology

and biotechnological applications; FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 13: 377-386.

69. Duarte, M. C. T., Pellegrino, A. C. A., Portugal, E. P., Ponezi, A. N. & Franco, T.

T. (2000) Characterisation of alkaline xylanases from Bacillus pumilus; Braz. J.

Microbiol. 31: 90-94.

70. Dubeau, H., Chahal, D. S. & Ishaque, M. (1986) Production of xylanases by

Chaetomium cellulolyticum during growth on lignocelluloses; Biotechnol. Lett., 8,

445-448.

71. Dubeau, H., Chahal, D. S. & Ishaque, M. (1987) Xylanase of Chaetomium

cellulolyticum: its nature of production and hydrolytic potential; Biotechnol. Lett. 9:

275-280.

72. Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. & Smith, F. (1956) Col

orimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances; Anal.

Chem. 26: 350.

73. Due�as, R., Tengerdy, R. P. & Gutierrez-Correa, M. (1995) Cellulase production

by mixed fungi in solid-substrate fermentation of bagasse; World J. Microbiol.


74. Elegir, G., Sykes, M. & Jeffries, T. W. (1994) Purification, Characterization, and

Substrate Specificities of Multiple Xylanases from Streptomyces sp. Strain B-12-

2; Appl. Environ, Microbiol. 60: 2609-2615.

References 189

75. Elegir, G., Sykes, M. & Jeffries, T. W. (1995) Differential and synergistic action of

Streptomyces endoxylanases in prebleaching of kraft pulps; Enzyme and

Microbial Tech. 17: 954-959.

76. Esteban, R., Villanueva, J. R. & Villa, T. G. (1982) �-D-Xylanases of Bacillus

circulans WL-12; Can. J. Microbiol. 28: 733-739.

77. Flannigan, B. & Sellars, P. N. (1977) Amylase, �-glucosidase and �-xylosidase

activity of thermptolerant and thermophilic fungi isolated from barley.

Transaction of the British Mycological Society. 69, 316-317.

78. Farani de Souza, D., Marques de Souza, C. G. & Peralta, R. M. (2001) Effect of

easily metabolisable sugars in the production of xylanase by Aspergillus tamari in

solid-state fermentation; Process Biochem. 36: 835-838.

79. Farrel, R. L., Biely, P. & McKay, D. L. (1996) Production of hemicellulase by the

fungus Penicillium kloecheri; In Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry.

Proc. 6th Intern. Conf. Biotechnol. Pulp paper Ind., ed. E. Srebotnik & K.

Messner. Facultas – Universitatsverlag, Vienna, pp. 485- 489.

80. Fernandez – Espinar, M. T., Ramon, D., Pinaga, F. & Valles, S. (1992) Xylanase

production by Aspergillus nidulans; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 91: 91-96.

81. Fernandez-Espinar, M. T., Pinaga, F., Sanz, P., Ramon, D. & Valles, S. (1993)

Purification and characterization of a neutral endoxylanase from Aspergillus

nidulans; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 113: 223-228.

82. Fisher, F. & Cook, N. B (1998) Some opportunistic fungi. In: Fundamentals of

Diagnostic Mycology, W. B. Saunders Company (Publ.). pp 35-102.

83. Flint, H. J., Martin, J., McPherson, C. A., Daniel, A. S. & Zhang, J. X. (1993) A

bifunctional enzyme, with separate xylanase and �-(1,3-1,4) glucanase domains,

encoded by the xylanase D gene of Ruminococcus flavefaciens ; J. Bacteriol.

175: 2943-2951.

190

84. Flores, M. E., Perez, R. & Huitron, C. (1997) �-Xylosidase and xylanase

characterization and production by Streptomyces sp. CH-M-1035; Lett. Appl.

Microbiol. 24: 410-416.

85. Frederick, M. M., Kiang, C, -H., Frederick, J. R. & Reilly, P.J. (1984) Purification

and Characterization of Endo-Xylanases from Aspergillus niger.I. Two Isozymes

Active on Xylan Backbones near Branch Points; Biotechnol. Bioengng. XXVII:

525 – 532.

86. Funaguma, T., Naito, S., Morita, M., Okumara, M.,Sugiura, M. & Hara, A. (1991)

Purification and some properties of xylanase from Penicillium herquei Banier and

Sartory ; Agric. Biol. Chem. 55: 1163-1165.

87. Gamerith, G., Groicher, R., Zeilinger, S., Herzog, P. & Kubicek, C. P. (1992)

Cellulase-poor xylanases produced by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on

hemicellulose substrates; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 38: 315 – 322.

88. Garg, A. P., Roberts, J. C. & Mc Carthy, A. J. (1998) Bleach-boosting effect of

cellulase-free xylanases of Streptomyces thermoviolaceus and its comparison

with two commercial enzyme preparations on birchwood kraft pulp ; Enzyme

Microb. Technol. 22: 594-598.

89. Gascoigne, J. A. & Margaret, M. G. (1960) The Xylanases of Fusarium roseum;

J. Gen. Microbiol. 22: 242-248.

90. Gat, O., Lapidot, A., Alchana, T.I., Regueros, C. & Shoham, Y. (1994) Cloning

and DNA sequence of the gene coding for Bacillus stearothermophillus T-6

xylanase; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1889-1896.

91. Gawande, P. V. & Kamat, M. Y. (1999) Production of Aspergillus xylanase by

lignocellulosic waste fermentation and its application; J. Appl. Microbiol. 87:

511-519.

92. Gessesse, A. & Gashe, B. A (1997) Production of alkaline xylanase by an

alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. isolated from an alkaline soda lake; J. Appl. Microbiol, 83:

402-406.

References 191

93. Gessesse, A. (1998) Purification and Properties of Two Thermostable Alkaline

Xylanases from an Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (9):

3533-3535.

94. Ghanem, N. B., Yusef, H. H. & Mahrouse, H. K. (2000) Production of Aspergillus

terreus xylanase in solid-state cultures: application of the Plackett-Burman

experimental design to evaluate nutritional requirements; Biores.Technol. 73:

113-121.

95. Ghose, T. K. (1987) Measurement of Cellulase activities; Pure & Appl. Chem. 59

(2): 257-268.

96. Ghosh, V. K. & Deb, J. K. (1988) Production and characterization of xylanase

from Thielaviopsis basicola; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29: 44 – 47.

97. Gibbs, M. D., Reeves, R. A. & Bergquist, P. K. (1995) Cloning, sequencing and

expression of a xylanase gene from the extreme thermophilie Dictyoglomus

thermophilum Rt 46B.1 and activity of the enzyme on fiber-bound substrate ;

Appl. Enviorn. Microbiol. 61: 4403-4408.

98. Gilbert, H. J. and Hazlewood, G. P. (1993) Bacterial cellulases and xylanases; J.

Gen. Microbiol. 139: 187-194.

99. Gilbert, H. J., Sullivan, D. A., Jenkins, G., Kellett, L. E., Minton, N. P. & Hall, J.

(1988) Molecular cloning of multiple xylanase genes from Pseudomonas

fluorescens subsp. Cellulosa ; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134(Pt 12): 3239-3247.

100. Gilbert, M., Breuil, C. & Saddler, J. N. (1992) Characterisation of the enzymes

present in the cellulase system of Thielavia terrestris 255B; Biores. Technol. 39:

147-154.

101. Gomes , J., Purkarthofer, H., Hayn, M., Kapplmutler, J., Sinner, M. & Steiner, W.

(1993) Production of a high level of cellulase-free xylanase by the thermophilic

fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus in laboratory and pilot scales using

lignocellulosic materials ; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39: 700-707.

192

102. Gomes, D. J., Gomes, J. & Steiner, W. (1994 b) Production of highly

thermostable xylanase by a wild strain of thermophilic fungus Thermoascus

aurantiacus and partial characterization of the enzyme; J. Biotechnol. 37: 11-22.

103. Gomes, I., Gomes, J., Steiner, W. & Esterbauer, H. (1992) Production of

cellulase and xylanase by a wild strain of Trichoderma viride., Appl. Microbiol.

Biotechnol. 36: 701 – 707.

104. Gomes, J., Gomes, I., Kreiner, W., Esterbauer, H., Sinner, M. & Steiner, W.

(1993 a) Production of high level of cellulase-free and thermostable xylanase by

a wild strain of Thermomyces lanuginosus using beechwood xylan; J.

Biotechnol. 30: 283 – 297.

105. Gomes, J., Purkarthofer, H., Hayn, M., Kapplmuller, M., Sinner, M. & Steiner, W.

(1993 b) Production of a high level of cellulase-free xylanase by a thermophilic

fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus in laboratory and pilot scales using

lignocellulosic materials; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39: 700-707.

106. Grabski, A. C. & Jeffries, T. W. (1991) Production, Purification, and

characterization of �-(1-4)-Endoxylanase of Streptomyces roseiscleroticus., Appl.

Environ. Microbiol. 57(4) 987-992.

107. Gupta, S., Bhushan, B. & Hoondal, G.S. (1999) Enhanced production of

xylanase from Staphylococcus sp. SG-13 using amino acids; World J. Microbiol.


108. Gupta, S., Bhushan, B. & Hoondal, G. S. (2000) Isolation, purification and

characterization of xylanase from Staphylococcus sp. SG-13 and its application

in biobleaching of kraft pulp ; J. Appl. Microbiol, 88: 325-334.

109. Gupta, S., Kuhad, R. C., Bhushan, B. & Hoondal, G. S. (2001) Improved

xylanase production from a haloalkalophilic Staphylococcus sp. SG-13 using

inexpensive agricultural residues ; World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 5-8.

References 193

110. Haapala, R., Linko, S., Parkkinen, E. & Suominen, P. (1994) Production of endo-

1,4-�-glucanase and xylanase by Trichoderma reesei in shake-flask cultures;

Biotechnol. Techniques. 8: 401 – 406.

111. Haas, H., Herfurth, E., Stoffler, G. and Redl, B. (1992) Purification,

characterization and partial amino acid sequences of a xylanase produced by

Penicillium chrysogenum ; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1117: 279 – 286.

112. Hakulinen, N., Turunen, O., Jamis, J., Leisola, M. & Rouvinen, J. (2003) Three-

dimensional structures of thermophilic beta-1,4-xylanases from Chaetomium

thermophilum and Nonomuraea flexuosa. Comparison of twelve xylanases in

relation to their thermal stability; Eur. J. Biochem. 270: 1399-1412.

113. Haltrich, D. & Steiner, W. (1994) Formation of xylanase by Schizophyllum

commune: effect of medium components; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 16:

229-235.

114. Haltrich, D., Laussamayer, B. & Steiner, W. (1994) Xylanase formation by

Sclerotium rolfsii: effect of growth substrates and development of a culture

medium using statistically designed experiments; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42:

522 – 530.

115. Haltrich, D., Nidetzky, B., Kulbe, K. D., Steiner, W. & Zupanicic, S. (1996)

Production of fungal xylanases; Biores. Technol. 58: 137-161.

116. Haltrich, D., Preib, M., & Steiner, W. (1993) Optimization of a culture medium for

increased xylanase production by a wild strain of Schizophyllum commune;

Enzyme Microb. Technol. 15: 854 – 860.

117. Haltrich, D., Prenner, E., Prieb, M. & Steiner, W. (1992) Production of extremely

high values of xylanase activity by Schizophillum commune. In: Biotechnology in

the pulp and paper industry. Proc. 5th Inter. Conf. Biotechnol. Pulp Paper Ind.,

Ed. M. Kuwahara & M. Shimada. Uni Publishers, Tokyo, pp. 123-128.

118. Haltrich, D., Sebesta, B. & Steiner, W. (1995) Induction of xylanase and cellulase

in Schizophyllum commun; In Enzymatic Degradation of insoluble

194

carbohydrates. ACS Symp. Series, Vol. 618, ed. J.N. Saddler & M.H. Penner.

American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 305-318.

119. Hazlewood, G. P. & Gillbert, H. J. (1993) Molecular biology of hemicellulases; In:

Hemicelluloses and Hemicellulases, Coughlan, M.P. & Hazlewood, G.P. (Eds.)

Portland Press, London, 1993, 103-106.

120. Heck, J. X., Flores, S. H., Hertz, P. F. and Ayub, M. A. Z. (2005) Optimization of

cellulase-free xylanase activity produced by Bacillus coagulans BL69 in solid-

state cultivation; Process Biochem. 40: 107 – 112.

121. Helbers, K., Wilke, I. & Sonnewald, U. (1995) A thermostable xylanase from

Clostridium thermocellum expressed in the apoplast of transgenic tobacco has

no detrimental effects and is easily purified; Biotechnol. 13:63-66.

122. Henrissat, B. & Coutinho, P.M. (2001) Classification of glycoside hydrolases

and glycosyltransferases from hyperthermophiles; Methods in Enzymol. 330:

183-201.

123. Henrissat, B., Claeyssens, M., Tomme, P., Lemesle, L. & Mornon, J. P. (1989)

Cellulase families revealed by hydrophonbic cluster analysis; Gene 81: 83-95.

124. Honda, H. Kudo, T., Ikura, Y. Horikoshi, K. (1985 a) Two types of xylanases of

alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No. C-125; Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 538-542.

125. Hoog, G. S., Guarro, J., Gene, J. & Figueras, M.J. (2000) Hyphomycetes:

Aspergillus. In: Atlas of Clinical fungi. Central Bureau voor Schimmelcultures

Utrecht, The Netherlands.pp 505-506.

126. Hoq, M. M. & Deckwer, W. D. (1995) Cellulase-free xylanase by thermophilic

fungi: a comparison of xylanase production by two Thermomyces lanuginosus

strains; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43: 604 - 609.

127. Hoq, M. M., Hempel, C. & Deckwer, W. D. (1994) Cellulase-free xylanase by

Thermomyces lanuginosus RT9: effect of agitation, aeration, and medium

components on production; J. Biotechnol. 37: 49 – 58.

References 195

128. Hrmova, M., Biely, P. & Vrsanska, M. (1989) Cellulose and xylan degrading

enzymes of Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger; Enzyme Microb. Technol.

11: 610 – 616.

129. Hu, Y. J., Smith, D. C., Cheng, K. J. & Forsberg, C. W. (1991) Cloning of a

xylanase gene from Fibrobacter succinogenes 135 and its expression in

Escherichia coli ; Can. J. Microbiol. 37: 554-561.

130. Huang, L., Hseu, T. -H. and Wey, Ta. -T. (1991) Purification and characterization

of an endoxylanase from Trichoderma koningii G-39; Biochem. J. 278: 329 -333.

131. Ito, K., Ikemasu, T. & Ishikawa, T. (1992) Cloning and sequencing of Xyn A gene

encoding xylanase A of Aspergillus kawachii; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.56:

906-912.

132. Ito, K., Ogasawara, H., Sugimoto, T., Ishikawa, T., (1992 a) Purification and

properties of acid stable xylanases from Aspergillus kawachii; Biosci. Biotechnol.

Biochem. 56: 547 – 550.

133. Jain, A. (1995) Production of Xylanase by Thermophilic Melanocarpus

albomyces IIS-68; Process Biochem. 30: 705-709.

134. Jimenez, L., Martinez, C., Perez, I. & Lopez, F. (1997) Biobleaching procedures

for pulp from agricultural residues using Phanerchaete chrysosporium and

enzymes; Process Biochem. 32(4): 297-304.

135. Johnson, L. I. & Curl, E. A. (1972) Methods for Research on Ecology of Soil-born

Pathogens ; Burgess Publication Co, Minneapolis, pp. 247.

136. Jorgensen, H., Morkeberg, A., Krogh, K.B.R. & Olsson, L. (2004) Growth and

enzyme production by three Penicillium species on monosaccharides; J.


137. Joseleau, J. P., Comtat, J. & Ruel, K. (1992) In: Visser, J., Beldman, G.,

VanSomeren, M. A. K. & Voragen, A.G.J. (eds) In: Xylans and xylanases.;

Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1-15.

196

138. Kadowaki, M. K. (1997) Xylanase production by Aspergillus tamari. Appl.

Biochem. Biotechnol. 66: 97-106.

139. Kang, M. K., Maeng, P. J. & Rhee, Y. H. (1996) Purification and Characterization

of Two Xylanases from Alkalophilic Cephalosporium sp. Strain RYM-202; Appl.

Environ. Microbiol. 62(9): 3480 – 3482.

140. Kang, S. W., Kim, S. W. & Lee, J.S. (1995) Production of cellulase and xylanase

in a bubble column using immobilized Aspergillus niger KKS; Appl. Biochem.

Biotechnol., 53: 101-106.

141. Katapodis, P., Vrsanska, M. Kekos, D., Nerinckx, W., Biely, P., Claeyssens, M.,

Macris, B.J. & Christakopoulos, P. (2003) Biochemical and catalytic properties of

an endoxylanase purified from the culture filtrate of Sporotricum thermophile.,

Carb. Res: 338: 1881-1890.

142. Kaur, G. & Satyanarayana, T. (2004) Production of extracellular pectinolytic,

cellulolytic and xylanoytic enzymes by thermophilic mould Sporotrichum

thermophile in solid state fermentation; Ind. J. Biotechnol. 3: 552-557.

143. Kawai, M., Noguchi, S., Shimura, G., Suga, Y. & Samejima, H. (1978) Effect of

some different culture conditions on production of cellulolytic and plant tissue

macerating enzymes by Irpex lacteus ; Fr. Agric. Biol. Chem., 42: 333 – 337.

144. Kazuya, H., Youchi, N., Taksuro, M., Nachiro, M., Tai., U., Heido, S., Kazuo, K. &

Michio, K. (1997) Purification and properties of a low temperature active enzyme

degrading both cellulose and xylan from Acremonium alcalophilum JCM 7366 ;

Seibutsu Kogaku Kaishi. 75: 9-14

145. Keskar, S. S. (1992) High Activity Xylanase from thermotolerant Streptomyces

T7: Cultural conditions and enzyme properties; Biotechnol. Lett. 14(6): 481-486.

146. Khanna, P., Sundari, S. S. & Kumar, N. J. (1995) Production, isolation and partial

purification of xylanases from an Aspergillus sp.; World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

11: 242 – 243.

References 197

147. Khanna, S. & Gauri (1993) Regulation, purification, and properties of xylanase

from Cellulomonas fimi; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 15: 990-995.

148. Khasin, A., Alchanati, I. & Shoham, Y. (1993) Purification and characterization of

a thermostable xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6; Appl. Environ.

Microbiol. 59(6): 1725-1730.

149. Kitpreechavanich, V., Srisuk, W. & Lotong, N. (1992) Production of �-xylanase

and �-xylosidase by Aspergillus fumigatus using solid-state cultivation; Prog.


150. Kitpreechavanich, V., Hayashi, M. & Nagai, S. (1984) Production of xylan-

degrading enzymes by thermophilic fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Humicola

lanuginose ; J. Ferment. Technol. 62: 63-69.

151. Kolenova, K., Vrsanska, M. & Biely, P. (2005) Purification and characterization of

two minor endo-�-1,4-xylanases of Schizophyllum commune ; Enzyme Microb.

Technol. 36 (7): 903-910.

152. Koo, B.J., Oh, H. G., Chu, K. H., Yung, C. K., Jung, K. H. & Ryu, D. Y. (1996)

Purification and characterization of Clostridium thermocellum xylanase from

recombinant Escherichia coli; J. Microbiol. 6: 414-419.

153. Kubata, B. K., Suzuki, T., Horitsu, H., Kawai, K. & Takamizawa, K. (1994)

Purification and characterization of Aeromonas caviae ME-1 Xylanase V,

which produces exclusively Xylobiose from Xylan; Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

60(2): 531-535.

154. Kudo, J., Ohkoshi, A. & Horikoshi, K. (1985) Molecular cloning and expression of

a xylanase gene of alkalophilic Aeromonas sp. No. 212 in Escherichia coli; J.

Gen. Microbiol. 13: 2825-2830.

155. Kuhad, R. C., Manchanda, M. & Singh, A. (1998) Optimizatiion of xylanase

production by a hyperxylanolytic mutant strain of Fusarium oxysporum; Process

Biochem. 33(6): 641 – 647.

198

156. Kuhad, R. C. & Singh, A. (1993) Lignocellulosic biotechnology: current and future

prospects; Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 13: 151-172.

157. Kulkarni, N. & Rao, M. (1996) Application of xylanase from alkaliphilic

thermophilic Bacillus sp. NCIM 59 in bio-bleaching of bagasse pulp; J.


158. Kulkarni, N., Shendye, A. & Rao, M. (1999) Molecular and biotechnological

aspects of xylanases; FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23: 411-456.

159. Kvesitadze, K., Adeishvili, E. Gomarteli, M. Kvachadze, L. & Kvesitadze. G.

(1999) Cellulase and xylanase activity of fungi in a collection isolated from the

southern Caucasus., Inter. Biodet. Biodegr. 43: 189-196.

160. La Grange, D. C., Pretorius, I. S. & Van Zyl, W. H. (1996) Expression of a

Trichoderma reesei beta-xylanase gene (XYN2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae;

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 1036-1044.

161. Lachke, A. H. (1988) 1,4-�-D-Xylan Xylohydrolase of Sclerotium rolfsii; Methods

in Enzymology. 160: 679-684.

162. Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the

head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227:680-685.

163. Lappalainen, A., Siika-Aho, M., Kalkkinen, N., Fagerstrom, R. & Tenkanen, M.

(2000) Endoxylanase II from Trichoderma reesei has several isoforms with

different isoelectric points., Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem: 31: 61-68.

164. Leathers, T. D. (1989) Purification and properties of xylanase from

Aureobasidium; J. Ind. Microbiol. 4: 341-348.

165. Lee, T. M. T., Hu, Y., Zhu, K. J. H., Cheng, K. J., Krell, P. J. & Forseberg,

C.W. (1993) Cloning of a xylanase gene from the ruminal fungus

Neocallimastix patriciarum 27 and its expression in Escherichia coli ; Can. J.

Microbiol. 39: 134-139.

References 199

166. Levin, L. & Forchiassin, F. (1998) Influence of growth conditions on the

production of xylanolytic enzymes by Trametes trogii; World J. Microbiol.

Biotechnol, 14: 443-446.

167. Li, X. T., Jiang, Z.Q., Li, L. T., Yang, S.Q., Feng, W.Y., Fan, J.Y. and Kusakabe,

I. (2005) Characterization of a cellulase-free, neutral xylanase from

Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS 288.54 and its biobleaching effect on wheat

straw pulp ; Biores. Technol. 96 (12): 1370-1379.

168. Li, X., Zhang, Z., Dean, J. F. D., Eriksson, K. L. & Ljungdahl, L. G. (1993)

Purification and characterization of a new xylanase (APX-II) from the fungus

Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1 ; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 3212-3218.

169. Li, X. L. & Ljungdahl, L. G. (1996) Expression of Aureobasidium pullulans Xyn A

in, and secretion of the xylanase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Appl. Environ.

Microbiol. 62: 209-213.

170. Lin, J., Ndlovu, L. M., Singh, S. & Pillay, B. (1999) Purification and biochemical

characteristics of �-D-xylanase from a thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces

lanuginosus- SSBP., Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 30: 73 – 79.

171. Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., Randall, R. J.(1951) Protein

measurement with the Folin phenol reagent ; J. Biol. Chem. 193 : 265-275.

172. Lumba, F.L. & Penninckx, M.J. (1992) Characterisation of the multiple forms of

�-xylanase produced by a Streptomyces sp. growing on lignocellulose, Appl.


173. Luthi, E., Love, D. R., Anulty, J. Mc.., Wallace, C., Caughey, P. A., Saul, D. &

Bergquist, P. L. (1990) Cloning, sequence analysis and expression of genes

encoding xylan-degrading enzymes from the thermophile Caldocellum

saccharolyticum; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1017-1024.

174. Maat, J., Roza, M., Verbakel, J., Stam, H., deSilra, M. J. S., Egmond, M. R.,

Hagemans, M. L. D., vanGarcom , R. F. M., Hessing, J. G. M., van Denhondel,

C. A. M. J. J., van Rotterdam, C.(1992) In: Visser, J., Beldman, G., vanSomeren,

200

M. A. K. and Voragen, A. G. J. (eds) Xylans and xylanases. Elsevier, Amsterdam,

pp. 349-360

175. Madlala, A. M., Bissoon, S., Singh, S. and Christov, L. (2001) Xylanase-induced

reduction of chlorine dioxide consumption during elemental chlorine-free

bleaching of different pulp types; Biotechnol.lett. 23: 345-351.

176. Magnuson, T. S. & Crawford, D. L. (1997) Purification and characterization of an

alkaline xylanase from Streptomyces viridosporus T7A; Enzyme Microb.

Technol. 21: 160-164.

177. Maheswari, M. U. & Chandra, T. S. (2000) Production and potential applications

of a xylanase from a new strain of Streptomyces cuspidosporus; World

J.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16: 257-263.

178. Malarvizhi, K., Murugesan, K. & Kalaichelvan, P. T. (2003) Xylanase production

by Ganoderma lucidum on liquid and solid state fermentation., Ind. J. Exp. Biol.

41: 620-626.

179. Mannarelli, B. M., Evans, S. & Lee, D. (1990) Cloning sequencing and

expression of a xylanase gene from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio

fibrisolvens ; J. Bacteriol. 172: 4247-4254.

180. Marui, M., Nakanishi, K.& Tsueneo, Y. (1985) Immunological properties and

constituent amino acids of three xylanases produced inductively from

Streptomyces sp.; Agric. Biol. Chem. 49: 3409-3413.

181. Mathrani, I.M. and Ahring, B.K. (1992) Thermophilic and alkalophilic xylanases

from several Dictyoglomus isolates; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 38: 23-27.

182. Matsumura, S., Sakiyama, K, and Toshima, K. (1999) Preparation of octyl-�-D-

dylobioside and xyloside by xylanase catalyzed direct transglycosylation reaction

of xylan and octanol; Biotchnol. Lett. 21:17-22.

References 201

183. Matte, A. & Forsberg, C. W. (1992) Purification, characterization and mode of

action of endoxylanases 1 and 2 from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85; Appl.

Environ. Microbiol. 58: 157-168.

184. Medeiros, R. G., Hanada, R. & Filho, E. X. F. (2003) Production of xylan-

dgrading enzymes from Amazon forest fungal species., Inter.Biodeter.

Biodegr. 52, 97-100.

185. Merivuori, H., Sands, J. A. & Montenecourt, B. S. (1985) Effects of tunicamycin

on secretion and enzymatic activities of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei.; Appl.


186. Milagres, A. M. F & Duran, N. (1992) Xylanolytic enzymes from Penicillium

janthinellum and its applications in bleaching of pulp; Prog. Biotechnol. 7: 539- 545.

187. Milagres, A.M.F. & Sales, R.M. (2001) Evaluating the basidiomycetes Poria

medulla-panis and Wolfiporia cocos for xylanase production., Enzyme Microb.

Technol. 28: 522-526.

188. Milagres, A. M. F., Lacis, L. S. & Prade, R. A. (1993) Characterisation of

xylanase production by a local isolate of Penicillium janthinellum., Enzyme

Microb. Technol. 15: 248 – 253.

189. Miller, L. G., (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of

reducing sugar; Anal. Chem., 31: 426-428.

190. Miller, T. L. & Churchill, B. W. (1986) Substrates for large scale fermentations. In:

Manual of Industrial Microbiology, eds. Demain A. L. & Solomons N. A. American

Society for Microbiology, Washington D. C. Pp.122-136.

191. Monti, R., Terenzi, H. F. & Jorge, J. A. (1991) Purification and properties of an

extracellular xylanase from the thermophilic fungus Humicola grisea var.

thermoidea; Can. J. Microbiol. 37: 675 – 681.

202

192. Morales, P., Madarro, A., Flors, A., Sendra, J. M. and Perez-Gonzalez, J. A.

(1995) Purification and characterization of a xylanase and an arabinofuranosidase

from Bacillus polymyxa; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17: 424-429.

193. Moreau, R. A., Powell, M. J., Whitaker, B. D., Bailey, B. A. & Anderson, J. D.

(1994) Xylanase treatment of plant cell induces glycosylation and fatty acylation

of phytosterols ; Physiol. Plant. 91: 575-580.

194. Morosoli, R., Zalce, E., Moreau, A. & Durand, S. (1992) Secretion of a xylanase

from Cryptococcus albidus by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis ; In:

Xylans and Xylanases Ed. Visser, J., Beldman, G., Someren, M.A.K. & Voragen,

A.G.J. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp-247-258.

195. Mountfort, D. O. & Asher, R. A. (1989) Production of xylanase by the ruminal

anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55(4):

1016-1022.

196. Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Paul, S., Roy, A. & Chatterjee, S. P. (1997) Xylanolytic

Enzyme production by Aspergillus flavipes; Ind. J. Microbiol. 37: 77-80.

197. Nakamura, S., Nakai, R., Wajabatacgu, K., Ishiguro, Y., Aono, R. & Horikoshi, K.

(1994) Thermophilic alkaline xylanase from newly isolated alkaliphilic and

thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 58: 78-81.

198. Nakamura, S., Wakabayashi, K., Nakai, R., Aono, R. & Horikoshi, K. (1993)

Purification and some properties of an alkaline xylanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus

sp. strain 41M-1; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59(7): 2311-2316.

199. Ohkoshi, A., Kudo, T., Mase, T. & Horikoshi, K. (1985) Purification of Three

Types of Xylanases from an Alkaliphilic Aeromonas sp.; Agric. Biol. Chem. 49

(10): 3037 – 3038.

200. Okazaki, W., Akiba, T., Horikoshi, K. & Akahoshi, R. (1985) Purification and

Characterization of Xylanases from Alkalophilic Thermophilic Bacillus sp.; Agric.

Biol. Chem. 49: 2033-2039.

References 203

201. Okeke, B.C. & Obi, S.K.C. (1993) Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic

enzymes by an Arthrographis species; World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 9:

345-349.

202. Okeke, B.C. & Obi, S.K.C. (1992) Preliminary studies on a xylanase from an

Arthrographis species; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 96: 43-48.

203. Olsson, L., Christensen, T. M .I. E., Hansen, K. P. and Palmquist, E. A (2003)

Influence of the carbon source on production of cellulases, hemicellulases and

pectinases by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 33:

612-619.

204. Olsson, L., Hahn-Hagerdal, B. (1996) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates

for ethanol production; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 18: 312 –331.

205. Ortega, G. M., Martinez, E. O., Gonzalez, P. C., Betancourt, D. & Otero, M. A.

(1993) Enzyme activities and substrate degradation during white rot fungi growth

on sugarcane straw in a solid-state fermentation ; World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

9: 210-212.

206. Ozcan, S., Kotter, P. & Ciriacy, M. (1991) Xylan-hydrolysing enzymes of the

yeast Pichia stipitis; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 36: 190-195.

207. Paice, M.G., Gurnagul, N., Page, D.H. and Jurasek, L. (1992) Mechanism of

hemicellulose directed prebleaching of kraft pulp; Enzyme Microb. Technol, 14:

272-276.

208. Pajni, S., Dhillon, N., Vadehra, D. V. & Sharma, P. (1989) Carboxymethyl

Cellulase, �-Glucosidase and Xylanase Production by Bacillus Isolates from Soil;

Inter.Biodet. 25: 1-5.

209. Palma, M. B., Milagres, A. M. F., Prata, A. M. R. & Mancilha, I. M. (1996) Influence

of Aeration and Agitation Rate on the Xylanase activity from Penicillium

janthinellum; Process Biochem. 31(2): 141-145.

204

210. Panda, T. (1989) Simulation of shake-flask conditions in a bioreactor for the

biosynthesis of cellulase and xylanase by a mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei

D1-6 and Aspergillus wentii Pt 2804 ; Process Brochem. 24: 104 – 108.

211. Park, Y. S., Kang, S.W., Lee, J.S., Hong, S.L. and Kim, S.W. (2002) Xylanase

production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger mutant using statistical

experimental designs; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 58: 761-766.

212. Patel, A. N., Grabski, A. C. & Jeffries, T.W. (1993) Chromophore release from

kraft pulp by purified Streptomyces roseiscleroticus xylanase; Appl. Microbiol.


213. Peltonen, S. (1995) Comparison of xylanase production by fungal pathogens of

barley with special reference to Bipolaris sorokiniana; Mycol. Res. 99: 717 – 723.

214. Peltonen, S., Karjalainen, R. and Niku – Paavola, M. (1994) Purification and

characterization of a xylanase from Bipolaris sorokiniana; Myco. Res. 98 (1) 67-73.

215. Pham, P.L., Taillandier, P., Delmas, M. & Strehaiano, P. (1998) Production of

xylanases by Bacillus polymyxa using lignocellulosic wastes; Indust. Crops.

Prod. 7: 195-203.

216. Prasertsan, P. & Oi, S. (1992) Production of cellulolytic enzymes from fungi and

use in the saccharification of palm cake and palm fiber; World J. Microbiol.


217. Priem, B., Dobberstein, J. & Emeis, C.C. (1991) Production of �-1,4-xylanase in

continous culture by Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 58475; Biotechnol. Lett. 13:

149 – 154.

218. Puchart, V., Katapodis, P., Biely, P., Kremnicky, L., Christako-poulos,P.,

Vrsanska, M., Kekos, D., Macris, B.J. and Bhat, M.K. (1999) Production of

xylanases, mannanases, and pectinases by the thermophilic fungus

Thermomyces lanuginosus., Enzyme Microb. Technol, 24:355-361.

References 205

219. Purkarthofer, H., Sinner, M. & Steiner, W. (1993 a) Cellulase –free xylanase from

Thermomyces lanuginosus: optimization of production in submerged and solid-

state culture: Enzyme Microb. Technol. 15: 677-682.

220. Purkarthofer, H., Sinner, M. & Steiner, W. (1993 b) Effect of shear rate and

culture pH on the production of xylanase by Thermomyces lanuginosus ;

Biotechnol. Lett. 15, 405-410.

221. Qureshy, A.F., Khan, L.A. & Khanna, S. (2002) Cloning, Regulation and

Purification of Cellulase-Free Xylanase from Bacillus ciculans Teri-42 ; Ind. J.

Microbiol. 42: 35-41.

222. Raj, K.C. & Chandra, T.S. (1995) A cellulase-free xylanase from alkali-tolerant

Aspergillus fischeri Fxn1; Biotechol. Lett. 17: 309 – 314.

223. Raj, K.C. & Chandra, T.S. (1996) Purification and characterization of xylanase

from alkali-tolerant Aspergillus fischeri Fxn1; Microbiol. Lett. 145: 457-461.

224. Rajaram, S. & Varma, A. (1990) Production and characterization of xylanase

from Bacillus thermoalkalophilus grown on agricultural wastes; Appl. Microbiol.

Biotechnol. 34 : 141-144.

225. Rana, B.K., Johri, B.N. & Thakur, I.S. (1996) Formation and activities of xylan-

hydrolysing enzymes of Humicola grisea var thermoidea; World J. Microbiol.


226. Rani, D.N. & Nand, K. (2000) Production of Thermostable cellulase-free

xylanase by Clostridium absonum CFR-702; Proc. Biochem 36: 355-362.

227. Rani, S. and Nand, K. (1996) Development of cellulase-free xylanase producing

anaerobic consortia for the use of lignocellulosic wastes. Enzyme Microb.

Technol. 18: 23-28.

228. Ratanakhanokchai, K., Kyu, K.L. and Tanticharoen, M. (1999) Purification and

Properties of a Xylan-Binding Endoxylanase from Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Strain

K-1; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65(2): 694-697.

206

229. Ratto, M., Poutanen, K. & Viikari, L. (1992) Production of xylanolytic enzymes by

an alkalitolerant Bacillus circulans strain; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 470-473.

230. Rawashdeh, R., Saadoun, I. & Mahasneh, A. (2005) Effect of cultural conditions

on xylanase production by Streptomyces sp. (strain lb 24D) and its potential to

utilize tomato pomace; African J. Biotechnol. 4(3): 251-255.

231. Reis, S.D., Costa, M. A. F., Peralta, R. M. (2003) Xylanase production by a wild

strain of Aspergillus nidulans; Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences. 25(1): 221-225.

232. Rezende, M.I., Barbosa, A.M., Vasconcelos, A.F.D. and Endo, A.S. (2002)

Xylanase production by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai by solid state fermentation

on sugarcane bagasse; Braz. J. Microbiol. 33 (1).

233. Rifaat, H. M., Nagieb, Z. A. & Ahmed, Y. M. (2005) Production of xylanases by

Streptomyces species and their bleaching effect on rice straw pulp; Appl. Ecol.

Environ. Res. 4(1): 151-160.

234. Ritschkoff, A. C., Buchert, J & Viikari, L. (1994) Purification and characterization

of a thermophilic xylanase from the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum ; J.

Biotechnol. 32: 67 – 74.

235. Romanos, M. A., Scorer, C. A. & Clare, J. J. (1992) Foreign gene expression in

yeast, a review ; Yeast 8: 423-488.

236. Royer, J. C. & Nakas, J. P. (1989) Xylanase production by Trichoderma

longibrachiatum; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11: 405 – 410.

237. Ruckmani, A and Rajendran, A. (2001) Production of cellulase-poor xylanase by

an alkali tolerant strain of Aspergillus flavus., Ind. J. Microbol. 41: 115-117.

238. Saha, B. C. (2001) Xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium verticillioides

capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 56: 762-766.

239. Sakka, K., Kojima, Y., Yoshikawa, K. & Shimada, K. (1990) Cloning and

expression in Escherichia coli of Clostridium stercorarium strain F-9 genes ;

Agric. Biol. Chem. 54: 337-342.

References 207

240. Sakka, K., Maeda, Y., Hakamada, Y., Takahashi, N. & Shimada, K. (1990)

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of Clostridium stercorarium strain F-9

genes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55: 247 – 248.

241. Salles, B. C. Cunha, R. B., Fontes, W., Souza, M. V. & Filho, E. X. F.(2000)

Purification and characterization of a new xylanase from Acrophialophora

nainiana., J. Biotechnol. 81: 199-204.

242. Salles, B. C., Medeiros, R. G., Bao, S. N., Silva Jr, F. G. & Filho, E. X. F.

(2005) Effect of cellulase-free xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana and

Humicola grisea var. thermoidea on eucalyptus kraft pulp; Process Biochem.

40: 343 – 349.

243. Sandrim, V. C., Rizzatti, A. C. S., Terenzi, H. F., Jorge, J. A., Milagres, A. M. F. &

Polizeli, M. L. T. M. (2005) Purification and biochemical characterization of two

xylanases produced by Aspergillus caespitosus and their potential for kraft pulp

bleaching; Process Biochem. 40: 1823-1828.

244. Sa-Pereira, P., Costa-Ferreira, M., Aires-Barros, M. A. (2002) Enzymatic

properties of a neutral endo-1,3(4)-�-xylanase Xyl II from Bacillus subtilis; J.


245. Scheirlinck, T., DeMuttar, J., Arnaut, G., Joos, H., Claeyssens, M. & Michiels, F.

(1990) Cloning and expression of cellulase and xylanase genes in Lactobacillus

plantarum; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33: 534-541.

246. Segura, B.G. & Fevre, M. (1993) Purification and characterization of two 1,4- �-

xylan endohydrolases from the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis ; Appl.

Environ. Microbiol. 59: 3654-3660.

247. Senior, D. J., Mayers, P. R. & Saddler, J. N. (1989 b) Xylanase production by

Trichoderma harzianum E58; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31: 137-142.

248. Senthilkumar, S. R., Ashok Kumar, B., Raj, K. C. & Gunasekaran, P. (2005)

Optimization of medium composition for alkali-stable xylanase production by

208

Aspergillus fischeri Fxn 1 in solid-state fermentation using central composite

rotary design ; Biores. Technol. 96 (12): 1380 – 1386.

249. Service, C.M., Lumba, F.L., Pinnincky, M. & Dusart, J. (1992) Cloning of a

xylanase from Streptomyces sp. EC 3. In : Xylans and Xylanases Ed. Visser, J.,

Beldman, G., Someren, M.A.K. & Voragen, A.G.J. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp.

451-454.

250. Seyis, I. & Aksoz, N. (2003) Determination of some physiological factors

affecting xylanase production from Trichoderma harzianum 1073 D3;

Microbiologica. 26: 89-95.

251. Seyis, I. & Aksoz, N. (2005) Xylanase Production from Trichoderma harzianum

1073 D3 with Alternative Carbon and Nitrogen Sources; Food Technol.

Biotechnol. 43(1): 37-40.

252. Seyis, I. & Akzoz, N. (2005) Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on

xylanase production by Trichoderma harzianum 1073 D3; Int. Biodet.

Biodegr. 55: 115-119.

253. Shah, A. R, & Mandamwar, D. (2005) Xylanase production by a newly

isolated Aspergillus foetidus strain and its characterization; Process

Biochem. 40: 1763 – 1771.

254. Shamala, T. R. & Sreekantiah, K. R. (1986) Production of cellulases and

D-xylanase by some selected fungal isolates; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 8:

178-182.

255. Sharma, H. S. S. (1987) Enzymatic degradation of residual non-cellulosic

polysaccharides present on dew-retted flax fibers; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

26: 358-362.

256. Shendye, A & Rao, M. (1993 a) Cloning and extracellular expression in

Escherichia coli of xylanases from an alkaliphilic thermophilic Bacilllus sp. NCIM

59; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 108: 297-302.

References 209

257. Shendye, A. & Rao, M. (1993 b) Chromosomal gene integration and enhanced

xylanase production in alkalophilic thermophilic Bacillus sp. (NCIM 59) ;

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195: 776-784.

258. Sigoillot, C., Lomascolo, A., Record, E., Robert, J.L., Asther, M. & Sigoillot, J.C.

(2002) Lignocellulolytic and hemicellulolytic system of Pycnocarpus

cinnabarinus: isolation and characterization of a cellobiose dehydrogenase and a

new xylanase., Enzyme Microb. Technol. 31: 876-883.

259. Silveira, F. Q. P., Souza, M. V., Ricart, C. A. O., Milagres, A. M. F., Medeiros, C.

L. & Filho, E. X. F. (1999) A new xylanase from a Trichoderma harzianum strain;

J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23: 682-685.

260. Singh, A., Abidi, A. B., Darmawal, N. S. & Agrawal, A. K. (1991) Influence of

nutritional factors on cellulase production from natural lignocellulosic residues by

Aspergillus niger ; Agric. Biol. Res. 7: 19-27.

261. Singh, A., Kuhad, R. C. & Kumar, M. (1995) Xylanase production by a

hyperxylanolytic mutant of Fusarium oxysporum; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17:

551 - 553.

262. Sinha, N. & Sengupta, S. (1995) Simultaneous production of

�-arabinofuranosidase and xylanase by Termitomyces clypeatus; World J.

Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11: 359 – 360.

263. Smith, D. C. & Wood, T. M. (1991 b) Xylanase Production by Aspergillus

awamori. Development of a Medium and Optimization of the Fermentation

Parameters for the Production of Extracellular Xylanase and �-Xylosidase while

Maintaining Low Protease Production ; Biotechnol. Bioengg. 38: 883-890.

264. Smith, D. C. & Wood, T. M. (1991 a) Isolation of mutants of Aspergillus awamori

with enhanced production of extracellular xylanase and �-xylosidase; World J.


265. Smits, J. P., Rinzema, A., Tramper, J., Van Sonsbeek, H. M., Knol, W. (1996)

Solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by Trichoderma reesei QM9414:

210

substrate composition changes, C balance, enzyme production, growth and

kinetics; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46: 489-496.

266. Sonia, K. G., Chadha, B.S. & Saini, H.S. (2005) Sorghum straw for xylanase

hyper-production by Thermomyces lanuginosus (D2W3) under solid-state

fermentation; Biores. Technol. 96 (14): 1561 – 1569.

267. Sreenath, H. K. & Joseph, R. (1982) Purification and properties of extracellular

xylan hydrolases of Streptomyces exfoliatus; Folia Microbiologica. 27: 107-115.

268. Srinivasan, M. C., Vartak, H. G., Powar, V. K., Rele, M. V. & Bastawde, K. B.

(1984) Studies on xylan degrading enzyme from Chainia; Biotechnol. Lett. 6(11):

715-718.

269. Srinivasan, M. C. & Rele, M. V. (1999) Microbial xylanases for paper industry;

Curr. Sci. 77: 137-142.

270. Stanbury, P. F., Whitaker, A. & Hall, S. J. (1995) Media for industrial

fermentations. In: Priciples of Fermentation Technology.Elsevier Science

Ltd., Oxford, U.K. pp 93-116.

271. Steiner, J., Socha, C. & Eyzaguirre, J. (1994) Culture conditions for enhanced

cellulase production by a native strain of Penicillium purpurogenum; World J.

Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10: 280 – 284.

272. Stewart, J.C., Lester, A., Milburn, B & Parry. J.B. (1983) Xylanase and cellulase

production by Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius; Biotechnol. Lett. 5: 543 – 548.

273. Subramanian, S. and Prema, P. (2000) Cellulase-free xylanases from Bacillus

and other microorganisms; Biotechnology of Microbial Xylanases: Enzymology,

Molecular Biology, and Application, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 183: 1-7.

274. Sugden, C & Bhat, M. K. (1994) Cereal straw and pure cellulose as carbon

sources for growth and production of plant cell-wall degrading enzymes by

Sporotrichum thermophile ; World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 10: 444 – 451.

References 211

275. Suh, D. H., Becker, T.C., Sands, J. A. & Montenecourt, B. S. (1988). Effects of

temperature on xylanase secretion by Trichoderma reesei; Biotechnol. Bioengg.

32: 821-825.

276. Sunna, A. & Antranikian, G. (1997) Xylanolytic enzymes from fungi and bacteria;

Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 17: 39-67.

277. Sunna, A., Puls, J. & Antranikian, G. (1996) Purification and characterization of

two thermostable endo-1,4-�-D-xylanases from Thermotoga thermarum.,

Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 24: 177-185.

278. Suurnäkki, A., Kantelinen, A., Buchert, J. and Viikari, L. (1994) Enzyme-aided

bleaching of industrial softwood kraft pulps ; Tappi Journal 77(11), 111-116.

279. Taiz, L. & Honigman, W.A. (1976) Production of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes

by barley aleurone layer in response to gibberellic acid ;Plant Physiol, 58: 380-

386.

280. Tan, L.U.L., Mayers, P. & Saddler, J. N. (1987) Purification and characterization

of a thermostable xylanase from a thermophilic fungus Thermoascus

aurantiacus; Can. J. Microbiol. 33: 689-692.

281. Teather, R. M. & Wood, P. J. (1982) Use of congo-red polysaccharide interactions

in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from bovine rumen;

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43: 777-780.

282. Techapun, C., Sinsuwongwar, S., Poosaran, N., Watanabe, M. & Sasaki, K.

(2001) Production of a cellulase-free xylanase from agricultural waste materials

by a thermotolerant Streptomyces sp.; Biotechnol. Lett. 23: 1685-1689.

283. Teunissen, M. J., Baerends, R. J. S., Knelissen, R.A.G., Op den Camp., H. J. M.

& Vogels, G. D. (1992 a) A semi-continuous culture system for production of

cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp.

strain E2; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 38: 28 – 33.

212

284. Teunissen, M. J., de Kort, G.V.M. (1992 b) Production of cellulolytic and

xylanolytic enzymes during growth of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. on

different substrates; J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1657 – 1664.

285. Thaker, A. J., Ray, R. M. & Patel, H. C. (1986) Xylanase Production by the

Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Enhancement in Enzymatic

Saccarification of Cellulosic Wastes ; Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 24: 659-662.

286. Torronen, A., Mach, R. L. Messner, R., Gonzalez, R., Kalkkianen, N., Harkki, A.

& Kubicek, C.P. (1992) The two major xylanases from Trichoderma reesei:

Characterization of both enzymes and genes; Biotechnol. 10: 1461-1465.

287. Touhy, M., Coughlan, T. L. & Coughlan, M. P. (1990) Solid-state versus liquid

cultivation of Talaromyces emersonii on straws and pulps: enzyme

productivity; In: Advances in Biological Treatment of Lignocellulosic

Materials. ed. M. P. Coughlan & M.T. Amaral Collaco. Elsevier. Applied

Science, London. pp. 153 – 175.

288. Trujillo, A. M., Avalos, O. P. & Noyola, T. P. (2003) Enzymatic properties of a

purified xylanase from mutant PN-120 of Cellulomonas flavigena; Enzyme

Microb. Technol. 32: 401 – 406.

289. Tsujibo, H., Miyamoto, K., Kuda, T., Minami, K., Sakamoto, T., Hasegawa, T. &

Inamori, Y. (1992) Purification, properties, and partial amino acid sequences of

thermostable xylanases from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus OPC-520. Applied

Environ. Microbiol. 58(1): 371-375.

290. Tsujibo, H., Sakamoto, T., Nishino, N., Hasegawa, T. & Inamori, Y. (1990)

Purification and properties of three types of xylanases produced by an

alkalophilic actinomycete; J. App. Bacteriol. 69: 398-405.

291. Tuohy, M. G. & Coughlan, M. P. (1992) Production of Thermostable Xylan-

Degrading Enzymes by Talaromyces emersonii; Biores. Technol. 39: 131-137.

292. Ujiie, M., Roy, C. & Yaguchi, M. (1991) Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from

Trichoderma viride; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57(6): 1860-1862.

References 213

293. van-Paridon, P. A., Booman, J. C. P., Selten, G. C. M., Geerse, C, Barug, D,

de Bot, P. H. M., Hemke, G. (1992) In : Visser, J., Beldman, G., vanSomeran,

M. A. K. & Vorgen, A. G. J. (eds) Xylans and xylanases. Elsevier, Amsterdam,

pp. 371-378.

294. Varma, R. J., Nene, S., Baliga, B. A. & Elias, C. (1999) Studies on Commercial

Aspects of Xylanase from Chainia Species ; J. Sci. Ind. Res. 58: 878-882.

295. Vicuna, R., Escobar, F., Osses, M. & Jara, A. (1997) Bleaching of eucalyptus

kraft pulp with commercial xylanases; Biotechnol. Lett. 19: 575-578.

296. Viet, D. N., Kamio, Y., Abe, N., Kaneko, J. & Izaki, K. (1991) Purification and

properties of �-1,4-xylanase from Aeromonas caviae W-61; Appl. Environ.

Microbiol. 57(2): 445-449.

297. Virupakshi, S., Gireesh Babu, K., Gaikwad, R. S. & Naik, G. R. (2005)

Production of a xylanolytic enzyme by a thermoalkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99 in

solid state fermentation; Process Biochem. 40: 431 – 435.

298. Vyas, P., Chauthaiwale, V., Phadatare, S., Deshpande, V., & Srinivasan, M. C.,

(1990) Studies on the alkalophilic Streptomyces with extracellular xylanolytic

activity; Biotechnol. Lett. 12(3): 225-228.

299. Wang, J., Mason, C. & Broda, P. (1993) Xylanases from Streptomyces

cyaneus: their production, purification and characterization; J. Gen. Microbiol.

139: 1987-1993.

300. Wang, S. L., Chen, L. G., Chen, C. S. & Chen, L. F. (1994) Cellulase and

xylanase production by Aspergillus sp. G-393; Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.

45/46: 655-662.

301. Wase, D. A. J., Raymahasay, S. & Wang, C. W. (1985 b) Production of �-D-

glucosidase, endo-1,4-�-D-glucanase and D-xylanase from straw by Aspergillus

fumigatus IMI 255091 ; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 7: 225-229.

214

302. Whitehead, T. R. & Hespell, R. B. (1989) Cloning and expression in Escherichia

coli of a xylanase gene from Baceroides ruminicola 23; Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

55: 893-896.

303. Wiacek – Zychlinska, A., Czakaj, J., Jedrychowska, B & Sawicka-Zukowska, R.

(1992) Production of xylanases by Chaetomium globosum; Prog. Biotechnol. 7:

493 – 496.

304. Wiacek-Zyclinska, A., Czakaj, J., & Sawicka-Zukowska, R. (1994) Xylanase

production by fungal strains in solid-state fermentations; Biores. Technol. 49:

13-16.

305. Wiseman, A. (1995) Principles of industrial biocatalysts and bioprocessing. In:

Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnology. Third edition. Ellis Horwood Limited. Pp-

114-116.

306. Wong, K.K.Y. & Saddler, J.N. (1992 a) Trichoderma xylanases, their properties

and application; Prog. Biotechnol. 7: 171.

307. Wong, K.K.Y. & Saddler, J.N. (1992 b) Trichoderma xylanases, their properties

and purification; Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 12: 413-435.

308. Wong, K.K.Y., Tan, L.U.L & Saddler, J.N. (1988) Multiplicity of �—1,4-xylanase

in microorganism: Functions and applications ; Microbiol. Rev. 52: 305-317.

309. Ximenes, F.A., Sousa, M.V., Puls, J., Silva Jr, F.G. and Filho, E.X.F. (1999)

Purification and Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase Produced

by Acrophialophora nainiana ; Curr. Microbiol. 38: 18 – 21.

310. Xiong, H., Weymarn, N., Turunen, O., Leisola, M. & Pastinen, O. (2005)

Xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 grown on L-a rabinose-

rich plant hydrolysates ; Biores. Tehnol. 96: 753 – 759.

311. Xu, J., Takakuwa, N., Nogava, M., Okada, H., and Morikawa, Y. (1998) A third

xylanase from Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49: 718 –

724.

References 215

312. Yang, R.C. MacKenzie, C.R., Bilous, D. & Narang, S.A. (1989) Identification of

two distinct Bacillus circulans xylanases by molecular cloning of the genes and

expression in Escherichia coli ; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 568-574.

313. Yoshioka, H., Nagato, N., Chavanich, S., Nilubol, N. & Hayashida, S. (1981)

Purification and Properties of Thermostable Xylanase from Talaromyces

byssochlamydoides YH-50; Agric. Biol. Chem. 45(11): 2425 – 2432.

314. Yu, E. K. C., Tan, L .U. L., Chan, M. K. H., Deschatelets, L. & Saddler, J. N.

(1987) Production of thermostable xylanase by a thermophilic fungus

Thermoascus aurantiacus; Enzyme Microb. Technol. 9: 16-24.

references - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6750/17/17_references.pdf ·...

Documents