reference: the blue planet an introduction to earth system ... · reference: the blue planet an...
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REFERENCE: The Blue Planet An Introduction to Earth System Science. Brian J. Skinner and Barbara W. Murck (2011) Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
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Watch the YouTube video called
“How do tsunamis relate
to Earthquakes”
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Tsunami (tsu=harbor and nami=wave) are often erroneously called tidal waves, but they have nothing to do with tides.They are initiated by sudden movement of the seafloor caused by
an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or underwater landslide.
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Sumatra
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Computer-simulated maps Satellite images of Sri Lanka
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TAT = Tsunami Arrival Time
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Magnitude 9.0Friday, March 11, 2011 at 02:46:23 PM at epicenter
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
The 1918 San Fermín earthquake, also known as the
Puerto Rico earthquake of 1918, struck the island of
Puerto Rico at 10:14:42 local time on October 11. The
earthquake measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale
and IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The
mainshock epicenter occurred off the northwestern coast
of the island, somewhere along the Puerto Rico Trench.
The earthquake triggered a tsunami with waves measured
that swept the west coast of the island. The combined
effects of the earthquake and tsunami made it one of the
worst natural disasters that have struck the island. The
losses resulting from the disaster were approximately 76–
118 casualties[4] and $4–29 million in property damage.
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
Picture of damage caused by the 1918, Puerto Rico tsunami. This picture was taken in the
coastal area of "La Marina" in Mayagüez. The inscription on bottom leftmost part of the photo
reads "la imbacion del mar" or "the invasion of the sea". The tsunami ripped houses from their
foundations destroying some and others pulled out to sea when the tsunami retreated.
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
In this picture you can see the results of the effects of the forces contained in the
tsunami of 1918. This wooden house was torn from it's support columns and carried
out to the sea. Like in this example, the 1918 tsunami cause much damage and loss of
lives.
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
Approximately 45 people lost their lives because of the tsunami of 1918 in Puerto Rico. This
tsunami was caused by an earthquake of a magnitude of 7.5. Most structures at the time were
poorly constructed and did not survive the attack of the tsunami. Also their location close to
the sea or in flood able areas made them vulnerable.
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
This picture is also from the 1918 tsunami of Puerto Rico. Probably shot at the
Mayagüez city bay, it shows how the tsunami dragged a house out to sea. Also note
the tree that was unrooted and pulled to the bay. The tsunamis can will cause
destruction when they arrive as well as when they retreat.
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TSUNAMI IN PUERTO RICO
In 1997 Professor Aurelio
Mercado, generated a
simulation that demonstrated
a possible scenario of the
1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami.
The results of this simulation
were compared to official
reports and witness accounts.
This confirmed the accuracy
of the simulation because the
simulation concurred almost
exactly to the what really
occurred in 1918.
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Provided by Ruperto Chaparro