reference linking via crossref april 13, 2000 ed pentz executive director crossref
TRANSCRIPT
Reference Linking via CrossRef
April 13, 2000
Ed Pentz
Executive Director
CrossRef
Reference Linking
• Next frontier in journal publishing
• End user access to logically related articles in one or two clicks
• Linking allows body of primary literature as group of logically associated articles
Reference Linking
• End Users (researchers and scientists) pursue inquiries in a logical, sequential way
• Researchers want everything to link
• Researchers expect everything to linkLinks Add Value
Why CrossRef?
• Current Linking– Between Secondary and Primary– Within online systems (HighWire)
• Linking Agreements – Bilateral - Secondary to Primary– Define terms of linking– “no surprises”
Why CrossRef?
• 1/2(N)(N-1) problem
• 2-party agreements not scaleable– too many publishers– too many linking schemes
• Result - Cooperation among publishers
• CrossRef makes broad-based linking manageable
CrossRef Goals
• Enable Reference Linking– initial focus on primary article to primary
article links (one or two clicks)– X to primary article links important– Primary article to X links– X = A&I Databases, Local Catalogs/Holdings,
Conference Proceedings, Reference Works
• Broad-Based, Not-for-profit initiative– All scholarly publishing
CrossRef Principles
• Aggregation (collect full text content)– duplicate/missing content/no “one stop shop”
• Gateway (Collect “less-than-full text”)– various models - some add value some don’t
but always lead to full text content
• Distributed (Virtual) Aggregation• ‘minimal’ centralized date - full text remains on
publishers’ site
• access to full text determined by publisher
Reference Linking Infrastructure
• Article identifiers
• Resolution system
• Technical Infrastructure – software & services
• (Meta) Data Rules
• Business Rules
Article Identifier• Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
– just the number– unique, persistent, managed by IDF– identifies Intellectual Property, not a location
(URLs)– NISO standard
• 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2736
• http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.2736
Prefix Suffix
Online Journal 1
End User
DOI Directory (Handle System)
Online Journal 2
1. User Gets Article
2. User Clicks DOI
3. URL Returned
4. User Gets Cited Article
DOI Resolution - IDF System
DOI Lookup - CrossRef System
• DOI-X Prototype (AAP/IDF/CNRI)
• Reference linking prototype
• Metadata– Data Rules/XML DTD
• Metadata Database (MDDB)
• Reference Resolver (RR)– Academic Press/Wiley– DOI Lookup/Matching
Metadata Deposit• Publishers submit article metadata
– Journal Title, ISSN/Coden,Volume, Issue, First Page, First Author, Year - mandatory
– Article Title is optional
• XML-based DTD (DOI-X)– Formal grammar – Supplementary “data rules”
• Journal articles today– Other genres to follow
Metadata Submission
Article Metadata (XML)
CrossRef Collection Service
CrossRef MDDBfor DOI Lookup
DOI Directory
DOI + URLArticle Data
DOI Lookup
• Publishers submit references to Reference Resolver (RR)– References tagged in SGML/XML– Minimum Data
• Abbreviated title, volume, first page - possibly first author and year
– Send Batches of References– RR - intelligent “link agent”
Business Rules/Governance
• CrossRef Membership– Primary scholarly publishers– Deposit metadata/Add links to references– Provide full bibliographic citation for
incoming DOI links– many publishers will give free abstracts– information on acquiring article (pay online,
document delivery, subscription)
• CrossRef guarantees links
Organization
• Publishers International Linking Association (PILA)
• not-for-profit corporation to run CrossRef
• non-members can use system
• Close association with International DOI Foundation
• Incorporated Feb 2000• Executive Director, Board of Directors
Board of Directors
• AAAS (Science)• Academic Press
(Harcourt)• American Institute of
Physics• ACM• Blackwell Science• Elsevier Science
• IEEE• Kluwer Academic• Nature• Oxford University
Press• Springer Verlag• John Wiley & Sons
Members• AAAS (Science)
• Academic Press (Harcourt)
• ALPSP
• American Institute of Physics
• American Mathematical Society
• American Psychological Assoc
• ACM
• Blackwell Science
• CAB International
• Cambridge University Press
• Elsevier Science
• IEEE
• Institute of Physics
• Kluwer Academic
• Marcel Dekker
• Nature
• Oxford University Press
• Portland Press
• Royal Society of Chemistry
• Springer
• Taylor & Francis
• Thieme Verlag
• University of Chicago Press
• John Wiley & Sons
• World Scientific
CrossRef Fees
• Member Fee
• Annual Administrative Fee
• Deposit Fee
• Lookup Fee
• Principles
• cost recovery
• flexibility
• no charges to end users to follow links
Fees
• Primary Publisher Annual Member Fee• 1 title, max 500 articles per year
$200• 2-5 titles, max 2,500 articles per yr
$500• 6-20 titles, max 10,000 articles per yr $750• 21-100 titles, max 50,000 articles per yr
$1,000• >100 titles or >50,000 articles per yr $2,000
Fees
• Non-Member Annual Administrative Fee• Secondary, database <100,000 records/yr $2,000• Secondary, database >100,000 records/yr $5,000• Agents $5,000 • Non-resellers (e.g., libraries) $300
Fees
• Deposit Fee for Primary Material• Current Year -- full text $0.60• Back File (deposit after 10/1/2000) $0.10• Back File (prior to 10/1/2000) $0.05
Fees
• Member Retrieval Fee (for successful match)• Current File $0.10 • Back File $0.05
• Non-Member Retrieval Fee (for successful match)• Secondaries & Agents, Current $0.10 • Secondaries & Agents, Back File $0.05• Non-reseller (libraries) $0.05
CrossRef and Libraries
• Libraries can use CrossRef system directly– submit metadata queries to get DOI– $300/year - $.05 per DOI matched
• Intermediaries can use CrossRef system
• DOIs in place when content gets to libraries
• Bibliographic metadata standards will streamline content syndication
Future Developments
• Multiple Resolution– one DOI = one URL is starting point– multiple locations and multiple files
• Appropriate Copy Issue
• Interoperability– Metadata is “system neutral”
• Collaboration - CrossRef wants to work with libraries and other parties to address these issues
Publisher CopyLocal Copy
Aggregator CopyA&I Record
