REEF BALLS: Designing A Reef To REEF BALLS: Designing A Reef To Achieve Specific GoalsAchieve Specific Goals

Copyright, 2000 © Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROLEINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROLE

OF DIVERS IN PROTECTION OF THE MARINE OF DIVERS IN PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

KUWAIT, 22-25 MAY, 2000KUWAIT, 22-25 MAY, 2000

PrefacePreface

Case Studies Internal Research Reef Ball Experiences

Not a Scientific Paper or Study

IntroductionIntroduction

Most Widely Used Design,Most Widely Used Design, Worldwide Worldwide-Over 100,000 Reef Balls Deployed-Over 100,000 Reef Balls Deployed-Over 1,000 Projects-Over 1,000 Projects

Nearby (Arabic) ProjectsNearby (Arabic) Projects-Qatar-Qatar-Oman-Oman-United Arab Emirates (2)-United Arab Emirates (2)

IntroductionIntroduction

Designed Materials require GoalsDesigned Materials require GoalsDesigned Vs. Material of Designed Vs. Material of

OpportunityOpportunity

Vs.Vs.

IntroductionIntroduction

Goals of the Project Goals of the Project

- Suggest Design Features- Suggest Design Features- Impact Construction & - Impact Construction &

DeploymentDeployment- Impact Monitoring- Impact Monitoring

Divers Are Integral

to Reef Balls

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

StabilityStability Holes & VoidsHoles & Voids Bottom SurfacesBottom Surfaces Variable SizesVariable Sizes Variable DensitiesVariable Densities Other Configurable FactorsOther Configurable Factors

Reef Ball Reef Ball FeaturesFeatures

StabilityStability

Reef Balls Are designed Reef Balls Are designed with 80% of the weight in with 80% of the weight in the bottom 20% of height. the bottom 20% of height.

The top hole breaks up The top hole breaks up lifting forces. lifting forces. Holes allow energy in Holes allow energy in and direct it upward. and direct it upward.

Types of Stability

1) Physical Destruction2) Chemical Destruction3) Movement by Storm4) Loss of Orientation

5) Subsidence

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

Holes & VoidsHoles & Voids

Shaped To Create WhirlpoolsShaped To Create Whirlpools

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

SurfacesSurfaces

RoughRoughTexturesTexturesIncreaseIncreaseSurface Surface AreaAreaDramaticallyDramatically

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

Bottom Bottom SurfacesSurfaces

High High BiologicalBiologicalActivityActivity

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

Variable SizesVariable Sizes

Reef Ball FeaturesReef Ball Features

Variable DensitiesVariable Densities

Reef BallReef Ball Features Features

Other Configurable FactorsOther Configurable Factors

Goals of ProjectsGoals of Projects 300+ Reasons300+ Reasons to Build Reefsto Build Reefs

““Default Goal” Mimic Natural ReefsDefault Goal” Mimic Natural Reefs

Use Our Experiences Use Our Experiences as a Starting Point toas a Starting Point toRefine Goals into Refine Goals into Design FeaturesDesign Features

Goals of ProjectsGoals of Projects

300+ Reasons to Build Reefs300+ Reasons to Build ReefsMost Common GoalsMost Common Goals

-Scuba Diving-Scuba Diving -Fishing (Recreational) -Fishing (Recreational) -Restore Habitat-Restore Habitat -Mitigation -Mitigation -Publicity -Publicity -Economic Development -Economic Development -Fishery Nurseries-Fishery Nurseries -Pollution control-Pollution control-Beach Protection-Beach Protection -Research-Research

-Create Habitat-Create Habitat -Aquaculture-Aquaculture -Fishing (Commercial) -Fishing (Commercial) -Tourism-Tourism-Education-Education -Waste Disposal-Waste Disposal

Goals of ProjectsGoals of Projects

““Default Goal” Mimic Natural ReefsDefault Goal” Mimic Natural Reefs

Until science providesUntil science providesanswers, the onlyanswers, the onlysafe interventionsafe interventionis to imitate naturalis to imitate naturalreefs. reefs.

Goals ofGoals ofProjects Projects

Our ExperienceOur Experience Helps Translate Helps Translate Goals Into DesignsGoals Into Designs

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef

Site SelectionSite Selection Reef Ball Sizes Reef Ball Sizes

& Quantities& Quantities Layout on Layout on

Sea FloorSea Floor Specific DesignSpecific Design

FeaturesFeatures

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef Site SelectionSite Selection

-Nominate…your suspicions-Nominate…your suspicions-Eliminate…the troublesome-Eliminate…the troublesome-Validate…by bottom survey-Validate…by bottom survey-Correlate…to project goals-Correlate…to project goals

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef Reef Ball Sizes & QuantitiesReef Ball Sizes & Quantities

-Ultra Ball-Ultra Ball

-Reef Ball-Reef Ball

-Pallet Ball-Pallet Ball

-Bay Ball-Bay Ball

-Mini-Bay Ball-Mini-Bay Ball

-Lo-Pro Ball-Lo-Pro Ball

-Oyster Ball-Oyster Ball

-Model Ball-Model Ball

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef Reef Ball Sizes & QuantitiesReef Ball Sizes & Quantities Ultra BallUltra Ball US$ 325US$ 325

Reef Ball Reef Ball US$ 300US$ 300Pallet BallPallet Ball US$ 180US$ 180

Bay BallBay Ball US$ 80US$ 80

Lo-Pro Ball US$ 65Lo-Pro Ball US$ 65

Oyster Ball US$ 45Oyster Ball US$ 45

Model BallModel Ball US$ 20US$ 20

(Average US Retail Price, delivered)(Average US Retail Price, delivered)

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef

Layout on Sea FloorLayout on Sea Floor

Clustering Offers Additional Habitat VoidsClustering Offers Additional Habitat Voids

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef

Specific Design FeaturesSpecific Design Features

DON’TS DON’TS (Do not add these to Reef Balls)(Do not add these to Reef Balls)

-No Toxins, Pollutants, Oils, Etc.-No Toxins, Pollutants, Oils, Etc.-No Biologically Active Components-No Biologically Active Components-No Components that Disassociate-No Components that Disassociate

(Research may require exceptions)(Research may require exceptions)

Customizing the ReefCustomizing the Reef Specific Design FeatureSpecific Design Feature

DO’S DO’S (Whatever is added, make sure that these are (Whatever is added, make sure that these are preserved in Reef Balls)preserved in Reef Balls)

-Stable-Stable-Long Lived Material -Long Lived Material -Complex with Voids-Complex with Voids-Inert-Inert-Mimics Natural Reef-Mimics Natural Reef

-Looks Natural (Bonus)-Looks Natural (Bonus)

Building and Building and Installing ReefsInstalling Reefs

ConstructionConstruction-In House-In House-Hiring Contractor-Hiring Contractor

DeploymentDeployment-Floating-Floating-Barge or Vessel-Barge or Vessel

Building and Building and Installing ReefsInstalling Reefs

ConstructionConstruction-In House-In House-Hiring Contractor-Hiring Contractor

Building and Building and Installing ReefsInstalling Reefs

DeploymentDeployment-Floating-Floating-Barge or Vessel-Barge or Vessel

Building and Building and Installing ReefsInstalling Reefs

DeploymentDeployment-Floating-Floating

Greater Species Diversity When Reef is Greater Species Diversity When Reef is Built Over TimeBuilt Over Time

InexpensiveInexpensive

Any Size BoatAny Size Boat

Building and Building and Installing ReefsInstalling Reefs

DeploymentDeployment-Barge or Vessel-Barge or Vessel

Larger ProjectsLarger Projects

Long DistancesLong Distances

Rough SeasRough Seas

More ExpensiveMore Expensive

MonitoringMonitoring

Monitoring CategoriesMonitoring Categories Monitoring GoalsMonitoring Goals Developed ProtocolsDeveloped Protocols

MonitoringMonitoring-Longevity Monitoring

-Chemical Breakdown-Physical Breakdown-Subsidence

-Comparison Monitoring-Features-Layout or Groupings-Reef Design-Natural Reef

-Effectiveness Against Goals-Quantitative-Qualitative-Economic

-Int’l Standards-REEF

-RECON

-Compliance Monitoring-Regulatory Permits-Grant Requirements

-Biological Monitoring-Species Diversity-Species Densities-Fish Censuses-Fouling Community Censuses-Sand Bio-sampling

-Stability Monitoring-Any of the five stability types

Scuba Divers & Reef BallsScuba Divers & Reef Balls

Scuba Diving is Scuba Diving is integral to Reef Ballsintegral to Reef Balls

Scuba Divers know the need for Scuba Divers know the need for ReefsReefs

Scuba Divers & Reef BallsScuba Divers & Reef Balls PlanningPlanning BuildingBuilding DeployingDeploying MonitoringMonitoring

Reef Ball VideoReef Ball Video

Understanding How We Understanding How We Work and Who To Work and Who To

ContactContact

Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers