reduction of mycotoxins in cereals through an integrated

Integrated Farm Assurance Conference, Amsterdam 2004

Handout No 14, Alfons Sagenmüller

Bayer CropScience, Germany of 12

• Slide 1

EUREPGAP – Integrated Farm Assurance ConferenceAmsterdam, The Netherlands

November 9th - 10nth 2004

Reduction of mycotoxins in cerealsthrough an

Integrated Crop Management approachDr. Alfons Sagenmüller

Presentation • November 23, 2004 • Slide 2

Content

1. What is Fusarium

2. What does Fusarium affect

3. What are Mycotoxins

4. What can be done in the field - ICM

5. How can Bayer CropScience help

6. Conclusions





1 - What is FusariumGeneral characteristics

� Fusarium head blight: an important disease

� most prominent on cereals

� A complex of several fungal pathogens

� Can damage different parts of the plant � such as the seeds, leaves and ears

� With a long period of potential infection

� Can produce mycotoxins


Fusarium culmorum

Fusarium poae

Fusarium avenaceum

Fusarium graminearum

Microdochium nivale

Mycotoxin producersMycotoxin producers

Non - mycotoxin producerNon - mycotoxin producer

1 - What is FusariumFungal species associated with Fusarium head blight





Microdochiumnivale- leaf -

Microdochiumnivale- ear -

Fusariumgraminearum

- ear -

1 - What is FusariumSymptoms in wheat


1 - What is FusariumImportant factors influencing infection

� Humidity and temperature

� Rain at flowering stage

� Disease pressure





FusariumFusarium isis a worlda world--wide problem !wide problem !1- What is FusariumWorldwide occurrence


� yield and grain weight

� pasta-cooking quality

� food & feed quality

� seed germination

� baking performance

� malting and brewing performance

2 - What does Fusarium affect





2 – What does Fusarium affect


3 - Mycotoxins

Mycotoxins are metabolic products of fungi with known adverse effect





3 - MycotoxinsRegulatory aspects

� New regulation on mycotoxin concentrationsin Germany* as DON in µg/kg or ppb

• in wheat max 500• in bakery: max 350• in baby food : max 100

* valid since Feb 13, 2004. Transitional phase until Sep, 1st, 2005

� Regulation in Europe expected for 2005/6


� Establishment of maximum levels on European level

� Assessment of contamination in grain

� Storage, blending and traceability

� Allocation of costs

3 – MycotoxinsIssues





1. What is Fusarium

2. What does Fusarium affect

3. What are Mycotoxins

4. What can be done in the field - ICM

Content

• Slide 14

Being in line with EUREPGAP® principles;

EUREPGAP is a means of incorporating Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Crop Management (ICM) practices within theframework of commercial agricultural production.

Adoption of IPM/ICM is regarded by EUREPGAP members as essential for the long-term improvement and sustainability of agricultural production.





• choice of varieties: - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.1.• choice of varieties: - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.1.

• N-fertilisation - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.3. • N-fertilisation - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.3.

• fungicidal application - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.6.• fungicidal application - > EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.6.

• crop rotation and soil cultivation / tillage- > (EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.2.)

• crop rotation and soil cultivation / tillage- > (EUREPGAP CCM *section 8.2.)

4 – What can be done in the fieldMain influences of agricultural practice on ear fusarioses

*Combinable crops module draft 2005


0

1000

2000

3000

directsowing

reducedtillage

ploughing

4 - What can be done in the fieldInfluence of soil preparation on mycotoxin levels in wheat

DON (ppb)





0

1000

2000

3000

Maize Wheat OSR Pea Beet

DON (ppb)

4- What can be done in the fieldInfluence of crop rotation on mycotoxin levels in wheat

….Crops preceeding wheat


51

61

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Untreated

reduction of DON in %

Reduction of mycotoxins5 - How can Bayer CropScience help

Efficacy against Fusarium head blight in wheatUK, France and Germany, 1999 – 2002 (18 trials)





Reduction of mycotoxins5 – How can Bayer CropScience help

Timing of application


Artificial infection (without fungicide = 5443 µg/kg DON)

Reduction in % of DON

37 42 38 55 3563 65 62 65 420

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-3 -1 BBCH65 +3 +5

protective curative

5 - How can Bayer CropScience helpFolicur and Proline efficacy against Fusarium in wheat





6 - Conclusions� The occurence of Fusarium head blight can be reduced

through an ICM approach� to a large extent through crop rotation, variety choice,

adequate soil preparation

� Fungicide treatment is part of the solution in an IPM approach taking into account� Good prognosis� Appropriate timing of application� Appropriate application technique


6 – Conclusion

� Fungicides, especially Proline and Folicurcontrol all important Fusarium species

� Mycotoxin contamination can be reduced by 50 - 60 % in average




• Slide 23

Thank you very much for your kind attention.

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