Reducing Emissions Reducing Emissions From Diesel EnginesFrom Diesel Engines

Robert CrossRobert Cross

Chief, Mobile Source Control DivisionChief, Mobile Source Control Division

California Environmental Protection Agency

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Outline

About Diesel Exhaust

California’s Diesel Control Plan

New Engine Standards

Retrofit Programs

Conclusions

Diesel Exhaust is Unhealthy

NOx Precursor to ozone - a lung irritant Precursor to PM2.5 - lung disease, mortality

Diesel PM = toxic air contaminant (TAC) Identified as toxic in August 1998 Contains 40+ substances identified as TACs Carcinogenic in humans & animals Non-cancer damage to lungs

Diesel: Cancer RiskRemains High

0

200400

600

800

10001200

1400

1600

1800

Ris

k (e

xces

s p

er m

illio

n)

1990 2000

Other Toxics

Diesel PM

Greater Los Angeles

Diesel: Major Source of NOxStatewide in 2000

On-Road HDD15%

Stationary20%

Off-Road Diesel23%

Other Mobile

Sources42%

Off-Road Diesels Important

0

50

100

150

200

250

tons

per

day

NOx PM x10

On-Road

Off-Road

Greater LA in 2010

Current regulations

Both Construction and Ag. Equipment are Important

0

5

10

1520

25

30

35

40

4550

Ag. Constr. Refrig.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

tons

per

day

Constr. Comm. Refrig. Ag.

Los Angeles

San Joaquin Valley

NOx

PMx10

CA’s Control Plan For Diesels

Comprehensive plan adopted 9/00 Addresses NOx and PM Driven by diesel identification as toxic Near-zero emission limits: new engines Cleaner fuel: 15 ppm S Better in-use testing/enforcement Retrofit existing diesel engines w/ filters

ARB’s Inter-DivisionalPartnership For Risk Reduction

Mobile Source Control DivisionMobile Source Control Division•On- and off-road diesel emission standards•Retrofit programs

Mobile Source Operations DivisionMobile Source Operations Division•Fleet and roadside enforcement

Stationary Source DivisionStationary Source Division•TAC identification•Fuel quality•Stationary and agriculture

ARBARB

1110

6 65

2.5

5

1

4

12

1 0.20.01

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

g/b

hp

-hr

Model Year

NOxPMx10

98+% reduction

Tighter On-Road Diesel Emission Standards ADOPTED: New Engines

Tighter Off-Road Diesel Emission Standards NEEDED: New Engines

7.9

4

4.9

1.5

3

0.3 0.10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

g/b

hp

-hr

1996 2003 2006 2007

Model Year

HC+NOx

PMx10

175-300 hp

97+% reduction

?

Diesel Particulate Filters Reduce Emissions

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent Reduction

PM

PAH

HC

Diesel Particulate FilterTechnology

NOx Aftertreatment Reduces Emissions

99

90

40

0 20 40 60 80 100

SCR

NOxAdsorber

Lean NOxCatalyst

Aft

ertr

eatm

ent

Dev

ice

Percent NOx Reduction

NOx Adsorber Technology

Sulfur Removal Required

15500 500 500

5000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

CA

Tra

nsi

tB

us

*

CA

On

-R

oad

CA

Off

-R

oad

U.S

. O

n-

Ro

ad

U.S

. O

ff-

Ro

ad

Current Limit

Average

Su

lfu

r C

on

ten

t

(pp

m b

y w

eig

ht)

* Beginning July 1, 2002

Retrofit Programs Needed

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Per

cen

t o

f T

ota

l P

op

ula

tio

n (

%)

2010 2020

Calendar Year

2007+ MY

Pre-2007 MY

On-Highway HDD Fleet Mix

Source: EMFAC2000, Statewide, GVWR=8,500+ lbs.

Diesel PMIn-Use Retrofit Program

Achieves 80% of Plan’s Reductions (2010) Retrofit every Diesel in California w/ filters

Feasibility Exposure

Approaches Regulation Incentive funds Voluntary action

Effectiveness Minimum 85% PM reduction/vehicle Get NOx reduction when feasible

Typical Retrofits

Filter System

Filter System

Filter System

ImplementationFilter Retrofits

Regulation Urban transit buses

4500 filter retrofits starting 2003 New engines - filters required 2002

Trash trucks Regulation under development

Permit conditions e.g., major construction projects

Implementation (cont.)

Incentive funding School buses

$12.5 million. ~2000 filter retrofits, beginning 2001.

NOx and PM Reductions $100 million FY01/02. Incremental cost of new, repower, retrofit paid. Intended to create offsets for increased electrical

generation.

Implementation (cont.)

Voluntary City of Los Angeles

1300 vehicles

Caltrans Clean new purchases (e.g., LPG) Retrofit filters (~600)

Need recognition for others Labeling Publicity

Demonstration Programs Support Implementation

BP ECD - (# vehicles with filters)

Ralph’s grocery trucks (10) BP tanker trucks (10) LA County MTA (4) Hertz equipment rental (10) LA City Sanitation (10) People movers/local amusement park (10) School busses San Diego (10)

School Buses LA (39) Construction equipment (19)

Technical Support & Outreach

International Advisory Committee.

Certification of retrofit devices.

Testing and evaluation.

Partnership with local agencies.

Coordination with U.S. EPA’s program.

Plan will reduce: •PM emissions•Cancer risk•Respiratory impact

Other benefits include:•Improved visibility •Reduced soiling

Benefits

For More Information

Diesel Risk Reduction Website www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/diesel/diesel.htm Sign up to receive notices

Talk to a real person (626-575-6973), or ____@arb.ca.gov Annette Hebert - Manager, Heavy-Duty Diesel In-

Use Strategies Branch G. Scott Rowland - Manager, Retrofit Assessment

Section Nancy Steele, Ph.D. - Manager, Retrofit

Implementation Section