Redhat Linux 9.0 Installation Guide Institute of Electronic Governance A Note to the Fresh Users Linux still lags behind windows in the hardware support. Hence, if some sophisticated devices are not recognized, hope that they will be supported in near future, depending on the popularity of these devices. Linux supports almost all devices now a days including USB devices such as digital camaras, webcams, printers, external drives etc. but only limited models. Don't get frustrated in the first instance. You will enjoy crash-less operation and happy nights in lieu. If you are purchasing a new gadget, check if is supported already at the Linux site (). You loaded Linux to enjoy the freedom and coming out of the clutches of propriotary software. knowing all this... So be cool if something is not working immediately. Consult the Gurus and web sites before finally withdraw from using it, in case of absolute must. Start Installation with CD-1/3 of RH 9. The User is expected to have the basic knowledge of Drives, BIOS Setup, Selecting an Item with Mouse etc.. Make sure that the boot drive is CDROM. If not, set the BIOS options Insert RH 9 CD-1 in the drive and restart the machine This gives you the boot: prompt Press to start graphic Installation Click Next on the welcome screen You can read the Release notes during the installation by clicking it Select a language (English is Default) and click next Select Keyboard (US Keyboard is default and OK normally) and Click Next Select Mouse (default mouse is normally OK) and click next Select Custom Installation (click the radio button). If you have an existing Linux version, it also shows Upgrade Option. In that case you can select that for upgrade. Click next Select Manually Partition with Disk Druid and Click Next The Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Partitions The hard Disk is the storage space for a computer. This can be split logically into various partitions. Each partition can be of any type like FAT32, NTFS, EXT2, EXT3, HPFS and so on.. If you plan to have more than one operating systems on the same machine, the disk should be logically partitioned first, before installation. The first sector of the disk is a special sector called the boot sector, which records the information about the various partitions and the operating systems on the disk. If you are planning to have Windows and Linux, then install Windows first. Otherwise, windows erases the Linux installation by overwriting the boot sector. During the windows installation, it asks for the partition information. Be careful to answer properly to set aside certain space unallocated for windows (allocate all space for one partition). If you have already allocated all space for windows, use disk de-fragmentation tool to collect all the free space at the end and you can use a program called FIPS to create a new partition from the existing partition. But be careful to take a backup before venture. Get ready with one or two new floppies to have undo of FIPS. Install Windows as usual. It is out of the scope of this document. In a typical case of about 40GB Hard disk, the partition strategy can be Windows C: Windows D: Linux boot Linux root Linux Var Linux Swap Linux home (user data) 10GB (hda1), 15GB (hda2), 120MB (hda3), 8GB (hda4), 4GB (hda5), 600MB (swap), Remaining (hda6) Please note that the partition numbers may not be the same, since some partitions will be reserved by the partition program itself, for example, hda4 may not be available, but it may the aggregation of hda5 and hda6. In this case we simply dont use the partition hda4 but use hda5 and hda6. Disk Partitions, Drive Names & Recommended Partitions Disk Druid is a partition and configuration Tool for the hard disks. It shows all the partitions if the disk is already partitioned including free space available. If you have windows partitions, these are also shown and you can select a mount point (directory name) for the partitions, so that you can access them from Linux. The Hard Disks are named as Primary master: 'hda', Primary slave: 'hdb', Secondary master = 'hdc', Slave = 'hdd' (If you have one hard disk and a cdrom, most likely HDD = had and CDD = hdb) Within hda, the partitions are named sequentially as hda1, hda2 and so on Consider hda1, and hda2 are windows C: and D: (primary and extended partitions of Windows) and we have a free space of 10 GB at least for Linux. PartitionPartition-typeSizeMount Point hda1FAT /win1(whatever size that it has already) hda2FAT /win2(whatever size that it has already) hda3 ext3120MB /boot hda4 ext36000MB / hda5 ext31200MB /home (user data partition) hda6swap 600MB --- (all remaining space- no mount point) Leave maximum space (remaining for the /home since this is the user space and need not be formatted even if we re-install the OS. Hence, the data is not lost from this partition. Disk Druid - Creating Partitions Mounting Existing Partitions: Select any windows partition and double click (or) click on edit button This opens a dialog box as shown in the figure shown in next slide. Type '/win1' or '/win2'.. Ensure that the leave Unchanged (Preserve data) is selected (default) and Click Ok Do the same for all the existing partitions, selecting the proper mount point Creating New Partitions: Click 'new' to create new partition and fill the details that we decided earlier Select proper mount point from the list menu (or) directly enter the path You must specify the root directory at least (/). Though others can be mounted later it is recommended to give mount points to all at this time Select format the partition for the root Select ext3 for file system type for all the types. If you have more than one hard disk, choose the drive you wish to allocate space Select Fixed size for all but the last partition, normally the swap, for which we will allocate all the remaining space in that hard disk by selecting fill to maximum allowable space button. Click OK Create all partitions like this. If necessary, delete a partition and re-create Create all the partitions and ensure that mount points are set to all the partitions including the windows partitions. Swap will not have mount point Partitioning with Disk Druid See the explanation given Review the Partition information and click Next If you have Windows also, Select a default OS. You can edit the label if required. Leave the other Fields unchanged. Click Next Network Configuration If you wish to have Automatic IP Assigned to you on your LAN, or on Internet, click edit and check both configure using DHCP and Activate on Boot check boxes. If you wish to have an IP assigned by yourself, uncheck configure using DHCP and enter IP address and net-mask. For example, / Click OK Click Manual mode and then enter your host name (host.domain) and IP Address of DNS Servers Click OK Fill IP Address and Net-mask and click OK and finally click next Click next after filling all the fields The Entry for IP: Net mask: Network: Gateway: Primary DNS: Secondary DNS: Machine Name: svl Domain: svl.edu Select Firewall Rules (omit telnet and FTP if you don't use them). You can specify any other port which you wish to allow (Ex: 8080 for Tomcat) and click Next Select Default Language and Other Languages (if required) and click next Select Asia/Calcutta (or point to it in map as shown by the small green arrow in the figure) and click Next Select a difficult to guess root password and type it in both text boxes and click next. If the passwords dont match, re-type them Tick Enable MD5 Password and Enable Shadow Passwords and Un-check Others (This is important because, you may not be able to login otherwise). Click Next If you forget or intentionally check enable NIS or LDAP or Kerberos or SMB, you can not boot with the passwd given. In such case reboot with the first CD and at boot prompt type '' linux rescue'' and hit enter This will ask some questions and finally boots with the file system root mounted on /mnt/sysimage. Issue the command at root prompt: # chroot /mnt/sysimage # passwd root Give password now # setup This brings the setup menu Select Authentication and uncheck all leaving only MD5 and Shadow Password checked. Issue the command 'exit' twice to reboot the machine. Remove CDROM and let it boot with HD. Select the packages required by checking the group and by selecting the details. Otherwise, you can select install everything at the end of the window (Scroll down to the end) and click next Tick Everything if you are not sure what to select (around 5GB required) Say Yes for any additional packages that are required to fulfil our selection (shown as separate dialog by the installer) and click next (If no dependency is there we dont get the dialog box) The Installation begins and takes about an hour even on a faster machine (for install everything). Insert Disk 2 and Disk 3 when asked Insert a fresh floppy in the drive and click next. If you don't need a boot disk, select No and proceed (In most cases you dont need a boot disk if you have the install CDROM, though it is recommended normally) Click next for Graphical Interface since, in most cases it properly identifies the hardware Again click next as in many cases the hardware is found properly Select the resolution and color depth, and select a login type. If text is selected, you must start Graphical Windows by issuing ''startx'' command after login Congratulations, you have installed Linux :-) Press exit and remove the CD in the drive (cd-3) to reboot the system with the new Linux!! Post Installation and a piece of advise After the Linux System started for the first time, it checks the configuration and setting of the desktop. It asks for other disks if you have (like Documentation etc.). If you have documentation CD insert it in the drive and continue. Otherwise simply skip the steps. This brings the Linux machine into usable mode. Normally you shouldn't have any trouble loading the OS. In case of failure, consult any book on Redhat Linux (There are a number of wonderful books in the market. Redhat Linux 9 Bible is one such book with 3 CD set).