(re)designing for learning in a digital world
DESCRIPTION
These slides are part of a keynote speech delivered to staff at Massey University in Palmerston North and Wellington, in New Zealand on 24-25 November, 2011.TRANSCRIPT
(re)Designing for Learning in a Digital World
Steve Wheeler@timbuckteeth
Plymouth University, UK
Declarative vs Procedural
http://slated.org
Knowing that
Knowing how Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
“For the first time we are preparing
students for a future we cannot clearly describe.”
- David Warlick St
eve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
011
"In the times of rapid change, learners inherit the Earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists."
- Eric Hofferwashingtonrebel.typepad.com St
eve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
011
We need to think critically about teaching
http://mosangels.ning.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
“Reflection in professional practice, gives back not what it is, but what might be, an improvement on the original.”
- Biggs (1999)
“...a set of abilities and skills, to indicate the taking of a critical stance, an orientation to problem solving...”
– Moon (1999)
http://leocasey.blogspot.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
ReflexivityEscher, Drawing Hands 1948
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
http://w
ww
.nonformality.org/2006/04/excuse-m
isuse-or-abuse/
http://www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/
“This field suffers from serious conceptual confusion and a lack of accumulated theoretical knowledge.” – Frank Coffield
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Digital Natives?
The Net
Generation?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/
Homo
Zappiens?
There is no empirical evidence for any of these theories and yet they persist. Why is this? Because they are convenient untruths.
http://www.maslowshierarchyofneeds.net
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Another theory that requires a challenge. Maslow’s theory is flawed because he largely used white, male, privileged, Western examples in his studies.
the VAK model…
Visual Seeing and reading
Auditory Hearing and speaking
Kinaesthetic Touching and doing Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
…multi-modal learning...?
Auditory
Visual
Kinaesthetic
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
...or Confucius repurposed?
Auditory
Visual
Kinaesthetic
I see, I remember
I hear, I know
I do, I understand
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
situated learning
Auditory
Visual
Kinaesthetic
I see, I remember
I hear, I know
I do, I understand
Cognition
Memory Meta Cognition
Deeper Learning
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Learning best occurs when multi-modal contexts are enabled. We cannot justify pigeon holing students into single mode learning.
learning styles?
“There are as many learning styles as there are people.”
– Wheeler (2009)http://fluorescentflicker.files.wordpress.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Fair measures?
Assessment of, or for, learning?
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/darrenhester/3901158717/
We need to think critically
about assessment
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Source: http://www.masalatime.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Source: http://www.masalatime.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Source: http://www.goiit.com/posts/show/944766.htm
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Source: http://www.masalatime.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
http://4closurefraud.org
Assessment fails because the pedagogy fails...
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Sour
ce: h
ttp:
//w
ww
.mas
alati
me.
com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Sour
ce: h
ttp:
//w
ww
.mas
alati
me.
com
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Join all nine dotsUsing four straight Lines. Do not takeYour pen from the Paper and do not Go back over any Lines.
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Thinking ‘outside the box’ means we go beyond the fixity of our natural
perception
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Ipsative assessment...
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
...where a student’s learning is measured against previous attainment. This is observed in games where players are constantly trying to better their own previous top scores.
Personalisation of learning means ensuring that individual differences are
acknowledged
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Triadic assessmentPeer Assessment
Tuto
r Ass
essm
ent
Self Asse
ssment
Triadic Assessment (Gale et al, 2002)
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Does education need transformation?
Source: Chambers English Dictionary
"In large states public education will always be mediocre, for the same reason that in large kitchens the cooking is usually bad."
Nietzschehttp://thescholasticdiary.wordpress.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Positive Deviance“Somewhere in your organization, groups of people are already doing things differently and better. To create lasting change, find areas of positive deviance and fan their flames.”
- Pascale & Sternin (Harvard Business Review)
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
I P D
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
InnovationPrevention
Department
Pay attention at the front!
http://flickr.com/photos/shu1/6065783/
We need to think critically
about how we engage students
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/shardsofblue/5949563868/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Orienting reflex
Response to changes in the environment
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nerdcoregirl/4444937490/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Uneven ground?
“If your prediction is in error (PE) this is the signal to turn on attention and learning.” - Cathy Davidson
220My prediction
216Reality
It’s OK to be wrong
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.gamefront.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Permission to fail
Unpredictability
“Learning proceeds when outcomes occur that are not fully predicted, then slows down as outcomes become increasingly predicted and ends when outcomes are fully predicted.”
- Wolfram Schultz
http://www2.ph.ed.ac.uk/elearning/projects/voting/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
In just 60 seconds....
• 1500 new blog posts• 100,000 new tweets (Twitter)• 20,000 new posts (Tumblr)• 600 new videos (YouTube)• 12,000 new adverts (Craigslist)• 3000 new image uploads (Flickr)• .... Myspace, Wiktionary, Vimeo, Picasa,
Facebook, Wikipedia, Scoopit, Delicious, Diigo, Wallwisher, Etherpad, Storify....
Source: http://gizmodo.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/
Paragogy
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
The kinds of learner support
Social support
Academicsupport
Technicalsupport
Reference: (Carnwell, 2000)
Traditionally the domain of the teacher/tutor
These are often provided by peers
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“Education must begin with the solution of the teacher-student contradiction, by reconciling the poles of the contradiction so that both are simultaneously teachers and students.”
- Paulo Frierehttp://arts.anu.edu.au
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Heutagogy
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Flâneur
Self-determined learning
Hase & Kenyon
Modes of learningInformalFormal
Collaborative
Reflective
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Modes of learningInformalFormal
Collaborative
ReflectiveE-portfolios
Essay writing
Group workPeer learning Social networking
BloggingMicroblogging
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Space integration
Community spacePersonal space
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Wiki blog integration
Reflective spaceCollaborative space
Blog Wiki
Community spacePersonal space
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Wiki blog integration
Reflective spaceCollaborative space
Blog Wiki
Negotiation of meaningCo-construction of knowledge
Community spacePersonal space
Proximal Development Professional ID
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Wiki blog integration
Who I am What I know
Blog Wiki
ReflectionSelf expression
(Brescia & Miller, 2006)
Creative writingCritical thinking
Meta cognitive processesSocio cognitive processes
(Gleaves et al, 2007)
Sharing/exchangingEditing/modifying
(Tu et al, 2008)
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“All too often today we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”
- John W Gardner
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/image/s_flowers-lost-gardens-of-heligan.jpg
http://www.newcastle.edu.au
The future?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Learners need critical thinking skills
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“60% of all Internet pages contain
misleading information.”
- Thomas Edison
Learners need digital wisdom
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
language
personal data
language
Managing identity
nameimages
netiquette
reputation
avatar interaction
privacy
identity
legacy reputation
name
privacy
images
interaction
http://i.dailymail.co.uk
LOLZ lets post dis up on 2 Facebook
Responsibility and safety online
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Content isn’t King. It’s a Tyrant...
• How do I find stuff?• How do I know it’s accurate?• How do I share content?• How do I filter content?• How do I keep up with all the news?• How do I file content?• How do I categorise content?
scavenging.files.wordpress.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http:
//so
cial
ente
rpris
eam
bass
ador
s.or
g.uk
Learning to learn
Critical thinking
Collaboration
Creativity
Reflection
Evaluation
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://learningputty.com
Social media are now an important part of the culture of many young people.
Lecturers need to exploit the power and potential of these new tools to engage learners and enhance learning.
We need to think critically
about our future roles
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Content curation
Collaboration
Facilitation
Inspiration!
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/2760560588/
Co-learning
Learning support
Digital Content Curation
www.scoop.it/t/future-school
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire”.
W. B. Yeatswww.preservefortlouis.org
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
jupiterimages.com
Thank you
W: http://steve-wheeler.netE: [email protected]: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK:
International Licence.
Steve Wheeler [email protected] University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
http://steve-wheeler.net