red deer and hunting - hnee.de€¦ · gps collar – marked red deer collar_id date_marked...
TRANSCRIPT
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Red Deer and Hunting “Analysis and Visualization of GPS data – collected during hunt"
created by Felix Tiebel for 4th Semester M.Sc. Course Forest Information Technology (FIT)
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Outline
• Introduction
• Red Deer
• Research Project
• Research Area
• GPS in Wildlife tracking
• Methods and Materials
• Analysis and Visualization
• Outlook 2
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Introduction Problems: • Hunting in highly populated Areas:
• Human density vs. Red Deer density
• Strong Hunting Regulations for safety of both sides
• Hunting seasons, Age Class dependend shooting
• Fragmentation of habitat
• Change of activity Increased damage on forest economical damage
Solutions: • better understanding of „species and habitat“ interconnection
• use of GPS assisted Home Range Analysis
• regulate animal density according to capacities of habitat (hunting)
• improve habitat to set species-appropriate (rest area, grassing maedow)
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Problems
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Solutions
Foto by Gerhard Elsner
http://www.wald.sg.ch/home/0/waldregion_2_werdenberg-rheintal/projekte/wald_wild/wald-wild_projekt.Par.0001.Image.jpg
http://www.mtb-news.de/forum/image.php?u=25938&dateline=1209329352
By BS Thurner Hof
Foto by Pawel Ryszawa
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Red Deer
• pressed by urbanization and agriculture
• shifted its origin of open grassland into forested areas
• shifted from day- active into dawn/night- active (crepuscular) living
• interval of 5h inactive (chew again) and 7-10h of active browsing
• if interrupted escape = increased energy demand
hides in the forest = browse on bark
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• Red Deer (Cervus elaphus, L.1758) is the largest grazing mammal (Ruminantia) in Europe
• weight is up to 150kg and 110-120cm height
http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/41785/0/rangemap
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Source: Google Maps
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Red Deer in Germany
7 spring-time population/1000ha Forested Area
Red Deer Distribution March 2010
Red Deer is allowed to live only in special „declared“ areas in 9 Counties of Germany
Map produced by Andreas Kinser, Kirsten Koop
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Forest Discrict Eberswalde -- Disctrict Eiserbuder
Investigation AreaHunting Area
0 50 100 15025 Kilometers
Brandenburg
marked Hunting Area
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Investigation Area - Close Up
natural and anthropogenicBorders for Red Deer
forest District Eiserbuder - Brandenburg/Germany
0 1 20,5 Kilometers
0 1 20,5 Kilometers
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GPS Collar – marked Red Deer
Collar_ID date_marked no_signal sex category age_marked mark_clr earclip
6226 14.01.2010 female AK I orange right
6223 14.01.2010 female AK II green left
6230 09.02.2010 female AK II 10 yellow
1001 09.02.2010 female AK II 4 blue right
6220 09.02.2010 female AK II 10 orange
998 29.03.2010 female AK II blue right
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Table : collared animals in 2010 (Felix Tiebel 29/03/2011)
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GPS fixes intervals • The battery lifetime depends upon the frequency of the cycle of
GPS fixes and the SMS send to the ground station.
• collars are set to a 90 minute cycle of an GPS fix and to a 7-Fix/SMS
• In case of increase demand of spatial distribution - the fix- cycle can be accelerated to higher temporal frequencies.
The rutting season of Red Deer during September and early October and the hunting event in November 2011 are reasons for set the collar to an increased frequency of 15-minute fixes.
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Other GPS systems Vectronic Aerospace offers 3 Systems in total:
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• “…Iridium Communication • via Iridium satellite network similar to the GSM communication (see before)
two major differences important for using Iridium: • The Validity Period, = an Iridium message is kept stored if no connection can
be established between collar and researcher is five days. either a message, data from the collar or new schedules, will be deleted. • Data are not received via SMS but are transmitted directly from the
Iridium network by email.
• Argos and Globalstar • These system provide a one-way communication only. This means that data
are send by the collar for a pre-defined time span. • If a satellite is in range, data are transmitted to the researcher. • If no satellite is in range, data are not transmitted and can only be
received from the collar's non-volatile on-board-storage. • No new schedules can be uploaded to the collar…”.
© Vectronic Collar Manual
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Picture : Globalstar - Coverage Map (http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232)
http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232http://www.globalstar.com/en/index.php?cid=106&sidenav=232
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Material and Software
• The main software programs that were used in this project are: • ESRI ArcMap 9.3 SP1 including the add-on “Hawth’s Tools”
• MS Office Access 2010
• Additionally for converting GPS data following software programs and scripts have been used: • Track Manager 1.0
• Vectronic GPS Plus 3.8.1
• MS Access Script “NewFieldName”
• The Map material used in ArcMap is provided by the “Geodaten-“Server of the University of Applied Science - Eberswalde (HNEE).
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Analysis of GPS data • Collar Data was imported into MS Access 2010
• Queries for selecting errors based on DOP; NAV or ALT_Z_n • Logger data had to be changed from gpxcsvdbfpoint-shp • Generally: lots of working steps necessary as multiple GPS sources
available
15 Picture: MS Access 2010 – example of GPS collar Errors
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Visualization of Hunt • Hunt took place at 12.11.2010 in Forest District Eiserbuder;
Brandenburg/Germany
• 2 events
• a “silent” hunt with hunters* remain on stands above the ground
• From 07:30 – to 10:00 a.m. (starting earlier to bring hunters in Position)
• a “Beater” hunt with people* making little noise and circuit during dense forest areas for keep wild animals moving
• From 10:30 – 12:00 a.m.
• assistance with special trained dogs*
• Sights of collared animals should be reported, shooting of collared animal forbidden
• one older collared Red Deer (no.6223) got its calve shoot analysis of reaction/movement based on tracks
* Equipped with GPS-Logger (I-GotU 120)
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http://global.mobileaction.com/images/galery_120_01.jpg
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Movement from Oct.-Dec. 2010
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0 1 20,5 Kilometers
Monthly Movementof Selected CollarsCollar No.: - 01001 - 06223in the Forest District Eiserbuder Brandenburg/Germany
Legend
#0 GPSxy_Dec_2010_GSM06220
#0 GPSxy_Nov_2010_GSM06220
#0 GPSxy_Oct_2010_GSM06220
GPSxy_Nov_2010_GSM01001
GPSxy_Oct_2010_GSM01001
GPSxy_Dec_2010_GSM01001
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Wild Bridge crossing Highway’s
18 http://www.frankenpost.de/storage/pic/intern/import/hupautomatik/laenderspiegel/658835_1_fpnd_wildbruecke_6sp__fuer_L.jpg
http://www.wildbiologie.de/grafiken/revieroptimierung.jpg
http://www.frankenpost.de/storage/pic/intern/import/hupautomatik/laenderspiegel/658835_1_fpnd_wildbruecke_6sp__fuer_L.jpghttp://www.frankenpost.de/storage/pic/intern/import/hupautomatik/laenderspiegel/658835_1_fpnd_wildbruecke_6sp__fuer_L.jpghttp://www.wildbiologie.de/grafiken/revieroptimierung.jpg
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Logger Data BeatersLogger Data Dogs
Logger Stand Guides
0 0,5 10,25 Kilometers
Legend
XYt2_24_1_mod_01
XYt3_08_01_mod_01
XYt2_32_1_mod_01
GPS_XY_stands_02
Legend
XYt3_07_mod_01_a
XYt3_18_mod_01
XYt3_46_mod_01
GPS_XY_stands_020 0,5 10,25 Kilometers 0 0,5 10,25 Kilometers
Legend
XYt2_23_mod_01
XYt2_24_mod_01
XYt3_03_mod_01
XYt3_16_mod_01
GPS_XY_stands_02
Modified Logger Dataof - Stand Guides- Dogs- Beatersduring Hunt at 12.11.2010Forest District Eiserbuder - Brandenburg/Germany
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20
23:45:19
23:30:17
22:30:25
21:30:47
21:16:07
21:01:41
20:46:15
20:30:41
20:15:23
20:00:54
19:47:20
19:31:58
19:16:00
19:00:35
18:45:26
18:30:16
18:15:09
18:00:12
16:45:20
16:30:47
16:16:13
16:01:05
15:30:41
15:15:14
15:00:14
14:45:0914:30:13
14:15:24
06:30:40
06:15:48
06:01:26
05:31:1905:15:09
05:00:14
04:45:17
04:30:4704:15:54
04:00:2503:45:32
03:15:16
02:45:54
4 Kamp
56 Molek
9 Wessels
13 J. Kunz
8 B.Langen
7 M.Langen
10 A. Opitz
3 L. Blasko2 L. Blasko
1 I. Helbig
12 Landsberg
15 Wolfram Simon
11 T. Winterfeld
0 0,5 10,25 Kilometers
Legend
GPS_XY_stands_02
GPSxy_Huntday_GSM06226
GPSxy_Huntday_GSM06223
GSM06223_pathHuntday_01
Visualization of Collar 06223 during Huntcalve of Red Deer with Collar 06223was shot at 7:30a.m.
visualization during Hunt at 12.11.2010
Forest DistrictEiserbuder - Brandenburg/Germany
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Home Range Analysis 1 • Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) - this Method connects all data points by
creating a convex polygon (unknown 2011). The area can then be calculated.
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0 0,5 10,25 Kilometers
Legend
MCP_GSM01001_Oct01
MCP_GSM01001_Nov2010_01
MCP_GSM01001_Dec2010_01
Minimum Convex Polygon(MCP)of Collar 01001
during October to December 2010
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Home Range Analysis 1 • Kernel Analysis - The Kernel function is used for determine the area
where an animal lives and travels – called Home Range.
• “Home range then is the area, usually around a home site, over which the animal normally travels in search of food.” (William Henry Burt 1943, pp. 351-351).
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• MCP + Kernel Analysis were calculated using ArcMap Extension “Hawth’s Tools”
• Many other Software is available:
• Animal Space Use 1.3 beta
• AniMove
• Ranges8 from Anatrack (purchase)
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23 0 0,4 0,80,2 Kilometers 0 0,4 0,80,2 Kilometers
0 300150 Meters
Legend
GPSxy_Oct_2010_GSM01001
kde15_GSM01001.img
Value
High : 13103
Low : 0
PVC_kde25_GSM01001
PERCENT
50
95
PVC_kde15_GSM01001
PERCENT
50
95
Kernel Analysis Collar 01001 -- October 2010 smoothing factor 15 and 25
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Conclusion and Outlook
• Large Amount of GPS Raw data – many steps until Visualization is possible in ArcMap
• Importing gpx-data with ArcMap is insufficient
• Used hardware inside the collar is unknown – search for error can only be done with post-processing no adjustment of hardware possible
• Use of loggers during hunt should be intensified
• Final analysis of 1year- GPS-data during Master thesis
• Refinement of Kernel analysis
• Possible Aid for identify position of new Wild Bridge crossing Highway E11
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References • Digitale Topographische Karte TK 25 (2000): Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg.
• Annette Krop-Benesch (2011): GPS Plus Collar. User's Manual. Edited by Vectronics Aerospace GmbH. Berlin, updated on 24/02/2011, checked on 5/04/2011.
• Bützler, Wilfried (2001): Rotwild. Biologie, Verhalten, Umwelt, Hege. 5., überarb. und erw. München [u.a.]: BLV. Available online at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48726828.
• Christian Pesch (2011): Route Converter. Version 2.3: Christian Pesch. Available online at http://www.routeconverter.de/home/, checked on 8/04/2011.
• Deutsche Wildtier Stiftung: Artikel, Tagungsbeitraege und Berichte. Edited by Deutsche Wildtier Stiftung. Available online at http://www.rothirsch.org/Publikationen/aufsaetze.php, checked on 4/04/2011.
• List of Home Range Tools (http://nhsbig.inhs.uiuc.edu/wes/home_range.html)
• Ranges8 (http://www.anatrack.com/newR8.html)
• Animal Space Use 1.3beta (http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/population_ecology/animal_space_use.htm)
• Hawthorne Beyer (2007): Hawth's Analysis Tools for ArcGIS. Hawth's Tools. Version 3.27: SpatialEcology.com. Available online at http://www.spatialecology.com/htools/download.php, checked on 5/04/2011.
• William Henry Burt (1943): Territoriality and Home Range Concepts as Applied to Mammals. In Journal of Mammalogy 24 (3), pp. 346–352. Available online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1374834, checked on 10/04/2011.
• Mobile Action Technology Inc. (2011): Track Manager. Version 1.0 Build 1102.1051. Taipei: Mobile Action Technology Inc. Available online at http://global.mobileaction.com/download/GPS_Tracker_download.jsp, checked on 5/04/2011.
• TommyK (2004): NewFieldName. Ändert den Name eines Feldes in der gewählten DB. Version 1.0. Available online at http://www.shop.tksoft-online.de/index.php/msaccess-codes/15/100-feld-namen-aendern-dao.html, checked on 5/04/2011.
• unknown (2011): MINIMUM CONVEX POLYGON (MCP) (Mohr, 1947). With assistance of unknown. Edited by Divisão de Processamento de Imagens. Available online at http://www.dpi.inpe.br/sil/EDU/refs/Minimum%20Convex%20Polygon%201%2017%2007.pdf, updated on 9/04/2011.
• Vectronic Aerospace GmbH (2007): GPS Plus. Version 3.8.1: Vectronic Aerospace GmbH. Available online at http://www.vectronic-aerospace.com/wildlife.php?p=wildlife_downloads, checked on 5/04/2011.
• Veit Zimmermann (2007): GPS Plus Collar Manager. Master Manual. With assistance of Robert Schulte. Edited by Vectronics Aerospace GmbH. Berlin (GP-D023). Available online at http://vectronic-aerospace.com/files/GPS_Plus_V3.0.0_User_Manual.pdf, checked on 5/04/2011.
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http://nhsbig.inhs.uiuc.edu/wes/home_range.htmlhttp://nhsbig.inhs.uiuc.edu/wes/home_range.htmlhttp://www.anatrack.com/newR8.htmlhttp://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/population_ecology/animal_space_use.htm