recuwatt conference - joan mata lecture
DESCRIPTION
SECTION II: CLIMATE CHANGE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT “Some energetic and environmental aspects regarding the recycling of bio-waste" by Mr. Joan Mata, Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of BarcelonaTRANSCRIPT
JOAN MATADPT. ENGINYERIA QUÍMICA. UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA
SOME ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF BIOWASTE RECYCLING
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Residual waste Biowaste
Management of RW andBiowaste
Residual waste Biowaste
IA’s through LCA show the advantages ofoption A, that is theenergy recoveryalternative
Management of RW andBiowaste
Most developed countries lead incinerationoption in Europe
% IncineratdelsRSU
INCINERACIÓ A ESPANYA10 Plantes: t/any % del total
Asturias 94600 4.3
Baleares 255000 11.6
Catalunya Besos 328000 14,9
Total Catalunya
Catalunya Tarragona 180000 8,2 719000
CatalunyaMataró 170000 7,7 32,6%
Catalunya Girona 41000 1,9
Galicia 550000 24,9
Madrid 299000 13,6
Melilla 46000 2,1
242000 11,0
2205600 100,0
% Incineració a Catalunya: 16,5%
% Incineració a Espanya*: 9,9%
% Incineració a UE15: 22,8%
* Inclou Catalunya
Most developed countries lead recycling in EU
% R
ecic
latd
els
RSU
Residual waste Biowaste
Management of RW andBiowaste
Recycling witheffects onenergy, material recovery andgreenhouse gases emissions
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Renewable energy sources (RES) Directive (2009/28/EC) ‐Targets
• Each Member State shall ensure mandatory national target of at least a 20 % share of energy from renewable sources in 2020 (art. 3.1)
• Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that Member State (art. 3.4)
• … the contribution made by biofuels produced from wastes, residues, non‐food cellulosic material, and ligno‐cellulosic material shall be considered to be twice that made by other biofuels (art. 21.2)
Recycling of biodegradable waste(new documents May 2010)
• Communication from the Commission on future steps in biowaste management in the European Union ‐ COM(2010)235 final
• Commission Staff Working Document Accompanying the Communicationfrom the Commission on future steps in biowaste management in the
European Union ‐ SEC(2010) 577 finalhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/compost/developments.htm
Recyling of biowaste
(Zambrzycki, 2011)
(Körner, 2011) (Körner, 2011)
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Still a long way to go…
0,35 Mt6 AD sites1,5 Mt
30 AD sites
Spain: Only AD sites are listedOnly 15-20% treating biowaste
(Gilbert, 2011)
Potential of bio‐waste contribution to RES targets
• About 1/3 of the 2020 EU target to use renewable energy in transport could be met by using the biogas produced from biowasteas vehicle fuel
• Around 2% of the overall renewable energy target could be met if all biowaste is turned into energy
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Recycling of biodegradable waste
• Basic options:
• Composting, AD and AD + Composting
• These options should be placed in accordancewith economics and European legislativeregulations.
• Recycling definition requires re‐use of materials, excludes use as a fuel.
• AD can be counted as recycling only if digestate is used on land.
• AD aspects:– Recyling <‐> LCA effects– Bioenergy <‐> GHG reduction
∙ CHP ∙ GRID INJECTION ∙ FUEL FOR VEHICLES
Recyling of biowaste
Results of the 20in2020 directive
• In most of the countries (new) feed‐in tariffs were announced or introduced
• Some of the countries announced goals for biogas
• There is hardly any measure set for biogas as transport fuel
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Implementation in Europe
• Biomethane has very low emissions
• Car engines are less noisy
• No distribution infrastructure needed, grids are available
• Biomethane can be blended at any ratio with natural gas
• Technology to upgrade biogas to biomethane is well proven (industrial level)• Currently main market for grid injection is in Germany. Market develops also in other European countries now• Grid injection of biomethaneallows different ways of energeticutilization.
Grid injection: A sustainable solution
Right now: CHP the optimum
Advantages:• No upgrading is required• Electricity will become an
important vehicle fuel
Drawbacks: • The grid structure
needs significant improvement
• Utilisation of heat
• Peak loads in the grid
(Wellinger, 2011)
Gas injection into the grid and production of heat andelectricity in densely populated areas.
Improving AD efficiency
FEED STOCK PRE‐TREATMENTS
• Thermal,
• Biological,
• Mechanical
EFFECTS:More efficient digestion (higher reduction of VS).Higher gas production (up to 30%)More stable Biological process (material more homogeneous, mixed)
IMPROVEMENT OF FEEDSTOCK BIODEGRADABILITY
Improving AD efficiency
• Digestion process (bacteria, archea, enzymes involved, essential nutrients and macronutirents)• Higher gas yield (up to 20%)
ADDITIVES IN THE DIGESTION MEDIUM
AD OPERATION CONTROL
• Mixing, pumping.• Control, automation• HRT, temperature
• High efficiency CHP units.
DON’T FORGET THE CO‐DIGESTION OPTION
Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Biowaste recycling: Energy, Material and environmental aspects
• Potential of biowaste recycling
• Biowaste AD
• Improvements on Biowaste AD (grid injection and process)
• Conclusions
Recap• As in the case of residual waste thermal valorization, biowaste management has large effects on climate change.
• Only 25% of the biodegrable waste potential is used.
• Biowaste recyling through AD contributes to the RES directive targets and WFD statements.
• Large potential for CO2 savings (energy, nutrients, C sequestration), soil improvement and recycling of N, P and Organic Matter).
Recap
• Cost effective solutions such as excess heatutilization, grid injection, biogas use in transport and co‐digestion should be soughtfor.
• There is still room for process and biogas production optimization
• We should turn out as a competitiveadvantage biowaste recycling obligation.
