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Recreational Boater Movement in California and Nevada and Implications for Dreissenid Mussel Introduction to Inland Water Bodies October 2122, 2010 Sacramento, CA Marion Wittmann, Ph.D. [email protected]

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Page 1: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Recreational Boater Movement in California and Nevada and Implications for Dreissenid Mussel Introduction to 

Inland Water Bodies

October 21‐22, 2010Sacramento, CA

Marion Wittmann, [email protected]

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Acknowledgements

• University of California Center for Water Resources (Funder)

• US Fish and Wildlife Service Western Regional Panel (Funder)

• Tahoe Resource Conservation District and Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (Data)

• University of California Davis and University of Nevada Reno (Support)

Page 3: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

“…bombardment of every country by foreign species, brought accidentally or on purpose, by vessel and by air and also overland from that used to be isolated…”

‐Elton 1958

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Page 5: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Long distance dispersal events greatly increase the speed of invasions, the expansion of ranges

Skellam 1951, Hengeveld 1989, Shigesada et al. 1995

Sharov and Liebhold 1998

Page 6: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Known Dispersal Vectors

• Boats (recreational, commercial)

• Fishing equipment (creels, boots, lures)

• Waterway connections (rivers, canals, currents)

• Waterfowl 

• Aquarium or ornamental release

Page 7: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

StateState Area 

(sq. mi.)

Number of  Registered Boats 1

(2005 Ranking)

Statewide Population

Boats per 

capita

Approximate number of boat‐able 

inland water bodies 2

Boat Ramps

Boat ramp per registered boat

Number of boat able 

water bodies per registered 

boat

Florida 65,758 973,859 (1) 18,089,888 19 7,700 535 0.0005 0.0079

California 163,707 963,758 (2) 36,457,549 38 404 355 0.0004 0.0004

Michigan 96,810 944,138 (3) 10,095,643 11 11,000 1302 0.0014 0.0117

Minnesota 86,943 853,489 (4) 5,167,101 6 5,400 3031 0.0036 0.0063

Wisconsin 65,503 639,198 (5) 5,556,506 9 15,000 2000 0.0031 0.0235

Nevada 110,567 57,726 (40) 2,495,529 43 200 41 0.0007 0.0035

[1] National Marine Manufacturer’s Association. 2005. U.S. Recreational Boat Registration Statistics. [2] Boat U.S. 2007. Boat Owner’s Association of the United States “Places to Boat and Fish”. [3] California Department of Boating and Waterways Boating Facilities and Needs Assessment 2002. [4] Boat U.S. Boat launch ramp locator. [5] Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lake Access Point List, 2008. [6] Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Lake Access Point List, 2008.[7] Boat U.S. Boat launch ramp locator[8] Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Boat Ramp List 2008. 

U. S. Spatial boating statistics: Top Five Boating States……And Nevada! 

Page 8: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Wisconsin boaters 

Buchan and Padilla 1999

Ontario Boaters

MacIssac et al. 2004

International Shipping Traffic 

Drake and Lodge 2004

Watercraft and boater travel as observed in other systems

Distance travelled (km)

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Frequency histogram of distances travelled by boaters travelling to top used Nevadan and Californian inland 

waterways (N = 778)

Distance (m x 105)

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County Origins of Tahoe Survey County Origins of 100th Meridian Survey

Two Surveys:‐Collected at Lake Tahoe, N = 778‐Collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 100th Meridian Initiative, N = 1312

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Page 12: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

A gravity model is a transportation model that is used to estimate the volume of traffic moving between 

places: It is based on distance and the attractiveness of a destination

ij

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ijiij dWOAU

1

Thomas and Huggett, 1980

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MacIssac et al. 2004, Ecological Applications

Linking Spiny Waterflea (Bythotrephes longimanus) invasion with Gravity Models

+

Page 14: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

So, how does the estimation of distance impact the gravity model?

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Page 15: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

In the midwest, use a power distribution

Because of the western landscape we have to think about this differently

Page 16: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Bimodal, R2 = 0.91, p < 0.01Power, R2 = 0.53, p < 0.01

Tij (Bimodal)

T ij(Po

wer)

Depending on how you incorporate distance into the model, the prediction of risk changes

We have to not only think about lakes that are close to us, but lakes that are farther away too! 

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Boater attraction: What motivates a boater to drive hundreds  of kilometers!? 

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Distance Surface Area of waterway

Ramp lanes

Fishing tackle for sale

Parking Spaces

SecchiDepth

Convenience store

Sportfishery

Boat wash facilities

Sacramento (N = 208)

x x x x x

Roseville(N = 55)

x x x x x

Elk Grove (N= 79)

x x x X x

South Lake Tahoe(N = 103)

x x x

Reno, NV(N = 153)

x x x x

Carson City, NV (N = 127)

x x

Las Vegas, NV (N=99)

x x x x x x

Using Logistic Regression, the probability of site selection as explained by waterway attributes. Waterway attribute data compiled by the California Department of Boating and Waterways

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No sites with Dreissenid mussels!!

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3 of 4 top used sites in Nevada have Dreissenid mussel presence

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Page 23: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

2009 State originations of Lake Tahoe Recreational Boaters, N = 13,748Boat Launch Inspection Survey Data, 2009

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Conclusions• Be careful how you analyze your data• Boater databases can help to estimate high probability 

connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers—These events drive invasion speeds‐‐With some species, it just takes one!

• Recreational boaters are willing to travel for a variety of reasons to use waterways including distance, amenities and resource quality

• A precautionary approach toward invasive species management and prevention provides the highest probability of delaying or avoiding an introduction of an unwanted AIS

Page 25: Recreational Boater Movement in and Nevada and ... · connectivity between waterways but may not include low probability, long distance dispersers —These events drive invasion speeds

Thank you very much for your attention!

Questions?

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Number of trailered boat launches in Lake Tahoe in 2009, N = 19,148Data collected by Tahoe Resource Conservation District, Tahoe 

Regional Planning Agency

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State originations of trailered recreational boats launching atLake Tahoe in 2009, N = 13,748

Lake Tahoe Boat Launch Inspection Survey Dataset (TRCD, TRPA)

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