recovered energy generation ormat technologies, inc. 980 greg street sparks, nv 89431-6039 usa chp...
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Recovered Energy Recovered Energy GenerationGeneration
ORMAT Technologies, Inc.980 Greg Street
Sparks, NV 89431-6039 USA
www.ormat.com
CHPCHP
Waste Heat-to-Power Generation WorkshopWaste Heat-to-Power Generation Workshop
March 2, 2005March 2, 2005
University of California, IrvineUniversity of California, Irvine
Recovered Energy GenerationRecovered Energy Generation
((REGREG))
Recovery of residual waste heat energy with conversion to commercial grade electrical power
Economical, practical conversion of heat energy into electrical energy
Use of various “heat engines” governed by the laws of thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat engine efficiency is limited by the difference in the temperature of the heat source and the surroundings
CogenerationCogenerationCHPCHP
(Sequential use of energy)(Sequential use of energy)
Power Power GenerationGeneration
Heat to ProcessHeat to ProcessFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion
ToppinToppingg
Power Power GenerationGeneration
Heat to ProcessHeat to ProcessFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion
BottomingBottoming
Power Power GenerationGeneration
Mechanical WorkMechanical WorkFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion
Bottoming?Bottoming?
Power Power GenerationGeneration
Mechanical WorkMechanical WorkFuel Fuel CombustionCombustion
Heat to ProcessHeat to Process
BottomingBottoming
Recovered Energy GenerationRecovered Energy Generation
((REGREG ) )Target CriteriaTarget Criteria
Temperature of the heat source and cooling medium
Total available heat
State of heat source medium (Gas, Liquid, Condensable)
Corrosive or erosive nature of heat source
Consistency of heat source
Low local demand for heat energy
Demand for electrical power (Internal, External)
Site specific requirements (Space, existing power distribution, value of generated power, cooling medium)
Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation
o Industrial and Process Plants– Cement, Glass, Petrochem, Mineral Processing, Pulp & Paper, Metals et al
Process Streams• Gases; >400F (204C)• Liquids; >200F (93C)• LP Steam (condensable vapors); any
Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation
o Combustion Gases– Combustion Turbine Exhaust
• Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations• Gas Processing Plants• Cogeneration (CHP)
– Internal combustion engines• Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations• Gas Processing Plants• Cogeneration (CHP)
Heat Sources for Recovered Heat Sources for Recovered Energy GenerationEnergy Generation
o Combustion Gases– Incinerators
• Biomass• Municipal waste• Thermal Oxidizers• Flares
o Nuclear Waste?
ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)Typical Applications of Recovered EnergyTypical Applications of Recovered Energy
ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC)Typical Applications of Recovered EnergyTypical Applications of Recovered Energy
ChemicalPlant
HotWater
320
95
70
750
10
20
700
Application1
Application2
Pulp andPaper Mill
CondensingLow Pressure
Steam
13
105
80
1000
13.5
20
930
PetrochemicalPlant
CondensingHydrocarbons(Top Vapors)
85
104
85
1000
27
37
780
Application3
Application4
Cement PlantClinker Cooler
196
275
125
1200
Application5
ExhaustGases
203.8
365
110
1600
28
37
2950
Gas TurbineBottoming
Application6
Application7
ChargedAir
198.5
172
106
Air CooledCondensers
Design PointAmbient
Temperature11oC
Exhaust Gases
295
463
92
5825
Air CooledCondensers
Design PointAmbient
Temperature2oC
Diesel Generators
Heat StreamType
Flow Rate(tons/hr)
TemperatureInlet (oC)
TemperatureOutlet (oC)
Cooling Water:
Flow Rate(Tons/hr)
Inlet Temp. oC
Outlet Temp. oC
OEC Net Outputto Grid - kW
Location
OilRefinery
LiquidDiesel Oil
156
184
80
700
20
30
1070
1032
US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Combustion Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Combustion Powered
CompressorsCompressors
US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Gas Turbine Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Gas Turbine Powered
CompressorsCompressors
Over 1,400 simple cycle gas turbines for gas compression at more than 600 stations
10,000,000 installed hp @ 30% efficiency
932 MWe recovered energy potential
189 MCFD usage of natural gas avoidable
11,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset
US REG Market PotentialUS REG Market PotentialOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Cement PlantsOrganic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Cement Plants
Over 230 Cement kilns with 116 Cement Plant Locations
Average power production capacity of 4.5 MW from each kiln
500 MWe recovered energy potential
10,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset
Qualified Energy Recovery
A “Green” Power Technology
NEVADA: AB 429 accepts “Qualified Energy Recovery” from non electrical generating sources such as mining processes, as eligible for RPS
NORTH DAKOTA: Pipeline Compressor GT Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery Is “eligible for green tags or green energy sales”
SOUTH DAKOTA: “Consider these projects as renewable energy resources”
OTHERS: Under Consideration in Many States
EconomicsEconomics
Economics vary by application
– Heat source utilization
– Physical configuration
– Value of power generated
– Capital cost
– O & M cost
– Return horizon
Resource Recovery: BiomassGeothermal Power Plants
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Heat Recovery – Gas PlantHeat Recovery - Pipelines
1473
Waste Heat-to-Power
Applications
CHP Applications