“records access & democracy”
DESCRIPTION
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm. “Records Access & Democracy”. UTAH STATE ARCHIVES. 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm. Records an Ancient Instrument of Control. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
“Records Access & Democracy”
Records an Ancient Instrument of Control
“In the ancient world and in medieval times, the treasury
in temples and churches contained both treasures and the records, safely
stored and hidden from the strangers’ gaze. Whatever their architecture, archives
serve symbolically as temples shielding an idol
from the gaze of the uninitiated, guarding the
treasures as a monopoly for the priesthood, exercising
surveillance over those who are admitted.”
--Ketelaar, p. 234
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
“What emerges in this investigation is that the question of the archives nationales became a question of control over the memory of the state’s exercise of power over citizens;
and who had the power to mobilize or intervene in this memory to shape the body politic, to make as well as to
write history.” -Milligan, p. 160
“Article I declared the Archives nationales to be ‘the central depository for the entire republic’…It also made
the right of access to these documents a right of all citizens: article 37 allowed that ‘all citizens can ask, in all
depositories, at the dates and times fixed, communication of the pieces contained therein,’ without cost and provided that they remain on the premises.”
-Milligan, pp. 161-162
Transformation of the Archives &
The French Revolution.
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Rights, a Balancing Act“Rights provide standards
of conduct which govern the relationship between government and the citizen…the conflict is not simply
that of competing rights but also of
competing needs, both for individuals and for
society at large.”-Reitman, p. 501
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Rights of Citizens“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness – That to secure these right, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed...”
-The Declaration of Independence
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
The essence of Democracy“Freedom of information…is the essence of
free and democratic government. Unless the citizenry is fully informed, the whole
democratic experiment in self-government fails no matter what the social, political, or economic issue may be. Wise and effective participation in the affairs of government,
through the election process and communication with legislators and the
media, is weakened if the flow of information is limited or blocked.”
-Reitman, p. 501 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
FOIA
“(3)(A) Except with respect to the records made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, each agency, upon request for records which (i) reasonably
describes such records and (ii) is made in accordance with published rules stating
the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed, shall make the records promptly available to any person.”
--Freedom of Information Act, 1996 5 USC §552, As Amended by Public Law No. 104-
231, 110 Stat. 3048346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Access and Memory
“Because the construction of collective memory, and thereby collective
identity, by nations, communities, or groups of people depends on their ability to confront and understand
their history, access is integral to the custody of historical records.”
--Bastian, p. 14
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Government Transparency in the 21st Century
Part II
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
GRAMA- The Nuts and Bolts
• Enacted in 1992• Records Access law• 9 parts• No major changes
since 1992• 26th State to enact an
open records law
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Working Committee Recommendations
•Cost and Timeliness Sub-Committee
•Simplification and Centralization Sub-Committee
•Statutory Definitions Sub-Committee
•Emerging Technology Sub-Committee
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Methodology• Sunshine Review
•Sunshine Review is a non-profit organization dedicated to state and local government transparency. The Sunshine Review wiki collects and shares transparency information and uses a "10-point Transparency Checklist" to evaluate the content of every state and more than 5,000 local government websites. Sunshine Review collaborates with individuals
and organizations throughout America in the cause of an informed citizenry and an accountable government.
• U.S. PIRG•U.S. PIRG, the federation of state Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs), stands up to powerful special interests on behalf of the American public, working to win concrete results for our health and our well-being. With a strong network of researchers, advocates, organizers and students in state capitols across the country, we take on the special interests on issues, such as product safety, political corruption, prescription drugs and voting rights, where these
interests stand in the way of reform and progress.
• Sutherland Institute•Sutherland Institute is a conservative public policy think tank committed to shaping Utah law and policy based on a core set of governing principles. We strive to make Utah an example of good government for the rest of the nation and a great place to live, work, and raise a family.
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
A Sunshine State of Mind
• Budgets• Open meeting laws • Elected officials• Administrative Officials• Building permits and
zoning
• Audits• Contracts• Lobbying• Public records• Taxes
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Does Utah Measure Up?
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Transparency Report CardSunshine
Review
US
PIRG
Sutherland
Institute
State C C N/A
Counties D N/A N/A
Cities i N/A C
State
Budget
Usability
Elected Officials
Administrative Officials
Ethics
Audits
Contracts
Lobbying
Public records
Taxes
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
StateA
15%
B60%
C25%
Transparency report card State
COLORADO A+
CALIFORNIA A+
MASSACHUSETTS A+
NEVADA B
NEW MEXICO B
IDAHO B
GEORGIA B
MARYLAND B
FLORIDA B
NEW YORK B
NORTH DAKOTA B
SOUTH DAKOTA B
OKLAHOMA B
TEXAS B
KENTUCKY B
ARIZONA C
WYOMING C
VIRGINIA C
MICHIGAN C
UTAH C
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Yes 8 24 25 26 17 5 1 1 2 14
Partial 3 0 3 2 4 1 1 0 0 2
No 18 5 1 1 8 23 27 28 27 13
Budget MeetingsElected officials
Admin. Officials
Permits/Zoning
Audits Contracts LobbyingPublic records
Taxes
County
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
CountyA+3%
B3% B-
7%
C10%
C-14%
D29%
D-10%
F24%
County Grades
Beaver County, Utah D
Box Elder County, Utah D
Cache County, Utah C-
Carbon County, Utah F
Daggett County, Utah C
Davis County, Utah D
Duchesne County, Utah C-
Emery County, Utah D
Garfield County, Utah F
Grand County, Utah D
Iron County, Utah F
Juab County, Utah F
Kane County, Utah F
Millard County, Utah D
County Grades
Morgan County, Utah D-
Piute County, Utah F
Rich County, Utah D
Salt Lake County, Utah A+
San Juan County, Utah C-
Sanpete County, Utah D-
Sevier County, Utah C-
Summit County, Utah B
Tooele County, Utah D-
Uintah County, Utah B-
Utah County, Utah B-
Wasatch County, Utah C
Washington County, Utah D
Wayne County, Utah F
Weber County, Utah C
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
City
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Yes 60 89 102 88 65 39 21 0 45 43
Partial 2 6 8 4 7 2 2 0 2 4
No 49 16 1 19 39 70 88 111 64 64
Budget
Meetings
Elected
official
Admin.
Officia
Permits/Zon
ingAudits
Contracts
Lobbying
Public record
sTaxes
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
CityA-
6%B
8%
B-20%
C10%
C-15%
D17%
D-10%
F14%
City Grades
Draper, Utah A-
Park City, Utah A-
Provo, Utah A-
Riverton, Utah A-
Salt Lake City, Utah A-
Taylorsville, Utah A-
West Jordan, Utah A-
Bluffdale, Utah B
Murray, Utah B
North Salt Lake, Utah B
Ogden, Utah B
Sandy, Utah B
South Jordan, Utah B
South Ogden, Utah B
St. George, Utah B
Syracuse, Utah B
City Grades
Alta, Utah B-
Cedar City, Utah B-
Cedar Hills, Utah B-
Cottonwood Heights, Utah B-
Eagle Mountain, Utah B-
Heber City, Utah B-
Herriman, Utah B-
Highland, Utah B-
Ivins, Utah B-
La Verkin, Utah B-
Lehi, Utah B-
Mapleton, Utah B-
Midvale, Utah B-
Orem, Utah B-
Perry, Utah B-
Saratoga Springs, Utah B-
South Weber, Utah B-
Spanish Fork, Utah B-
Vernal, Utah B-
Washington Terrace, Utah B-
West Valley, Utah B-
Woods Cross, Utah B-
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs
$0$50,000
$100,000$150,000$200,000$250,000$300,000$350,000$400,000$450,000$500,000
Marylan
d
Kan
sas
Utah
Texas
Misso
uri*
Neb
raska*
Califo
rnia*
Projected
Actual
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs
$0$1,000,000$2,000,000$3,000,000$4,000,000$5,000,000$6,000,000$7,000,000$8,000,000$9,000,000
$10,000,000
FederalWebsite
StateWebsites
Projected
Actual
Estimated AnnualMaintenance
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Moving Forward
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
1.Transparency checklist items 2. Include links to any and all
public financial information3. “Three clicks and you’re out” rule4.Review website search functions
“Popular government, without popular information, or the means of
acquiring it is but a prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps,
both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors must arm
themselves with the power which knowledge gives.”
-James Madison, 276.
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Sunshine Review
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_Checklist
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_cities
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_counties
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Years_that_state_FOIA_laws_were_enacted
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_checklist_possible_additions
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Evaluation_of_Utah_state_website
http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Cost_of_state_transparency_websites
Sutherland Institute
Monson, Derek. “Grading City Government Transparency” November 24, 2010. http://www.sutherlandinstitute.org/uploads/Grading_City_Government_Transparency.pdf
U.S. PIRG
Following the Money map: http://www.uspirg.org/follow-the-money-map
“Following the Money” report 2011:https://pincdn.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/d1b1c8a147fbf379dfc14c8c86a83e52/Following-the-Money-2011-vUS.pdf
“Following the Money” report 2010:http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/b3ba157e28d82952ee5b7a3f84e88499/Following-the-Money-USPIRG.pdf
State of Utah
S.B. 38, March 2008: http://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/sbillint/sb0038s05.pdf
GRAMA Working Group Recommendations: http://www.gramarevisited.com/category/working-group-meetings
https://www.facebook.com/UtahGRAMA
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm
UTAH STATE ARCHIVES
Campo, Amarna Akkadian Letter, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amarna_Akkadian_letter.png. Eric Ketelaar, “Archival Temples, Archival Prisons: Modes of Power and Protection,” Archival Science 2 (2002): 221-238. Ernst Posner, Archives in the Ancient World, Reprint. (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2003).Archivos del terror de Paraguay, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://www.canalpatrimonio.com/es/noticias/?iddoc=53443. Timothy Ericson, “Building Our Own ‘Iron Curtain’: The Emergence of Secrecy in American Government,” The American Archivist 68 (Spring/Summer 2005): 18-52. “Census Records Destroyed in Washington Fire,” The Concordia Sentinel (Concordia, Louisiana, February 12, 1921), http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87090135/1921-02-12/ed-1/seq-1/. Alan Reitman, “Freedom of Information and Privacy: The Civil Libertarian’s Dilemma,” American Archivist 38, no. 4 (October 1975): 501-508. Steven Lubar, “Information Culture and the Archival Record,” The American Archivist 62 (Spring 1999): 10-22. James Madison, Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 3, 4 vols. (Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1865), books.google.com. James Sickinger, “Literacy, Documents, and Archives in the Ancient Athenian Democracy,” The American Archivist 62 (Fall 1999): 229-246. Scott W. Jessee, “Monks, Monasteries, and Manuscripts: Archival Sources for Eleventh-Century France,” American Archivist 52 (Summer 1989): 384-390. Jeannette Allis Bastian, Owning Memory: How a Caribbean Community Lost Its Archives and Found Its History (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003). Roblespepe, Que_Digan_Donde_Estan.jpg, Digital Photograph, April 9, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Que_digan_d%C3%B3nde_estan.jpg. Keikus Karsten, Shredded Stasi Files at Stasi Headquarters in Berlin-Lichtenberg (1990s), Digital Photograph, n.d., http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=3061. Robert L. Dorman, “The Creation and Destruction of the 1890 Federal Census,” The American Archivist 71 (Fall/Winter 2008): 350-383. Andreas Praefcke, Wachstafelrem, Digital Photograph, 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wachstafel_rem.jpg
Jennifer Milligan, “‘What Is an Archive?’ in the History of Modern France,” in Archive Stories: Facts Fictions, and The Writing of History, ed. Antoinette Burton (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), 160-183.